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any new sect, that may arise, is to be tolerated. 3, In the appointment of the superintendents, the first preacher in the places of the King's residence, the members of the academies, the ordinary professors in the universities, and the directors of the gymnasia. In the appointment of Catholic Bishops and Vice-Bishops, the consent of the state chancellor must be obtained.

II. The second ecclesiastical body, is the Consistorium. In the capital of each province, there is a body of which the over-President of the province is the head. This body is called a consistorium. Its members may be either clergymen or laymen, and are appointed by the government. This is the governing body of the evangelical churches within its limits, and has the oversight of all literary institutions, with the exception of the universities, which stand immediately under the department of the ministry, just mentioned.

To the consistorium belongs, therefore, 1, the care of calling together synods, when thought necessary; the supervision of them when convened, confirming, correcting, and reporting to the government, their decisions. 2, General oversight of public worship, especially in relation to the doctrines taught and the modes adopted. 3, The examination of canditates, pro facultate concionandi, and pro ministerio. 4, Confirming the appointment of clergymen, to stations in the gift of the King, the appointment itself resting with another body. 5, The consistorium nominates, to the ministry, the superintendents, who are to be appointed, within its province. 6, The inspection of the theological seminaries, and the appointment of teachers in them. 7, The oversight of the conduct and official deportment of the clergy. 8, Direction of all processes against the clergy, for official offences. It can also suspend a clergyman from his office, for such offences, and report him as worthy of deposition to the higher authorities. 9, The

arranging of church festivals, and days of humiliation and prayer, under the direction of the ministry; and the appointment of the texts, on which the sermons, on such days, are to be preached. 10, The censorship of the press, in reference to all works, bearing on religion or education.

The consistorium has, also, in virtue of its general oversight of every thing pertaining to the education of the people, various important duties to perform; as 1, The examination of the laws and regulations of schools and private institutions of learning. 2, The revision of the school regulations in general, the correction of abuses, and supplying deficiencies. 3. The examination of school books, and the right of deciding which are to be rejected, of those already in use; and of preparing and introducing new ones. 4, The government of the seminaries for the education of teachers. 5, The examination of school teachers. This examination is, however, commonly held by officers appointed particularly for this purpose. 6, The oversight, direction, and revision of all the "learned schools ;" and the appointment, promotion, discipline, suspension, and dismission of their teachers. In regard to the rectors, higher teachers, and directors, the consent of the ministry must be obtained, in reference to all the acts of the consistorium.

III. The Deputation for ecclesiastical and school affairs, in the several governmental circles.

The kingdom of Prussia is divided into twenty-eight circles; each of these has its president and a body of counsellors, called collectively the "Government." This body is divided into two parts; one of which has all the general affairs of the circle, under its direction; the other only the finances. The first of these divisions, together with the "clerical and school counsellors," constitutes the third governing body in the Prussian church.

The subjects which come under the direction of this "Deputation", are in part the same with those which belong

to the province of the consistorium. In such cases, it is through the "Governmental Deputation", that matters of business, are brought before the former body. With respect to many subjects, however, the Deputation is competent to give a final decision. To it belongs 1, The exercise of the King's patronage, that is, the appointment of all the pastors and teachers, to places within the gift of the King. Its nominations, however, require the confirmation of the consistorium. 2, It confirms the nominations of pastors and teachers, made by private patrons. Should any private patron twice nominate an unfit subject, for any place, the right of appointment devolves on the "Deputation". 3, It examines and installs the clergy, when commissioned so to do by the consistorium. 4, It has the oversight of the conduct of the clergy; it receives, therefore, the reports of the superintendents; and from it, pastors must seek permission of absence from their charges. 5, It maintains the discipline and order of the church. 6, It has the direction and oversight, generally, of the churches, of public, private, and elementary schools, and charitable institutions. 7, It has the charge and administration of all church and school property. 8, It has the oversight of all literary institutions and societies, with the exception of the universities and academies. IV. The Superintendents.

The superintendents, as mentioned above, are appointed immediately by the King, on the nomination of the consistorium.

They are the organs of the consistorium and "Governmental Deputation," to them, therefore, all the ordinances of these bodies are directed, and by them communicated to the clergy and teachers of their diocese (or Ephorie). They have further, the oversight of the doctrines, and conduct of the pastors and teachers, within their limits, and are required from time to time, to visit the churches and schools; to examine into their condition, the state of their funds, build

ings and other property, and into the official conduct of the clergymen and teachers; to make a full report to the "Governmental Deputation". They can, however, do nothing on their own authority, they are merely inspectors, or in particular cases, the agents of the bodies already mentioned. In case of the absence of a pastor, from his charge it devolves on them to supply his pulpit; and their permission must be obtained for every absence for more than three days. Should a pastor wish to leave his pulpit, for more than a fortnight, the "Deputation" must be apprized, through the superintendent, of the fact.

Most of the details, on this subject, are given on the authority of DR. G. A. BIELITZ'S Handbuch des Preussischen Kirchenrechts

NEW PUBLICATIONS.
CATIONS.

It is not our intention to give under this head, a regular quarterly list of all new theological works, but to mention such as we think will be most interesting to our readers. In the present number, several works are noticed, which, although not very recently published, have not been long known in this country. As the sole object of this department of our work, is to give literary information, we do not propose to confine ourselves to such works as may come under our personal inspection; but also to state the character and contents of such as are important, on the authority of foreign Journals. Such notices, however, are not intended to be translations, they may state in few words the leading facts contained in a long review.

CRITICISM AND INTERPRETATION.

Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine exhibens textum graecum ad exemplar Complutense expressum, cum vulgata interpretatione latina editionis Clementis VIII. ed. et loca parallela uberiora selectamque lectionis varietatem subministravit PETR. AL. GRATZ, Theol. D. ac Prof. Edit. nova. Tom. I. (quatuor Ev. complectens.) pp. 475. 8vo. Tom. II. (act. ap. epistt. et. apoc. compl.) pp. 570. 8vo. Kuperberg. Mainz. 1827.

In 1821, an edition of the New Testament was issued by Fues of Tübingen, (edited by Dr. Gratz,) exhibiting the Greek text of the Complutensian Polyglott, the variations

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