Indomita cervice feros, ubicunque locorum 35 produced a misunderstanding and ignorance of human affairs generally, which, to prosper, require concord.-35. Indigni — foedus, 'who are unworthy to break your league as brothers; that is, who must not break your close friendship. EPISTOLA IV. AD ALBIUM TIBULLUM. A FRIENDLY note to the poet Albius Tibullus, whose elegies we still have. Horace and he had served together in the campaign of Philippi. ALBI, nostrorum sermonum candide judex, Quid nunc te dicam facere in regione Pedana? 5 10 15 1. Sermonum; that is, the satires. Horace calls them sermores, not thinking them poems. See Satires, ii. 6, 17.-2. In regione Pedana. It appears that Tibullus had an estate near the town of Pedum, between Praeneste and Tibur.-3. Cassius Parmensis was distinguished as an elegist, but none of his poetry is extant.-6. Sine pectore; that is, without a soul, without taste and talent.-8. Nutricula. Nurses wish for their nurslings every possible good; they could not wish for thee anything more than thou hast; therefore enjoy thy good things.-13. Omnem supremum; that is, as each day dawns, as the diluculum comes, believe that day to be thy last, and enjoy it accordingly.-15. The sense is: I at least act according to this principle, following the tenets of Epicurus. I pay due attention to my body (curata cute; compare i. 2, 29), and am fat and sleek, so that I may well be called a pig of Epicurus's herd. EPISTOLA VI. AD NUMICIUM. PHILOSOPHICAL observations on the Stoic principle, nihil admirari — that is, to esteem nothing so highly that we must either obtain it or flee from the sight of it. Obedience to this rule produces that freedom from all passion which is the chief requisite to the attainment of a listless happy life. The epistle is addressed to Numicius, a young man otherwise quite unknown. NIL admirari prope res est una, Numici, I nunc, argentum et marmor vetus aeraque et artes 5 10 15 3. Decedentia certis tempora momentis, the seasons which change according to fixed motions (momentis = movimentis) of the planets.' The idea is: many men observe the heavens without being seized with any superstitious fear, but a glance at earthly things fills them with passion.-5. Properly the connection should be Quid? Quo modo spectanda esse credis munera terrae, etc.?-6. Maris, scil. munera; namely, pearls, which came from India by Arabia. Compare Carm. i. 29, 1, and iii. 24, 2.-7. Ludicra = ludi publici. Dona amici Quiritis; that is, offices of honour. Quiritis, singular collectively for Quiritium.-9-14. The poet shows that the fear of misfortune is as bad as the striving after wealth and fame. The term mirari or admirari includes both states of mind, and they both produce pavor; a restlessness and indecision, which prevents all true activity, and causes the torpor of line 14. His adversa; that is, poverty and disgrace. 12. Quid ad rem = nihil interest. 13. Spes and spero express 'expectation' merely, not necessarily hope.'-15. The sense is: a man must not strive even after virtue with too much eager. ness; otherwise, instead of wise he will be called mad, instead of just, unjust.-17. Marmor vetus aeraque, ancient statues of marble Suspice, cum gemmis Tyrios mirare colores; Mutus et indignum, quod sit pejoribus ortus Quidquid sub terra est, in apricum proferet aetas, Mille talenta rotundentur, totidem altera, porro et 20 25 30 35 and brass.' -18. Cum gemmis colores colores et gemmas. Colores is said for the cloth dyed.-19. Gaude-loquentem; that is, rejoice in the admiration which is excited by thy eloquence.-20. The poet speaks of the activity of the great landowner, who comes early in the morning to market to sell, and does not go home till late in the evening.-22. Mutus, a wealthy man, otherwise unknown. Indig. num ortus, a parenthetical remark, expressing the feeling of the man who wishes to outdo Mutus: it would be disgraceful, not to be tolerated, since he is of humbler descent than I.'-24. The idea is all thy external advantages will avail thee nothing; for as time brings to light what is concealed, so it conceals the glittering things of earth: thou must die. 26. Porticus Agrippae, a portico which Agrippa built in the year 25 B. C., and adorned with paintings, representing scenes from the Argonautic expedition: whence it was also called Porticus Argonautarum. It was a place where many lawyers lived; hence the sense is: although thou hast been known as an eloquent man, and one learned in the law (see line 19.) The Appian road, leading from Rome to Capua, was the place where wealthy people used to drive out for pleasure, and hence this refers to the man of line 20.-31. Hoc age; namely, ut virtutum pares. Virtutem-ligna. The sense is: if you consider virtue to be a mere name, and a grove to be nothing but a collection of trees, whilst in reality it contains a temple, with the statue of a god, which is the principal thing if this is your notion, then by all means strive after earthly advantages. —32. Ne portus occupet alter; that is, lest any other merchant sail into the harbours before thee, and preOccupy the market with his goods. 33. Negotia Cibyratica, the trade with Cibyra' (a town of Phrygia Major, famed for its manufacture of iron), and Bithyna, with the kingdom of Bithynia.' 34. Rotundentur = expleantur.-35. Quae pars quadret acervum ; Et genus et formam regina pecunia donat, 40 Qui possum tot?' ait, 'tamen et quaeram et quot habebo Mittam; post paullo scribit sibi milia quinque Esse domi chlamydum; partem vel tolleret omnes. 45 50 55 60 that is, as much as completes the heap of 4000 talents.-37. Regina, in apposition with pecunia, because money can procure all the good things just mentioned. -39. The kingdom of Cappadocia, over which, in Horace's time, Archelaus ruled, was very poor and over-populous.-40. The sense is: strive not thou to be as the king of Cappadocia, who is poor, but as Lucullus, who had so much that he did not know his own wealth.-48. Repetas, always take up,' or 'go to,' with reference to the daily return of the act. Compare line 20.49. Species et gratia, outward position and influence,' hence posts of honour.-50. Description of a nomenclator, a slave who accompanied his master when he went about to canvass for votes. - 52. The nomenclator's address to his master. Fabia and Velina are names of tribes.-53. Curule ebur = sellam curulem.-54. Frater, pater adde. The candidate is to address the influential persons by these names of respect and affection, and thus, as it were, to make them relations (adoptare.)-56. Lucet si lucet, 'as soon as day dawns.'-61. Lavemur, in order to excite appetite again. 62. Caerite cera digni; that is, deserving to be treated as the people of Caere were, who received the civitas sine suffragio, and consequently bore the burdens, without enjoying the privileges of citizenship. In the same way we should deserve to endure all the miseries of life, without its pleasures, which flow from virtue Digni, remigium vitiosum Ithacensis Ulixi, 65 alone.-63. Remigium, the abstract noun for the concrete remiges; Zumpt, 675. The remiges here are the companions of Ulysses, who, determined to have a good meal, killed the oxen of Helios, and thus brought upon themselves the greatest misfortunes. See Odyssey, xii. 297.- 65. Mimnermus of Colophon, a contemporary of Solon, and an elegiac poet. EPISTOLA VIII. AD CELSUM ALBINOVANUM. A NOTE to the Celsus mentioned in i. 3, 15. It contains inquiries regarding his health, and complaints about Horace's own state of mind. CELSO gaudere et bene rem gerere Albinovano = 10 15 2. Refer. As we say commonly valere aliquem jubeo, so here of the muse refer gaudere. Nero is Tiberius.3, Minantem, jocu larly pollicentem.-6. Longinquis longe alteque patentibus.-8. Aegrum, scil. animo, He was in a state when he could do nothing. 12. Ventosus, generally = vanus, vain;' here = levis, 'incon stant, restless.' Compare i. 19, 37.-14. Juveni; namely, Tibe |