AUTHORITY, defined, 218; as affect-
ing conduct, 219 foll.; the meaning
of law, 223; authority of the
church, 225; of public opinion,
228; of great men, 229; moral
basis of all authority, 232; the
conscience, 233.

Beck, J. W., on Valerius Probus,
146 n., 169 n.

Caesar, as a statesman, Madvig's
judgement of, 18; as an orator, 64,
105; as a writer on grammar,
148, 161.

Carlyle, his liberalism, 220; his
dislike of science, 239.
Cato the elder as writer of prose, 95;
copied by Sallust, 107.
Christianity, reason of its success,
226.
Churches, their influence on morals,
225; church and state, 226; in-
fluence on speculation, 228.
Cicero, as a literary critic of Roman
poetry, 54; of oratorical prose, 57;
of historians, 67; his merits, 68;
his principles rejected in the early
empire, 72, 76, 87; accepted by
Quintilian, 85, 114 n.; the esti-
mate of Tacitus, 88; as a writer
of prose, 103; copied by Pliny
the younger, 114 n.
Cornificius on rhetoric, 107.

Declamatio, 112.

Dialogus de Oratoribus, see Tacitus.
Dionysius as literary critic, 48;

borrowed from the same source as
Quintilian, 80.

Domitian, attitude to literature, 133.

Education, classical, English views
of, 175; confusion of ideas as to,
183; education in Greece and
Rome, 208; rhetorical character,
112; prominence of Greek and
Latin in modern education, 214;
advantages of this, 216, 237; place
of science, 238.

Ennius, saturae of, 27; Cicero's ver-
dict, 56.

Examinations, merits and defects of,
180, 189.

Fronto as literary critic, 91.

Gracchus, C., as writer of prose, 99.
Grammar, Latin, 145; recent writers
upon, 146; Varro, 147; Caesar,
148; Remmius Palaemon, 149;
Pliny, 150; fragments of Verrius'
de Orthographia preserved by
Quintilian, &c., 151; fragments of
Pliny's Dubii Sermonis preserved
by Quintilian, 158; the Ars
Grammatica of Remmius, 163;
used by Quintilian, 165; the Silva
of Probus, 169; later grammma-
rians, 170; position of grammar
in the first century A.D., 171.
Greek influence on Latin literature,
on the satura, 41; on oratory,
98, 103, 105.

Horace on Lucilius, 34; the Satires,

36; Greek original of the Ars
Poetica, 48, 54, 70; his literary
criticism, 69; revolt against Varro,
72.

Juvenal, rhetorical power, 39; an-
cient lives of, 118; dates of his
writings on internal evidence, 121;
friendship with Martial, 123; pa-
rallels in their writings, 124 foll.;
dates proved by such parallels,
131; date of satire vii, 132;
banishment, 134; social sur-
roundings, 135; rhetorical over-
colouring, 139; contrasted with
Petronius, 142; style copied from
Vergil, 143.

Law, authority of in recent times,
223.

Liberalism in England, Mill, Carlyle,

220; its attitude to law, 223.
Literary criticism in Greece, 46;
Dionysius, 48; in Italy, 49;
scholastic tendency to canons, 50,
84; Varro, 51; Cicero, 54; his
comparisons of literature, painting,
and sculpture, 55; his criticism
of oratorical prose, 57; of indi-
vidual orators, 61; of historians,
67; Horace, 69; Ovid, 73; Pet-
ronius, 75; the Ciceronians of the
empire, Quintilian, 77; Tacitus,
86; Fronto, 91.

Literature, present conflict with
science, 236; attitude of Carlyle
and Ruskin, 240; true nature of
literature, 243.

Livy, Madvig on, 11, 18; as a
writer of prose, 108; his Pata-
vinitas, 109.

Lucilius, saturae of, 28; literary
value, 28; Horace's judgement, 34.

Madvig, life, 2-4; self-taught, 5;

on Apuleius, 6; the de Finibus, 8;
Latin Grammar, 10; Livy, 11;
the Adversaria, 12; on the Roman
constitution, 15; on Caesar, 18;
compared with Mommsen, 21.
Martial, friendship with Juvenal, 123;
parallels in their writings, 124
foll.

Media aetas, 118n.

Mommsen, Th., legal training, 2, 5;
his Staatsrecht, 16; compared
with Madvig, 21.
Morality and literature, 191; and
art, 195; and knowledge, 197;
novels, Zola, Thackeray, Dickens;
201; Tolstoi, 205.

Neoptolemus, copied by Horace
(Ars Poetica), 48, 54.

Nonius Marcellus embodies Pliny,
162; and Probus, 170.

Oratory, identified with literary edu-
cation by Cicero, 67, 105; and
by Quintilian, 77; in the Cicero-
nian age and the empire, 87,

IIO.

Ovid, as literary critic, 73.

Palaemon (grammarian), see Rem-
mius.

Patavinitas of Livy, 109.

Persius, parodied by Petronius, 75;
obscurity of, 114.

Petronius, literary estimate of, 38;
his criticisms of Lucan and Per-
sius, 75; contrasted with Juvenal,
142.

Pliny (the elder), as a grammarian,

150; his Dubii Sermonis partly
preserved in Quintilian, 158; why
disliked by philosophers (H. N.
praef. 28), 161; its sources and
contents, 161; used by Nonius
and later grammarians, 162, 170.
Pliny (the younger), copied the style
of Cicero, 114 n.

Pomponius Marcellus, grammarian,
148.

Probus (Valerius, of Berytus), gram-
marian, 150; his Silva, view of
Dr. Beck, 169 n.; fragments pre-
served by Nonius, 170.
Prose, development of Latin, 93;
origins, 94; Cato, 95; Scipio, 98;
C. Gracchus, 99; L. Licinius
Crassus (died 91 B.C.), 102;
Cicero, 103; Caesar, 105; Sal-
lust, 107; Livy, 108; the end of
periodic prose and change to
abrupt sententious style, 110; rea-
sons for the change, 111; effect
of declamatio, 112, Tacitus, 115.

Quintilian, 55; as literary critic, 77;
source of his criticisms on Greek
writers, 79; compared with that
of Dionysius, 80; his criticisms
on Latin writers, 84; his admira-
tion for Cicero, 85, 114; opinion
of Sallust, 108; teacher of Pliny
and Tacitus, 114n.; as a gram-
marian used Verrius' de Ortho-
graphia, 152; used Pliny's Dubii
Sermonis, 158; used Remmius
Palaemon, 166.

Remmius Palaemon, grammarian,
149; his Ars Grammatica, 163;
partly preserved in Quintilian, 166;
its contents, 168.

Research contrasted with education,
173; divorce of the two in Eng-
land, 174; results of the examina-
tion system, 180; isolation of
learned men in England, 182;
reforms, 186.

Rome in the first century A.D., 135;
how far described fairly by Ju-
venal, 139.

175; at schools, 177; at Univer-
sities, 178; ways of reform, 186.
Schools in England, 176, 187: sug-
gested reforms in teaching scholar-
ship, 186.

Science, conflict with literature in
the present day, 236; place in
education, 237.

Tacitus as a literary critic, the
Dialogus, 86; compared with the
Brutus, 90; style of the Dialogus,
114 n.; of his historical works,
115.
Terentius Scaurus, quotes largely
from Verrius, 151.

Varro (Terentius), saturae of, 35,52;
as a literary critic, 51; his de
Poematis, 53; disliked by Horace,
52, 72; his grammatical treatises,
147; whether used by Quintilian,
151, 157, 159; their character,
157; used by Pliny, 161.

Velius Longus, quotes largely from
Verrius, 151.

Vergil, influence on literature of the
empire, 73; influence on Juvenal,
153; the Aeneid, 247.
Verrius Flaccus, 148; part of his
de Orthographia preserved by Te-
rentius Scaurus, Velius Longus,
and Quintilian, 151; character of
that work, 157; used by Pliny,
161.