SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SCHOOLS AND SUMMER CAMPS CAMP FENIMORE-On Otsego Lake, Cooperstown, N. Y. For Boys and Girls of 7 to 12 years A small, exclusive camp for children from cultured Christian homes. Mrs. CLIFFORD A. BRAIDER, 457 Mt. Prospect Ave., Newark, N. J. Country Home and School for Young Children Summer and winter sessions. TREE-TOPS TUTORING SCHOOL BOOTHBAY HARBOR, ME., July 16-Sept. 15 Preparation for fall examinations by trained specialists. Pupils 100% successful fall 1922. Miss Marion W. Anderson, B.S., 41 Hawthorne St., Cambridge, Mass. MASSACHUSETTS MASSACHUSETTS, Cambridge, 48 Quincy Street. NEW CHURCH THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL Est. 1866. 3-year course. College preparation desired. Restatement (in Swedenborg) of Christian theology. Spiritual interpretation of the Scriptures. Correspondence courses. Catalog. WILLIAM L. WORCESTER, President. DEAN ACADEMY, Franklin, Mass. 257th Year. Young men and young women find here a homelike atmosphere, thorough and efficient training in every department of a broad culture, a loyal and helpful school spirit. Liberal endowment permits liberal terms, $400 to $500 per year. Special course in domestic science. For catalogue and inforination address, ARTHUR W. PEIRCE, Litt.D., Headmaster WALNUT HILL SCHOOL 23 Highland St., Natick, Mass. A College Preparatory School for Girls. 17 miles from Boston. Miss Conant, Miss Bigelow, Principals. BOYS' CAMPS CAMP ST. LAWRENCE On the St. Lawrence River To which every boyvi return. All land and sports. Camping cru the Thousand Islands cial tutoring if desired. I illustrated booklet address H. B. HUTCHINS, Stone School, Cornwall-on-Hudson, N.I. FOR The Pratt Teachers Agency BIRCHMONT CAMPS ADULTS 70 Fifth Avenue, New York Recommends teachers to colleges, public and private schools. Advises parents about schools. Wm. O. Pratt, Mgr. UNIVERSITY of MEXICO MEXICO CITY SHORT-STORY WRITING Spanish Summer School for Foreigners A practical forty-lesson course in the writing and marketing of the Short-Story taught by Dr. J. Berg Esenwein, Editor of The Writer's Monthly. Dr. Esenwein 150 page catalog free. Please address: THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. 58 Springfield, Mass. NEW YORK 152 Stewart Ave. St. Paul's Garden City, L. L., N. Y. Episcopal boarding school for boys. College preparatory course (4 years) for boys who have finished Grammar School. Candidates for admission to college are prepared to take examinations set by College Entrance Examination Board. Junior Dept. covering grades 5 to 8. Boys of ten admitted. Gymnasium, pool, and facilities for all athletics. Leagues in addition to varsity teams giving athletic instruction on teams to every pupil. Chapel, resident chaplain, nurse. Rate $1,200. Every boy has private room. 40 min. from N. Y. City. July 5th to August 17th, 1923 Spanish grammar, composition, conversa- Archæology, Geography, History and In- Commercial correspondence and Methods. Excursions to places of historical and artistic interest. Delightfully cool climate (average for July 63° Fr.; altitude 7,500 feet). 50% discount on railroad fares from the border and back. Average expenses per day, 2.50-4 dollars. Catalogue on request. For further par ticulars address Departamento de Intercambio, Universidad Nacional. FRENCH SUMMER SCHOOL MCGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL, QUE. July 3d to 31st, 1923 Thoroughly French atmosphere. French only spoken. Instruction in reading, pronunciation, composition, literature. Write for circular to the SECRETARY, FRENCH SUMMER SCHOOL, MCGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL, QUE. BOYS' CAMPS Yacht Naomi-St. Lawrence Cruising Camp for Boys 2d year. Cruising on large powerful yacht-camping on shore-inland trip. Hudson River, Lake Champlain, St. Lawrence and Saguenay Rivers. Visiting Montreal and Quebec. Complete equipment, excellent food, experienced leaders, perfect safety. Boys 10-16. Rate $250. Leave New York July 1-return September 2. Booklet. BOX 242, SEWAREN, N. J. CHENANGO-ON-OTSEGO FOR BOYS 6 to 15 years. Cooperstown, N. Y. On beautiful Otsego Lake. All sports that a boy likes. Expert supervision and leadership. Horseback riding, manual training, nature lore. Woodcraft. 10th season. Personal interview-Hotel McAlpin. N. Y. City. A. D. LOVELAND, 251 Maple St, Brooklyn, N. Y. EAST WOLFEBORO, N. H. 80 acres in pines on beautiful lake. White Mts. region. Tats cabins. Supplies from camp farm. 60-mile view. Carefully selected group. Illustrated booklet. Until June 15 add H. S. HEMENWAY, 56 Eastbourne Rd., Newton Center, Mam CAMP WAKE ROBIN 19th SEASON YOUNGER BOYS EXCLUSIVELY Woodcraft, nature lore, manual training, all sports and swi ming. H. O. LITTLE, Lincoln High School, Jersey City, N.J PISCATAQUIS FOR BOYS 12 TO 18 Lobster Lake, Me., via North East Cany EUGENE HAYDEN, DIRECTOR Come with us this summer for a real vacation, on th most beautiful lake in the State of Maine. You will hav the finest trout fishing, plenty of good food with a 250 mile canoe trip down the Allegash River. For booklet address H. J. STORER, Sec'y, 74 Fayette St., Cambridge, Mas CAMP WONPOSET A camp for young boys in the Berkshires. 100 miles fro New York City. Everything a boy can wish for. Write fo camp book. ROBERT C. TINDALE, 31 East 71st St., New York City. Ocean Camp for Boys on the Maine Coas Beautiful location, trained councilors. GIRLS' CAMPS Chatham Woods Camp SOUTH CHATHAM, N. H. (For Nearest camp to the White Mts. Situated on bean tiful lake. For girls who enjoy real camping trips long canoe trips, horseback riding. Booklet. KATHARINE L. BISHOP, Director. EAGLE'S NEST CAMP FOR GIRLS WAYNESVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA Sound fun. Wise care. Good food. Woodsy trips. Riding swimming, sketching, French, athletics, crafts. Seniors juniors, 9 weeks, $300. No extras. Mrs. FREDERIC MYERS, JR., 620 E. 40th St., Savannah, Ga CAMP MINNETONKA LAKE WOODBURY MAINE WOODS An ideal girls' camp. Great sports. Good times. Booklet. Director, Gertrude C. Arnold, 1103-0 Harrison St., Philadelphia Camp of Happiness 7 years on beautiful lake in Pocono Mts., 2,000 ft. above sea level. Every camp activity. Horseback riding, arts and crafts, tutoring. Resident trained nurse. Tent houses. Cantral cabins. Carefully selected girls given personal care in developing health and character. Limit 50 srs., 25 jrs. Booklet, Mrs.E. M. Paxson, Guardian, 6327 Lancaster Ave..Overbrook, Pa NAME and ADDRESS ON ZOO The vogue for personal and semi- Add 10f west of Denver YOU CAN SLEEP after sunrise, on your sleeping porch. camping, if you wear a B. K. B. It comfortably over the eyes, will not fall off, and induces as well as prolongs sleep Sent postpaid for 50 cents. 5 for $2. Pat. Dec, 17, 1912. NIGHT MFG. CO., 5 Harvard Sq., Cambridge, Mass JOH Benedict Arnold and Barbless Hooks 833 A Builder and What He Built: A The Twenty-second International Ex- hibition of Paintings at Carnegie In the best sense, there is no bath- Because of utility and lasting attractive- ness, Tiles are accepted as the proper thing. The Tiled bathroom LOOKS its cleanliness. No upkeep-no outlay for refinishing or resurfacing. First cost is the last. Count- Tiles afford unlimited freedom of design, patterns, color combination. Each instal- lation as distinctive as desired. Consult your architect and dealer about Tiles, or write to The Associated Tile Manufacturers A Resort Hotel of Distinctive Superiority Two Exceptional 18-Hole Golf Courses C. S. KROM, Manager. On The New Jersey Tour, Address all communications to A Road of Never-Ending Delight." The insidious thing about halitosis (the medical name for unpleasant breath) is that you, yourself, rarely know when you have it. And even your closest friends won't tell you. Sometimes, of course, halitosis comes from some deep-seated organic disorder that requires professional advice. But usuallyand fortunately-halitosis is only a local condition that yields to the regular use of Listerine as a mouth-wash and gargle. This halts food fermentation in the mouth and leaves the breath sweet, fresh and clean. So the systematic use of Listerine this way puts you on the safe and polite side. You know your breath is right. Fastidious people everywhere are making it a regular part of their daily routine. Your druggist will supply you with Listerine. He sells lots of it. It has dozens of different uses as a safe antiseptic and has been trusted as such for half a century. Read the interesting booklet that comes with every bottle.Lambert Pharmacal Company, Saint Louis, U. S. A. 300 THE RISE OF CANADIAN FARMERS TO POLITICAL POWER T HE rise of the farmer to political power has been one of the most remarkable features of recent Canadian history. Four out of the nine provinces have farmer Premiers and farmer Governments. At the last Dominion election sixty-four farmers were elected to the federal House of Commons out of a total membership of 235. The movement for recognition began with a meeting of eleven farmers at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, in 1901. They organized to fight the elevator combine that charged farmers excessive dockage, short-weighted them, and depressed hi grain prices. Mr. W. R. Motherwell, who presided at that first meeting of farmers, is to-day Dominion Minister of Agriculture. The farmers formed the Territorial Grain Growers Association, composed of Saskatchewan farmers, and elected Mr. Motherwell President. The movement rallied thousands of enthusiasts. Manitoba grain growers in 1903 formed the Manitoba Grain Growers Association and joined forces with the Saskatchewan organization. The farmers realized they must learn all about grain marketing if they were to succeed in their fight. They organized the Grain Growers Company in 1906, bought a membership on the Winnipeg Exchange, and opened an office in Winnipeg. They marketed only five per cent of the grain crop of western Canada in 1907. Last year they marketed thirty-three per cent. They began the fight for Government-owned country elevators in 1907, and won it in 1911, when, 3 with the aid of the provincial Government, the Saskatchewan farmers let contracts for the construction of forty elevators. Now they own great terminal elevators on Lake Superior. The great organizations in which the Canadian 7 farmers are now united are the United Grain Growers, an amalgamation of Manitoba and Alberta farmers; the United Grain Growers Company, Ltd.; I the Saskatchewan Grain Growers; and the United Farmers of Ontario. They #form the greatest co-operative association in the world, and their organization V deals in every commodity essential to farm economy. The rise to political power has been recent. Ontario was the first province to return a farmer Government, electing Ernest Drury, head of the United Farmers of Ontario, as Premier in 1920. MAY 9, 1923 THE HON. W. B. MOTHERWELL Alberta followed in 1921 with a farmer Government headed by Herbert Greenfield, President of the United Farmers of Alberta. Manitoba and Saskatchewan fell in line with the other two in 1922, the former electing John Bracken as Premier and the latter Charles A. Dunning.. William R. Motherwell, Dominion Minister of Agriculture, has been the leader in the farmers' fight for recognition. He stands behind the movement body and soul. He has been a farmer all his life. He homesteaded in Saskatchewan in 1882. He used oxen on his farm the first ten years, and for more than five years did not own a binder. His original home was a log cabin, and it served the purpose for the first fifteen years. "One thing," said Mr. Motherwell recently, "stands out significantly in the story of the movement that has given the farmer a new position in the political and economic life of the nation. That is the steadfast help given continually by the Canadian Government. By just laws, direct financial aid, agricultural colleges, and campaigns of education the Government has helped the farmer to help himself." not from the Department itself, but from leading business, educational, and research institutions. The purpose of it is to furnish a basis on which farmers may intelligently readjust their production programme. Foreign demand for American farm products will not be as heavy in 1923 as it was in 1922, says the report. The piling up of government debts on the Continent of Europe, the disorganized condition of exchange and currency, the uncertain situation of business, and industrial stagnation in the Ruhr combine to indicate that Europe will not be able to buy as heavily in the United States as last year. Some favorable factors, however, are pointed out. The United States has been buying more liberally in South America, Asia, Africa, and Australia, enabling those countries to spend more money in Europe, a part of which, the Committee thinks, will come to the United States in exchange for foodstuffs. The Committee points out, however, that the only possibility of an important increase in purchasing power lies in the ability of Europe to expand its manufactured exports. This leads the Committee to state that it is of vital interest to the United States to give all the aid it can to settlement of the reparations and other European problems. The picture of domestic demand is somewhat brighter than the other, but a large element of doubt is suggested. So long as the present prosperous condition of business continues, with full employment, domestic demand will be good. The Committee is not willing to predict, however, for a period longer than six to nine months in the future. A business slump at the end of that period, with a falling off in domestic demand, is intimated. Farm production in the United States, the Committee thinks, will certainly be as large as last year, probably somewhat larger. This opinion is based largely on a survey recently completed by the De\partment of Agriculture of intended plantings throughout the country. Food production will increase also in a number of European countries; and American farm products, it is said, will certainly meet with as severe competition as they did last year, when it was impossible to sell them in Europe without great price reductions. The report is bluest in its forecast where it touches wheat. The large exports of the past two years cannot be expected to continue. Eastern Europe is coming back as a wheat exporter.and the countries of western Europe are trying to put their wheat production on a pre-war basis. This, as the Committee sees it, makes inevitable a reduction of our wheat exports. It is strongly intimated that American farmers would do well to reduce their wheat acreage. The outlook for corn and hogs is pictured as hardly less gloomy. Decided depression of the price of hogs is looked for next fall and winter. A surplus of six million hogs and a quarter of a billion pounds of stored pork products must be absorbed. Of all American crops, cotton apparently has the most favorable outlook. The carry-over on July 31 this year will be only 1,148,000 bales as compared with 2,832,000 last year, 6,534,000 in 1921, and 4,287,000 in 1920. World consumption of American cotton is increasing. An increase of twelve per cent in contemplated plantings this year is, apparently, not regarded as alarming. the The Committee believes that United States is about to plant entirely too much tobacco. The planting survey indicates an acreage fifty-five per cent greater than the average for the five years before the war. War conditions, so far as they affected tobacco, are said to have ended, and the 1923 crop will face an inelastic demand. The first impression of the report is that it is too gloomy. It must be remembered, however, that there were represented on the Committee such educational institutions as Harvard and Yale; such financial institutions as the National City Bank of New York; such research institutions as the National Bureau of Economic Research; such industrial concerns as Armour & Co.; such producers' organizations as the American Farm Bureau Federation; three branches of the Federal Governmentthe Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce, and the Federal Reserve Board. Not all of them are likely to have an undue quantity of indigo in their eyes at the same time. THE SALE OF LIQUOR ON SHIPS THE HE decision of the United States Supreme Court, handed down on April 30, is an interpretation of the Volstead Law as it relates to the sale and carrying of alcoholic beverages on the high seas or in American ports. In part it upholds the decision of Judge Hand, of the Federal Court in New York, by affirming the right of Congress to regulate under the Prohibition Act the use or carrying of liquor, whether by foreign or American ships, in American waters and American ports. On the other hand, it reverses the decision of Judge Hand which held that the act prohibited the serving of liquors on American vessels on the high seas. Put concretely, the Supreme Court holds that American vessels may under the act carry and serve liquor beyond the three-mile limit, but that neither American nor foreign vessels may bring or keep liquor within the three-mile limit whether it is sealed or not. The decision was read by Justice Van Devanter and was a majority opinion, with dissenting opinions by Justices Sutherland and McReynolds. The decision of the Court does not affect the perfect right of Congress to change the provisions regarding the use and carrying of liquor at sea, if it sees fit, by amendment to the Volstead Act. The questions involved are not those of the constitutionality of the Amendment, but of the meaning and legal effect of these provisions of the Volstead Act involved in this question. The decision defines broadly the meaning of the term "territory" in the act as "the regional areas-of land and adjacent waters-over which the United States claims and exercises dominion and control as a sovereign power." In other words, as the Court says, the field of jurisdiction as regards territory coincides exactly with that of the Eighteenth Amendment. The single exception is as regards the Panama Canal Zone, and that is because of a special clause in the act dealing with the transit of liquor on either foreign or domestic ships through the Panama Canal or on the Panama Railway. As to the contention that a merchant ship on the high seas is a part of the territory of the country whose flag she flies, the Supreme Court's decision says that this is "a figure of speech, a metaphor," and so far as it is true, it partakes more of "personal than of territorial sovereignty." As to the control of foreign ships in American ports or waters, the Supreme Court quotes the dictum of Chief Justice Marshall that "the jurisdiction of the nation within its own territory is necessary, exclusive, and absolute. It is susceptible of no limitation not imposed by itself." Justice Sutherland dissents from this position as to foreign vessels, but unless the present majority decision is at some later time reversed, which is quite improbable, the definition and principles it propounds will hold good. Interest has been shown as to the effect of this decision upon the vessels controlled by the United States Shipping Board. It will be remembered that the selling of liquor on these Governmentowned vessels was discontinued by the Chairman of the Shipping Board, Mr. Lasker, last October, on the direct order of President Harding. It would now legally become possible on the high seas, but Chairman Lasker intimates that no attempt will be made to exercise this privilege unless instructions from the President are issued. There is a pretty general feeling that, without regard to legal technicalities, there is a certain moral and social impropriety in officers of the Government carrying on in Government-owned ships a practice which by the Constitution and National legislation is forbidden everywhere in the territory of the United States. From the practical point of view it is difficult to see how either foreign-owned or American-owned passenger ships can make any use of their legal privilege of selling liquor on the high seas. If they stock up with liquor in foreign ports, they must either sell it all before they reach our three-mile limit, or cast overboard what remains, or, as has been humorously suggested, "park" or "check" their surplus liquor in vessels waiting for that purpose just outside the threemile limit. THE DOCTORS HAVE A "DRIVE" INCE the war there have been so concerted efforts to raise money for education and philanthropic organizations-efforts popularly known as "drives"-that The Outlook had about decided to give its readers and their pocketbooks a rest. Colleges, churches, hospitals; societies of political reform; societies for the relief of starving foreign children; societies for the enforcement of prohibition; societies for the abolition of prohibition; societies for the codification of law and simplification of criminal procedure; societies for rescuing the down-and-outers; societies for the preservation of parks and natural scenery; societies for the promotion of censorship; societies for the promotion of free speech and free printing; and other committees galore, have besought the public for contributions. So far as we recall, the doctors of New York, who as a body probably do more self-sacrific ing and useful philanthropy than any other body of citizens, have asked for nothing until this spring. They have just concluded a "drive," not to the general public, but among their own colleagues, in behalf of the New York Academy of Medicine. This institution deserves the appre ciation and the support of the laity. It is seventy-six years old, and during that time has been maintained solely at the expense of its fellows or professional members. Its function is "the advance ment of the science and art of medicine, the maintenance of a public medical library, and the promotion of public health." It attracts to its general meet |