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DUM FORIS SUNT, NIHIL VIDETUR MUNDIUS,
NEC MAGIS COMPOSITUM QUIDQUAM, NEC MAGIS ELEGANS:
QUÆ, CUM AMATORE SUO CUM COENANT, LIGURIUNT.
HARUM VIDERE INGLUVIEM, SORDES, INOPIAM,
QUAM INHONESTE SOLE SINT DOMI, ATQUE AVIDE CIB1,
QUO PACTO EX JURE HESTERNO PANEM ATRUM VORENT:
NOSSE OMNIA HEC, SALUS EST ADOLESCENTULIS.

TER.EUN. ACT. V. SC. 4.

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WHEN THEY ARE ABROAD, NOTHING IS SO CLEAN, AND NICELY DRESSED; AND WHEN AT SUPPER WITH A GALLANT, THEY DO BUT PIDDLE, AND PICK THE CHOICEST BITS: BUT TO SEE THEIR NASTINESS AND POVERTY AT HOME, THEIR GLUTTONY, AND HOW THEY DEVOUR BLACK CRUSTS DIPPED IN YESTERDAY'S BROTH, IS A PERFECT ANTIDOTE AGAINST WENCHING.

WILI

ILL Honeycomb, who difguifes his prefent decay by vifiting the wenches of the town only by way of humour, told us, that the last rainy night, he with Sir Roger de Coverley was driven into the Temple Cloifter, whither had efcaped alfo a lady moft exactly dreffed from head to foot. Will made no fcruple to acquaint us, that the faluted him very familiarly by his name; and turning immediately to the knight, fhe faid, the fuppofed that was his good friend Sir Roger de Coverley upon which nothing lefs could follow than Sir Roger's approach to falutation, with Madam, the fame at your fer'vice.' She was dreffed in a black tabby mantua and petticoat, without ribbons; her linen ftriped muflin, and in the whole in an agreeable second mourning; decent dreffes being often affected by the creatures of the town, at once confulting cheapnefs and the pretenfions to modefty. She went on with a familiar eafy air-Your friend, • Mr. Honeycomb, is a little furpaifed to fee a woman here alone and unat⚫tended; but I difmiffed my coach at the gate, and tripped it down to my ⚫ counfel's chamber; for lawyers fees ⚫ take up too much of a finall difputed jointure to admit any other expences but mere neceffaries. Mr. Honeycomb begged they might have the honour of fetting her down, for Sir Roger's fervant was gone to call a coach. In the interim the footman returned, with

no coach to be had; and there appeared nothing to be done but trufting herself with Mr. Honeycomb and his friend to wait at the tavern at the gate for a conch, or to be fubje&ted to all the impertinence the must meet with in that public place. Mr. Honeycomb being a man of honour, determined the choice of the firft; and Sir Roger, as the better man, took the lady by the hand, leading her through all the fhower, covering her with his hat, and gallanting a familiar acquaintance through rows of young fellows, who winked at Sukey in the itate fhe marched off, Will Honeycomb bringing up the rear.

Much importunity prevailed upon the fair one to admit of a collation, where, after declaring the had no ftomach, and eaten a couple of chickens, devoured a trufs of fallad, and drank a full bottle to her fhare, fhe fung the Old Man's Wih to Sir Roger. The knight left the room for fome time after fupper, and writ the following billet, which he conveyed to Sukey, and Sukey to her friend Will Honeycomb. Will has given it to Sir Andrew Freeport, who read it last night to the club.

MADAM,

Am not fo mere a country gentleman, but I can guels at the lawbulinefs you had at the Temple. If you would go down to the country, and leave off all your vanities but your finging, let me know at my lodgings in

Bow

Bow Street, Covent Garden, and you fhall be encouraged by your humble fervant,

ROGER DE COVERLEY.

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cure,

And turn thy footsteps from the harlot's door,
Who with curs'd charms lures the unwary in,
And fooths with flattery their fouls to fin.

Once from my window as I caft mine eye
On those that pafs'd in giddy numbers by,
A youth among the foolish youths I fpy'd,
Who took not facred Wifdom for his guide.
Juft as the fun withdrew his cooler light,
And evening foft led on the fhades of night,
He ftole in covert twilight to his fate,

And pafs'd the corner near the harlot's gate;
When lo, a woman comes!

Loofe her attire, and fuch her glaring dress,
As aptly did the harlot's mind exprels:

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Subtle fhe is, and practis'd in the arts
By which the wanton conquer heedless hearts;
Stubborn and loud fhe is; the hates her home,
Varying her place and form, he loves to roams
Now he's within, now in the ftreet does stray,
Now at each corner ftands, and waits her prey.
The youth the fez'd; and laying now afide
All modefty, the female's justest pride,
Shefaid with an embrace Here at my houfe
Peace-offerings are, this day I paid my

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I therefore came abroad to meet my dear,
And lo, in happy hour, I find thee here.
1 My chamberi ve adorn'd, and o'er my bed
Are covings of the richest tap'firy spread,
With linen it is deck'd from Egypt brought,
And carvings by the curious artift wrought
It wants no glad perfume Arabia yields
In all her citron groves and fpicy fields;
Here all her store of richest odours meets,
I'll lay thee in a wilderness of sweets.
Whatever to the fenfe can grateful be
I have collected there I want but thee.
My husband's gone a journey far away,
Much gold he took abroad, and long will

• stay:

He nam'd for his return a diftant day.'
Upon her tongue did fuch smooth mitchief

dwell,

And from her lips fuch welcome flatt'ry fell,
Th' unguarded youth, in filkes fetters ty'd,
Refign'd his reafon, and with eafe comply'd.
Thus does the ox to his own flaughter go,
And thus is fenfelefs of th' impending blow.
Thus flies the fimple bird into the fnare,
That fkilful fowlers for his life prepare.
But let my fons attend. Attend may they
Whom youthful vigour may to fin betray:
Let them falfe charmers fly, and guard their
hearts

Against the wily wanton's pleasing arts;
With care dire&t their steps, nor turn aftray
To tread the paths of her deceitful way;
Left they too late of her fell power complain,
And fall where many mightier have been
Alain.

N° CCCCXI. SATURDAY, JUNE 21.

AVIA PIERIDUM PERAGRO LOCA, NULLIUS ANTE
TEITA SOLO: JUVAT INTEGROS ACCEDERE FONTES,
ATQUE HAURIRE..
LUCK. LIB. I. V. 925.

T

INSPIR'D I TRACE THE MUSES SEATS,
UNTRODDEN YET: 'TIS SWEET TO VISIT FIRST
UNTOUCH'D AND VIRGIN STREAMS, AND QUENCH MY THIRST.
CREECH.

UR fight is the most perfect and molt delightful of all our fenfes. It fills the mind with the largest variety of ideas, converfes with it's objects at

the greateft diftance, and continues the longeft in action without being tired or fatiated with it's proper enjoyments. The fenfe of feeling can indeed give us

a no

822

THE SPECTATOR.

a notion of extension, shape, and all
other ideas that enter at the eye, except
colours; but at the fame time it is very
much straitened and confined in it's ope-
rations, to the number, bulk, and dif-
tance of it's particular objects. Our
fight feems defigned to fupply all thefe
defects, and may be considered as a
more delicate and diffufive kind of touch,
that fpreads itself over an infinite mul-
titude of bodies, comprehends the largest
figures, and brings into our reach fome
of the most remote parts of the universe.
It is this fenfe that furnishes the ima-
gination with it's ideas; fo that by the
pleatures of the imagination or fancy
(which I fhall ufe promifcuonfly) I here
mean fuch as arife from visible objects,
either when we have them actually in
our view, or when we call up their ideas
into our minds by paintings, ftatues,
deferiptions, or any the like occafion.
We cannot indeed have a fingle image
in the fancy that did not make it's firft
entrance through the fight; but we have
the power of retaining, altering, and
compounding thofe images, which we
have once received, into all the varie-
ties of picture and vifion that are moft
agreeable to the imagination: for by
phis faculty a man in a dungeon is ca-
pable of entertaining himself with fcenes
and landfkips more beautiful than any
that can be found in the whole compafs
of nature.

There are few words in the English
language which are employed in a more
loofe and uncircumfcribed fenfe than
thofe of the Fancy and the Imagination.
I therefore thought it neceffary to fix
and determine the notion of these two
words, as I intend to make ufe of them
in the thread of my following fpecula-
tions, that the reader may conceive
rightly what is the fubject which I pro-
reed upon. I must therefore defire him
to remember that, by the pleafures of
the imagination, I mean only fuch plea-
fures as arife originally from fight, and
that I divide thefe pleafures into two
kinds, my defign being first of all to
difcourfe of thofe primary pleafures of
the imagination, which entirely proceed
from fuch objects as are before our
eyes; and in the next place to speak of
thofe fecondary pleafures of the ima-
gination which flow from the ideas of
vifible objects, when the objects are not
actually before the eye, but are called

into our memories, or formed into

agreeable vifions of things that are ci-
ther absent or fictitious.

The pleafures of the imagination,
as thofe of fenfe, nor fo refined as thofe
taken in the full extent, are not fo grois
of the understanding. The last are,
are founded on fome new knowledge or
indeed, more preferable, because they
improvement in the mind of man; yet
it must be confeffed that thofe of the
imagination are as great and as tran
fporting as the other. A beautiful pro
fpect delights the foul, as much as a de-
monftration; and a description in Homer
has charmed more readers than a chapter
in Ariftotle. Befides, the pleafures of
the imagination have this advantage
above thofe of the understanding, that
they are more obvious, and more ea fy
to be acquired. It is but opening the
eye, and the fcene enters. The colours
paint themselves on the fancy, with
very little attention of thought or ap-
plication of mind in the beholder. We
are ftruck, we know not how, with the
fymmetry of any thing we fee, and im-
mediately aflent to the beauty of an
object, without enquiring into the par-
ticular caufes and occafions of it.

A man of a polite imagination is let
into a great many pleafures that the
picture, and find
can converfe with a
yulgar are not capable of receiving. He
meets with a fecret refreshment in a de-
an agreeable companion in a statue. He
fcription, and often feels a greater fa-
tisfaction in the profpect of fields and
meadows, than another does in the pof-
feffion. It gives him indeed a kind of
makes the most rude uncultivated parts
property in every thing he fees, and
of nature adminifter to his pleasures: fo
that he looks upon the world, as it were
in another light, and difcovers in it a
multitude of charms, that conceal them-
There are, indeed, but very few who
felves from the generality of mankind,
know how to be idle and innocent, or
have a relifh of any pleafures that are
not criminal; every diverfion they take
is at the expence of fome one virtue or
another, and their very first step out of
bufinefs is into vice or folly. A man
fhould endeavour, therefore, to make
the fphere of his innocent pleasures as
wide as poffible, that he may retire into
a fatisfaction as a wife man would not
them with fafety, and find in them fuch
Of this nature are those
blush to take.

quire of the imagination, which do not re

quire fuch a bent of thought as is neceffary to our more ferious employments; nor, at the fame time, fuffer the mind to link into that negligence and remiffnefs, which are apt to accompany our more fenfual delights, but, like a gentle exercife to the faculties, awaken them from floth and idlenefs, without putting them upon any labour or difficulty.

We might here add, that the pleafures of the fancy are more conducive to health than thofe of the understanding, which are worked out by dint of thinking, and attended with too violent a labour of the brain. Delightful fcenes, whether in nature, painting, or poetry, have a kindly influence on the body, as well as the mind, and not only ferve to clear and brighten the imagination, but are able to difperfe grief and melancholy, and to let the animal

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fpirits in pleafing and agreeable motions. For this reafon Sir Francis Bacon, in his Effay upon Health, has not thought it improper to prescribe to his reader a poem or a profpect, where he particularly diffuades him from knotty and fubtile difquifitions, and advifes him to pursue ftudies that fill the mind with fplendid and illuftrious objects, as hiftories, fables, and contemplations of

nature.

I have in this paper, by way of introduction, fettled the notion of those pleafures of the imagination which are the subject of my prefent undertaking; and endeavoured, by feveral confiderations, to recommend to my reader the pursuit of thofe pleafures. I fhall, in my next paper, examine the feveral fources from whence thefe pleasures are derived.

N° CCCCXII. MONDAY, JUNE 23.

DIVISUM SIC BREVE FIET OPUS.

MART. EP. LXXXIII. LIB. 4.

THE WORK, DIVIDED APTLY, SHORTER GROWS.

Shall first confider thofe pleasures of

the actual view and furvey of outward objects: and thefe, I think, all proceed from the fight of what is great, uncommon, or beautiful. There may, indeed, be fomething fo terrible or offenfive, that the horror or loathfomeness of an object may overbear the pleasure which refults from it's greatnefs, novelty, or beauty; bat fill there will be fuch a mixture of delight in the very difguft it gives us, as any of these three qualifications are moit confpicuous and prevailing.

By greatness I do not only mean the bulk of any fingle object, but the large nefs of a whole view, confidered as one entire piece. Such are the profpects of an open champaign country, a vast uncultivated defart, of huge heaps of mounttains, high rocks and precipices, or a wide expanfe of waters, where we are not ftruck with the novelty or beauty of the fight, but with that rude kind of magnificence which appears in many of thefe ftupendous works of nature. Our imagination loves to be filled with an object, or to grafp at any thing that is too big for it's capacity. We are flung into a pleafing aftonishment at fuch un

bounded views, and feel a delightful

the apprehenfions of them. The mind of man naturally hates every thing that looks like a restraint upon it, and is apt to fancy itself under a fort of confinement, when the fight is pent up in a narrow compafs, and thortened on every fide by the neighbourhood of walls of mountains. On the contrary, a fpacious horizon is an image of liberty, where the eye das room to range abroad, to expatiate at large on the immenfity of it's views, and to lofe itself amidit the variety of objects that offer themselves to it's obfervation, Such wide and undetermined profpe&ts are as pleafing to the fancy, as the fpeculations of eternity or infinitude are to the understanding. But if there be a beauty or uncommonnefs joined with this grandeur, as in the troubled ocean, a heaven adorned with stars and meteors, or a spacious landfkip cut out into rivers, woods, rocks, and meadows, the pleafure ftill grows upon us, as it arifes from more than a fingle principle.

Every thing that is new or uncommon raifes a pleasure in the imagination, because it fills the foul with an agreeS M

able

able furprize, gratifies it's curiofity, and gives it an idea of which it was not before poffefed. We are indeed fo often converfant with one fet of objects, and tired out with fo many repeated fhows of the fame things, that whatever is new or uncommon contributes a little to vary human life, and to divert our minds, for a while, with the ftrangeness of it's appearance: it ferves us for a kind of refreshment, and takes off from that fatiety we are apt to complain of in our ufual and ordinary entertainments. It is this that beftows charms on a mon

fter, and makes even the imperfections of nature pleafe us. It is this that recommends variety, where the mind is every instant called off to fomething new, and the attention not fuffered to dwell too long, and waste itself on any particular object. It is this, likewife, that improves what is great or beautiful, and makes it afford the mind a double entertainment. Groves, fields, and meadows, are at any feafon of the year pleafant to look upon, but never fo much as in the opening of the spring, when they are all new and fresh, with their first glofs upon them, and not yet too much accustomed and familiar to the eye. For this reafon there is nothing that more enlivens a profpect than rivers, jetteaus, or falls of water, where the fcene is perpetually fhifting, and entertaining the Tight every moment with fomething that is new. We are quickly tired with looking upon hills and valleys, where every thing continues fixed and settled in the iame place and pofture, but find our thoughts a little agitated and relieved at the fight of fuch objects as are ever in motion, and siding away from beneath the eye of the beholder.

But there is nothing that makes it's way more directly to the foul than beauty, which immediately diffufes a fecret fatisfaction and complacency through the imagination, and gives a finishing to any thing that is great or uncommon. The very firft difcovery of it ftrikes the mind with an inward joy, and spreads a chearfulness and delight through all it's faculties. There is not perhaps any real beauty or deformity more in one piece of matter than another, because we might have been fo made, that whatsoever now appears loathfome to us, might have fhewn itself agreeable; but we find by experience that there are feveral modifications of matter which the mind,

without any previous confideration, pro nounces at first fight beautiful or deformed. Thus we fee that every different fpecies of fenfible creatures has it's different notions of beauty, and that each of them is moft affected with the beauties of it's own kind. This is no where more remarkable than in birds of the fame fhape and proportion, where we often fee the male determined in his courtship by the fingle grain or tincture of a feather, and never difcovering any charms but in the colour of it's fpecies.

Connubii leges; non illum in peɛtore cander Scit thalamo fervare fidem, fanétafque 'veretur Sollicitat niveus; neque pravum accendit amo

rem

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fanda.

Hinc Merula in nigro se oble&at nigramarito, Hinc focium lafciva petit philomela canorum, Agnofcitque pares fonitus, binc noctua tetram Canitiem alarum, et glaucos miratur ocellos. Nempe fibi femper conftat, crefcitque quotannis Lucida progenies, caftos confeffa parentes; Dum virides inter faltus lucofque fonoros Sere novo exultat, plumasque decora juventus Explicat ad folem, patriifque coloribus ardet. The feather'd husband, to his partner true, Preferves connubial rites inviolate. With cold indifference every charm he fees, The fhining down, proud creft and purple The milky whiteness of the ftately neck,

wings:

But cautious with a fearching eye explores, The female tribes, his proper mate to find, With kindred colours mark'd: did he not so, The grove with painted monsters would abound,

Th' ambiguous product of unnatural love. The black-bird hence felects her footy spouse; The nightingale her musical compeer,

Lur'd by the well-known voice: the bird of

Smit with his dulky wings and greenish eyes,
night,
Wooes his dun paramour. The beauteous race
Speak the chatte loves of their progenitors;
When, by the fpring invited, they exult
In woods and fields, and to the fun unfold
Their plumes, that with paternal colours glow.

There is a fecond kind of beauty that we find in the feveral products of art and nature, which does not work in the imagination with that warmth and vio

Jence

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