RAM which these outrages were carried, see Macaulay's History of England, v. iii. pp. 249, 250.

RACE. A. S. Ræse, cursus. A course or race. Item, impetus fluvii-the violent course of a river. Somner. See the Quotation from Berners.

They sayled so longe yt they passed the rase-Saynt Matthew in Bretayne.—Berners' Froissart, v. ii. p. 215. RACE.

They (Thomson's Poems) are I think improved in general: yet I know not whether they have not lost part of what Temple calls their "race," a word which when applied to wine in its primitive sense, means the flavour of the soil.-Johnson. Life of Thomson.

RACH. RACHET. See BRACH.

RACK. See WRACK, infra, and the Quotation from Sterling in v. Sky.

The heavens grew exceeding black; also it thundered and lightened in most fearful wise, that it put me into an agony: so I looked upon my dream and saw the clouds rack at an unusual rate.-Bunyan. Pilgrim's Progress.

RACK, v. To rack the value. Shaks. To stretch,

strain, or extend.

And ever more so sterneliche it rone,
And blewe therwith so wonderlichè loude,
That wel nigh no man heren other coude.

Chaucer. Troylus and Cressida, b. iii. v. 675. RAISE, or REISE, and to Rere, are used in Wic. as we now use Rouse, qv.

Thei that weren in the tabernacle, camen and maden noise before the entring of the bed, and ymagyneden by craft unrestfulnesse for cause of reisyng (E. V. for ende to reren, causo excitandi) that Holofernes schulde awake not of the reiseris (E. V. rereres, var. r. arereres, ab excitantibus) but of sowneris (a sonantibus).- Wic. Judith xiv. 9.

His soldiers tooke more pleasure in booties and reises (populationibus) than in ease and repose.

Holland. Livy, p. 437, RAISIN, s. Fr. Raisine (Raisine de Corinthe is the Currant); Lat. Racemus, a bunch or cluster. A fruit, e. g. of the vine, the grape dried. So named from hanging in bunches.

Whethir a reisyn (E. V. graap, racemus) of Effraym is not better than the vindagis of Abiezer? Wic. Judges viii. 2. And there shall be left in it as a rasyn. (E.V. braunches of a cluster. Marg. note, a rasyn is a lytil bow with a lytil fruit.)-Id. Is. xvii. 6.

RAKE.

And ryght as Rohartes men
Raken about, at feyres

Piers Plouhman's Crede, v. 144.
A rakiere of Chepe.-Id. Vision, v. 3120.
RAM.

Therfor te to 30u senene bolis, and seuene rammes. (E. V. wetheris, arietes.)- Wic. Job xlii. 8.

RAMAS, v. and s. Fr. Ramasser (Cot.) To keep, to collect together. RAMASSE. Fr. Rameau. A bough, or branch; a broom. Also a kind of high sled, or wheelbarrow, wherein travellers are carried down certain steep and slippery places in Piedmont. Ramassed, in Hackluyt, is swept, heaped together; in Sir R. G.—is carried down on a ramasse (probably a bush hurdle).

Volumes-indeed most untruly and unprofitablee ramassed and hurled together.-Hackluyt. To the Reader.

And from the hyght of the mounte (Cenis) down to Lyuynborugh I was ramasshed, whiche is a right straunge thynge.-The Pilgrymage of Syr R. Guylforde. Knyght, p. 80. Notes and Queries, v. iii. p. 347.

RAMFEEZLED. Dr. Jamieson explains-Fatigued, exhausted, overspent; and suggests doubt

RAT

fully two etymologies (qqv.) Cowper seems to have purloined the word from Burns. The tapetless (heedless) ramfeezľd hizzie, She's saft at best, and something lazy. Burns. Works, v. iii. p. 243. I lent him (Burns) to a very sensible neighbour of mine, but his uncouth dialect spoiled all, and before he had half read through him, he was quite ramfeezled. Cowper to Rose, Aug. 27, 1787.

RAMP.

Thei opened up on me ther mouth; as a leoun rampaunt (rapiens) and rorende.-Wic. Ps. xxi. 14. Beniamyn, a wulf raumpynge (L. V. rauyschynge, rapar) the morwen tide he shall eete a pray; and the euentide, he shall diuyde spoylis.-Id. Gen. xlix. 27. RAMPART.

Still the ramparted ground
With a vision my fancy inspires,

And I hear the trump sound,
As it marshall'd our chivalry's sires.

Campbell. On the Camp Hill, near Hastings.

Two risen up in rape (haste).

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 3141. But though ye loke never so brode, and stare, Ye shuln not win a mite on that chaffare; But wasten all that ye may rape and renne.

Chaucer. Chan. Yem. Tale, v. 16890. Wost thou, how I know how to ascape? I say and sweren him full rape.

Id. Rom. of the Rose, v. 6518. She has confessed to me to haue felt in her soule such influxes of heavenly joy as have allmost carryed her into another world: I do not call them rapts and illapses, because she would not haue endured to be esteemed above other humble Christians.

Evelyn. Life of Mrs. Godolphin, p. 168. O, had I Virgil's verse or Tullie's tongue! Or raping numbers like the Thracian's song.

Browne. Brit. Past. b. i. s. 4. Wave rowling after wave, where way they found If steep-with torrent rapture, if through plaine, Soft ebbing.-Milton. Par. L. b. vii. v. 299. But we, weak minstrels of a laggard day, Skill'd but to imitate the elder page, Timid and raptureless, can we The debt thou claim'st in this ted age?

RAPTURE.

RASCAL.

Scott. Don Roderick. Introduction. See RAP.

And he smoot of the people (de populo) senenti men and fifti thowsandis of the raskeyl. (L.V. poraile, plebis.) Wic. 1 Kings vi. 19.

RASE.

Sende we a tre in to the brede of hym, and rase (E. V. shave, eradamus) hym awei fro the land of lyueris, and his name be no more hadde in mynde.- Wic. Jer. xi. 19.

RASH, s. Minsheu (says Skinner) derives from D. Ras; It. Raso, Rascia, Sericum, Sattin, q. Sericum rasum (shaved or shorn). Villi enim expers est. It. Rascia-A kind of stuffe called silk Rash. Raso,-The stuff called sattine. Florio. See the

Quotation from Donne in v. Sleeve, infra.

RAT, v. To rat (in common use). To leave when no longer safe to stay (as rats, a falling house); to quit or forsake the weaker for the stronger party.

He now changed his party, but (I must say) without being at all liable to the imputation of a change from mercenary motives, which is conveyed by the modern word ratting."-Campbell. Lives of Chancellors.

RATE, v.

Fathers, rate not your children, least they be of desperate mynde.-Bible, 1549. Colos. c. iii.

Aske the rathermor (L. V. formere, pristinam) ieneracioun, and bisily enserche the mynde of the faders. Wic. Job viii. 8.

But now to purpose of my rather speche.
Chaucer. Troylus and Cressida, b. iii. v. 1337.
But lesingoures with hir base flatterie
With fraude covered under a pitous face,
Accepted be nowe rathest unto grace.

Id. The Black Knight, v. 427. When you haue most plentie then ratherest prouide Translated against wante.-The Schole of Cyrus, boke i. by Wm. Bercker. (Horne Tooke. M. S. in Skinner.)

RATIONAL, S. A Rational, Lat. Rationale. See Du Cange. The breest brooch, or nowche upon the breest, in which dome and treuthe shal be writen. -Note on Wiclif.

Forsothe these schulen be the clothis whiche thei schulen make; thei schulen make racional (rationale). Wic. Er. xxviii. 4.

RATIONAL, adj.

There is a new sect sprung up among them (the Presbyterians and Independents), and these are the Rationalists, and what their reason dictates them in church or state stands for good until they be convinced with better. Clarendon. State Papers, v. ii. p. 40. App. Oct. 14, 1646. (Trench.)

RAUCOUS, adj. RAUCITY, S.

Lat. Raucus; the sub. RauScitas is applied by Pliny as the English Raucity, by Bacon, to the sound of the trumpet.

Raucous, hoarse, harsh.

Inequality (of sound) not stayed upon but passing, is rather an increase of sweetness; as in the purling of a wreathed string, and in the raucity of a trumpet.

Bacon. Natural History, Cent. VII. § 700. They (the Arras parrot) seem to articulate only the sound Ara, and with a raucous thick tone, which is grating to the ear.-Buffon. History of Birds. (Trans.)

REB

And (he) driede the water of it (Euphrates) that weie were rediede (L. V. maad redi, prepararetur) to kyngis fro sunne risynge.-Id. Apoc. xvi. 12.

REALM.

Whoso wol seker actes of sondry remes,
May rede of dremes many a wonder thing.

Chaucer. Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 15142.

Nought trow I, the triumph of Julius,
Of which that Lucan maketh swiche abost
Was realler, or more curious,

Than was th' assemblee of this blisful host.

Id. Man of Lawes Tale, v. 4822. Thesens with alle joye and blis; With his Ipolita, the fayre quene; And Emelie, yclothed all in grene;

On hunting ben they ridden really.-Id. Ib. v. 1689.

REAP, s. In Wiclif's Bible, the Lat. Manipulus, is in the E. V. rendered Sheaf, qv. and in the L. V. Reep. E. V. Rep-time; L. V. Heruest. Messio. And if I repe

(I) yaf hem reed that ropen To seise to me with hir sikel That I ne sew nevere.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 8775. Je han erid vnfeithfulnesse, se han rope (E. V. repiden, messuistis), je han ete the corn of leesyng.

Wic. Hosea x. 18. Whanne thou repist corn in the feeld, and forgetist, and leeuest a repe (E. V. handful, manipulum), thou schalt not turne azen to take it, but thou schalt suffre that a comelyng, and fadirles, and modirles, and widewe take awei, that thi Lord God blesse thee in al the werk of thin hondis.-Id. Deut. xxiv. 19.

Hir husbonde was Manasses, that died in the dayes of barli rip. (L. V. heruest, messis.)—Id. Julith viii. 3.

He (Manasses) stood bisili oner men bindynge togidere reepis in the feeld. (E. V. sheeues, manipulos.)-Id. 16. Ye lovers, that make (sc. verses) of sentimentWell I wote, that ye han here beforneOf Making-ropen and lad awaie the corne.

Chaucer. Legend of Good Women, Prol. v. 74. RE-APPAREL. To apparel or clothe again. See REPARREL.

How long a day soever thou make that day in the grave, yet there is no day between that and the resurrection; then we shall all be invested, reapparelled, in our own bodies.-Donne. Devotions, p. 358.

Swiche dedes I dide write

If he his day breke

I have mo manoirs thorugh rerages
Than thorough. -Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 2963.

REASON. Piers Plouhman writes Renable, for Reasonable. See in v. Renoun. In Chaucer (see in v. Great), Reason of a pricke is proportionpuncti ratio. See Quotation from Barrow, and in v. Moment, from Berkeley. See also Locke, in v. Reveal, infra.

But aten the thre frendis of hym he dedeynede, forthi that thei hadden not found a resounable (rationalem) answere, but only they shulden han condemned.

Wic. Job xxxii. 3. As to what pertains to reason and proportion (for these names are equipollent among most writers) the Greeks design it by the word Xoyos, logos, speech, than which scarce any word in that tongue occurs more ambiguous,

REAVE.

Barrow. Mathematics, Lec. xvii. p. 314.

If he reveth me my right, He robbeth me by maistrie.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 630. Haste thon spoiles to tac awey, heeze (hie) thou to refen (prædari).- Wic. Is. viii. 3.

For see ful out ioten, and grete thinzus speken, reuende awei myn eritage.-Id. Jer. 1. 11.

She rofte hire selven to the herte,
And deide thorough the woundes smerte.

Chaucer. House of Fame, b. i. v. 373.
The mast to brake, the sayle to roofe,
The ship upon the wawes droofe.

He rave it cleane asunder.

Gower. Conf. Am. b. viii. c. 1782. Berners' Froissart, v. ii. p. 160. RE-BEHOLD. To behold again. So my nimble thought

(They) riseden atens Moises and Aaron, in the rebelte (seditione) of Chore, whanne they rebelleden (rebellaverunt) atens the Lord.- Wic. Num. xxvi. 9.

Thei cummen to us in rebelle multitude (contumaer) and pride, for to distruye us, and oure wyues, and oure sonys. Id. 1 Mac. iii. 20. REBOKE. See BELCH.

His stomak stuffed ofte tymes did reboke. Skelton. Bouge of Court, v. 180. RE-BOUND. The Lat. Red-undare and Resonare are in Wiclif rendered Reb-ound. See REDOUND, infra.

The blood of all that with thee weren in the hows, shal rebound (L. V. turne, redundabit) into our heed, if hem any man towchith.- Wic. Josh. ii. 19.

The azeen sounende rebounding of sound for the hetest hillis maden hem failende fro drede. (L. V. ether ecco sownyng azen, resonans echo.)-Id. Wisd. xvii. 18. REBUKE, v. See Piers Plouhman in v. Why. And thanne I rebukede reson.

A change of government is judged a necessary measure to bring about his (Alcibiades) recalment. Smith. Thucydides. Discourse, iii. p. 92. RE-CAPITULATE, v. Perlipomynon (Deuteronomy) is the boke of the olde instrument, recapitulator (L. V. rehersour), word bregger, &c. Wic. Pref. Ep. p. 72. A recapitulacioun of the wordes of Gabryel to our lady. Lyfe of our Ladye, xviii. Caxton. RECCHE. See RECK, infra. RECEIVE.

fleisch-hokis, hokis, and ressentis of firis. (E. V. fier pannes, ignium receptacula.)- Wic. Ex. xxxviii. 3.

He made redi of bras diuerse vessels, caudruns, tongis,

I was recouncelere (L. V. felawe, sequester) and mediatour bitwixe God and jou in that tyme.- Wic. Deut. v. 5. Forsothe not conly, but and (also) we glorien in God, by oure lord Jhesu Crist, by whom we han receyued now reconcilyng, or according. (L. V. recounselyng, reconciliatio. Bible, 1549, attonement.)-Id. Rom. v. 11.

RECORD. For Recordation, see the Quotation from Smith in v. Reminiscence, infra.

Thre braunches thre it dayes ben, after whiche Pharao shal record of thi seruyce (L. V. haue mynde, recordabitur), and shal restore thee to the bifore had gree.

Wic. Gen. xl. 13. If ze goon out to batayle fro zoure loond azens the enemyes that stryuen azens zow, 3e shal crye with jollynge trompes, and it shall be recordynge of 3ow (L. V. bithenkyng, recordatio) before the Lord your God, that ze ben delyuerid fro the hondes of poure enemyes.-Id. Num. x. 9.

RE-COVER, v

Victorie and worshipe shal purchace, that teneth ziftis; forsothe he taketh awei the soule of the resceyueres. takeris, accipientium.)-Id. Prov. xxii. 9.

RECENT.

She objected the recency of her kinswoman's death. Smollett. Peregrine Pickle, v. iv. e. 13. RE-CENTRE. To centre again, or restore to the centre.

Now I recentre my immortal mind

In the deep sabbath of meek self-content.
Coleridge. Ode to the Departing Year, § ix.
RECESS. See RECEDE.
RE-CHANGE.

The rechaunge backward is ever hurtful, costly, and very chargeable.-Dr. Thos. Wilson. A Discourse vpon Usurie,

fo. 1172. 1572.

RECK.

Therfor Y sent messangeris to hem, and Y seide, Y make a greet werk, and Y mai not go doun, lest perauenture it be doon retchelessli (negligatur) whanne Y come and go doun to you.- Wic. 2 Esd. vi. 3.

But natheles I rerche not a bene.

Chaucer. Man of Lawes Prol. v. 4514. But wel rede I, that by no maner weie Ne semid it as if she on him rought. Or of his paine.-Id. Troylus and Cressida, b. i. v. 496. Ne that a monk, when he is rekkeless,

Is like to a fish that is waterless.-Id. The Prol. v. 179. Then cometh negligence or recchelesnesse, that recketh of nothing. Id. Persones Tale.

And Pandarus, withouten rekening,

Out went to Helen and Deiphobus (i. e. accounting for doing so).

Id. Troylus and Cressida, b. ii. v. 1640. And such a sorowe he toke therfore, That he sat euer still, and thought, As he which of no meate rought.

Gower. Conf. Am. 1. 8, fo. 1774. Baronius and Habertus, and our learned Bp. Taylor, reckon he only dissembled and used this stratagem (unbelief) to avoid being ordained.

Bingham. Antiq. of Christian Church, b. iv. c. 3. RE-CLAIM. (As applied to wild animals.)

Thou rote of false lovires, Duke Jason!
Thou sleer, devourer, and confusion,

Of gentil women, gentil créatures:
Thou madest thy reclaiming, and thy lures,
To ladies, of thy scathliche aparaunce.

Chaucer. Hypsip and Medea, v. 1371.

He shal comaunde to hym that is purified, that he offre for hym silf two quyk sparows, whom it is leeful to eet, and cedre tree, and flawme reed silk. (L.V. vermylyoun, cocco.) Wie. Lev. xiv. 4.

And whanne he seeth in the walles of it (the hows) as litil valeys defourmed with paalnes or with reednes (rubore), he shal goo out of the dore of the hows, and anoon he shal close it seuen dayes.-Id. Ib. xiv. 37.

REDDOUR.

But truly no force of (no need for) thy reddour
To hymn that over hymself hath maistrie.

Chaucer. Balade of the Village.

REDEEM. Saynt Austyn sayth-Oure redemptour is comen and the deceyuour is vanquysshed. The Golden Legend, fo. 16, c. 4.

REDOUBT.

For no wise man had not leauer (malit potius) be exiled poore and nedie, and namelesse, then ior to dwellen in his citée, and flouren of richesse, and be redoutable of honour (honore reverendus), and strong of power.

Chaucer. Boecius, b. iv. pr. 5.

REDOUND, v. See REBOUND, supra. In Milton, to remain over and above. Spoken of food not transubstantiated.

And what euer ze schul demyn, in to you it schal redoundyn (redundabit.)- Wic. 2 Par. xix. 6.

REF

To transubstantiate; what redounds
Transpires through spirits with ease.
Milton. Par. L. b. 5, v. 438.

The redound of the hills and the rocks doubled every voice of theirs (the Macedonians).

Codrington. Q. Curtius, p. 35. RE-DRAW, v. To draw back or out again.

Breath and blood

Followed the re-drawn shaft.

Southey, v. 5, p. 310. Madoc, pt. ii. § 16.

REDUCE, v. Also to repair, to redress, as to reduce a wrong.-Marlow, infra.

Prayeng to take this reducynge pacyently and submitting me to the amendyng of the reder and understonder. -The Boke of Tulle of Old Age. The Prohemy. Carton. Traitors-that would reduce these bloody days again. Shakespeare. King Richard III. sc. iv. Abig. I'll rend their hearts with tearing of my hair, Till they reduce the wrongs done to my father. Marlow. Jew of Malta, act i.

REED.

Whether hopist thon in the reeden staf and broken, Egipt (L. V. staf of rehed, in baculo erundines), upon which if a man lene to-broken it schal goon in to his hond, and thrillen in it?- Wic. 4 Kings xviii. 21.

Whether a resshe may linen without humour? or a reeddi (carectum) place grow without watir?-Id. Job viii. 11. But rede that boweth doune for every blast, Fill lightly, cesseth winde, it wol arise: But so n'il not an oke whan it is cast.

REL

REGAL, adj. Regere, i. e. Res-gerere, Re-gerere, Regere, Re-gessi, Reg-si, Rexi. Div. of Purley, 2. 7. n. 8vo. ed. Go. Raginon, reikinon; A. S. Reccan, Regere; Go. Reiks, Rex; A. S. Reccere, regn, Rector.

And sothely, levè suster myn (quod she);
Now be we duchesses, both I and ye,
And sikerde to the regals of Athenes.

Chaucer. Arcadne, v. 2128. Even the black princes' wo, tho' of the most distinguished virtue and character, tho' an Englishwoman and of the Blood Royal of England herself, was passed over, and her son regented by his uncles.

Walpole. George II. v. i. p. 99. An. 1751.

RELIEVE.

REN

And that deeth a-down broughte Deeth shal releve.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 12359. Let there be widowers which you call releevers appointed everywhere to the Church service.

Bp. Hall. An Apology against the Brownists, § xix. RELIGION. A religion, not a service of God, but an order of monkery: A religious, one devoted to such order. See Trench. Lec. 1. Coleridge, Biog. Lit. i. 308, revives the obsolete Religiosity, used by Wiclif.

Religiosite (religiositas) shal kepen, and justefien the herte; ful myrthe and ioze it shal yue.- Wic. Ecc. i. 17. RELIQUARY. See RELICK.

REINS.

Thou, God, sekyng the hertis, and the reynes (ilia) schalt dresse a iust man.- Wic. Ps. vii. 10.

The precarious empiricism of judging diseases by the renal secretions without sight of the patient.

Hallam. Literature of Europe, v. i. p. 638. RE-JOY, v. There will be signal examples of God's mercy, and the angels must not want their charitable rejoices for the conversion of lost sinners. Browne. Christian Morals, pt. i. § 6. REISE, s. A raising or levying. See RAISE, supra.

RE-ITERATE, v.

When now the multitude beheld their king,
In gratulations of reiterate joy

They shout his name.-Southey. Madoc, pt. ii. § 20.
RE-JUVENESCENCE.

The tothir he hongide in a gibite, that the sothnes of the remener (L. V. expownere, conjectoris) were proued. ld. Gen. xl. 22, et aliter. And whanne Gedeon had herde the sweven, and the remenyng of it (L. V. interpretyng, interpretationem), he Id. Judg. vii. 15; also Ecclus. xlvii. 18. REMIND. Locke uses To MIND, in this sense. I must here take the liberty to mind parents of this one thing, viz. That he that will have a respect for him, and his orders, must himself have a great reverence for his son. Maxima debetur pueris reverentia.

REMINISCENCE.

Locke. On Education, § lxxi.

RELATE.

Southey. Vision of Judgment, § vii.

This second thought (of an injury done to us) introduces a feeling of resentment, not by the law of suggestion, but by the law which relates an object, whether present or thought upon, to its appropriate emotion.

Chalmers. On the Constitution of Man, pt. i. c. 3. RE-LEASE. See Piers Plouhman, in v. Remit,

infra.

RELENT, v. Relentment ceased,

And custom whets again the rusted knife.

Taylor. Iph. in Tauris. RELICK. Relict is distinguished from widow. If the woman take a second husband, though no Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose, v. 3840. longer widow, she is still relict. And thus she was to enerichone Of al myschyef refute, and remedy.

Lyfe of our Ladye. Caxton, a. 5, c. 1.

Yrael, forsothe strongly, shal doo, of Jacob shal be that Lordship, and leese the relykes (reliquias) of the citee. Wic. Num. xxiv. 19.

Let him commandAnd to obey shall be in me remorse, What bloody businesse ever.

Shakespeare. Othello, act iii. sc. 3. Isab. But might you doe't, and do the world no wrong, If so your heart were touch'd with that remorse As mine is for him?

Id. Measure for Measure, act ii. se. 2.
RENABLE. See REASONABLE.
RENATE.

So mighty sages tell
The Arabian Phoenix, when five hundred years
Have well nigh circled, dies, and springs forthwith
Renascent.-Cary. Dante. Hell, c. xxiv. v. 106.

RENAY.

For though a cristen man coveited
His cristendom to reneye,
Rightfully to reneye

No reson it wolde.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 6828.
And (he may) as a reneyed caytif
Recchelessly renne about.-Id. 1b. v. 6237.