an acc. like a Greek middle part. Cf. M. 237, a, Obs. 385-390. Subject thy writings to judicious criticism, and withhold them from early publication. Invita Minerva = adversante et repugnante natura (Cic. de Off. I. 31, 110), i. e. against the bent of thy nature. 388. Nostras (= meas.) 391-407. Be not ashamed of the office of a poet; poetry has been the great civilizer of mankind. 394. Dictus est. 396. Fuit, etc., "for this, of old, was accounted wisdom." 399. The laws of Solon were inscribed on wooden tablets. 403. Sortes, oracles. 404. Vitae, etc. H. alludes to the didactic and gnomic poetry of Hesiod, Solon, Theognis, Phocylides, and others. Gratia regum. Arion, Simonides, Anacreon, Pindar, and other lyric poets, enjoyed the favor of monarchs. 405. Ludus, plays, dramatic poetry. Dramatic pieces were first performed at the rural Dionysia, at the end of the labors of the year. 408-418. Good poetry demands a union of genius and laborious art. 409 sqq. Cf. Cic. pro Arch. VII. 15. 413. Puer (when) young. 417. Plague take the hindmost! Probably an exclamation of boys in their games. 419-437. Beware of critics who flatter. 422. Unctum — possit, who is disposed to set before thee something dainty (or a dainty banquet) in good style. 426. Cui, to any one. 430. Saliet- terram, he will leap and dance for joy, when the hero is successful; as he had before wept at his misfortunes. 438-452. The honest critic will advise the author to correct, and sometimes to rewrite his whole piece. Some of the faults are specified which call for criticism. 439. Negares. The conjunction si in the protasis is often omitted. 442. Vertere, to change and correct. 453-476. Horace is fond of a humorous ending after his graver moods; and he here concludes with a ludicrous picture of a mad poet. 453. Morbus regius, the jaundice. 457. Sublimis, with his head in the air. 458. Composition of auceps? 460. Non sit. Subj.

as imperative. On non instead of ne, see M. 456, Obs. 2; Z. 529, note, end. 462. An, but that. Prudens, on purpose. 463. Siculi poetae, i. e. Empedocles of Agrigentum. 465. Frigidus, in cold blood. Antithetical with ardentem. 467. "The construction of idem with the dat. is pure Greek, and occurs only in poetry, and even there very rarely.” Z. 704; M. 247, b, Obs. 8. One of the few spondaic lines in Horace. 472. Moverit, touched and profaned. 476. Hirudo, (like) a leech.

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.

This Index is intended to supply the deficiencies of the Lexicons in ordinary use, by presenting such facts or legends with regard to the different characters as are requisite to the understanding of Horace's allusions to them. It has not been thought necessary to insert names which can only be defined as belonging to "an unknown person."

Achilles, son of Peleus, king of the Myrmidones in Phthiōtis in Thessaly, and of Thetis, daughter of Nereus, the well-known hero of the Greeks in the Trojan war. According to legends which Horace follows, he was instructed by Chiron the Centaur. When he was nine years old, Calchas having declared that Troy could not be taken without his aid, his mother, who knew that the war would be fatal to him, disguised him as a maiden, and concealed him among the daughters of Lycomedes, king of Seyros. Ulysses discovered him by the following stratagem. Disguising himself as a pedlar, he visited the court laden with costly garments and ornaments, among which was a suit of armor and weapons. While the maidens were engrossed with the beautiful dresses and jewels, the young Achilles at once sprung to seize the arms and equipped himself with them. His sex thus betrayed, Ulysses carried him off to the war. For the details of his deeds at Troy, the student should be content with no authority short of the Iliad. Horace alludes to his love for the captive Briseis and his anger at Agamemnon for taking her from him, a wrath which is the theme of the Iliad, and which, by causing Achilles to withdraw from battle, postponed the fall of Troy and caused countless woes to the Greeks: to his untiring activity, his fierce courage, his hot temper and implacability: to his slaying Hector, and giving up his body to the prayers of Priam: to his healing Telephus, whom he had himself wounded (Propert. II. i. 63 ; Ov. Trist. I. i. 99 sq.): and to his being himself slain by Apollo, or by Paris with Apollo's aid.

Aeăcus, son of Jupiter and Aegina, king of Aegina, and famed for his justice, on account of which he was after his death made judge of the lower world. Aeaci genus (C. III. 19, 3), Peleus and Telamon (sons of Aeacus), Achilles (son of Peleus), Teucer and Ajax (sons of Telamon), and Neoptolemus (or Pyrrhus), son of Achilles.

Aesōpus Claudius, or Clodius, the great, impressive tragic actor, admired by Cicero. His son (Sat. II. iii. 239), the heir of his vast fortunes, melted in vinegar a pearl worth $40,000 and drank it for the whim of knowing how pearls would taste, and treated all his guests with the same kind of draught.

Afranius, a poet who flourished a. u. c. 660, who in his Latin comedies or fabulae togatae imitated Menander.

Agrippa, M. Vipsanius, the well-known general, friend and son-inlaw of Augustus. After he had been prætor and consul, he undertook the aedileship, the lowest of the curule offices, B. c. 33, to gratify the emperor. His munificence was extremely great in the erection and adornment of public buildings and the celebration of games on a splendid scale, and in large donations to the people. He was applauded in the theatre for the lavish costliness of his exhibitions. He built the Pantheon (so called), to which a porticus is attached, and also a portico in commemoration of the naval victories of Augustus, to which he gave the name Porticus Argonautarum: the latter is perhaps the one referred to Epp. 1. vi. 26. He had large estates in Sicily, probably given him by Augustus after his successes against Sextus Pompeius. Among other exploits, he reduced the Cantabrians B. c. 19.

Ajax, son of Telamon, after he was defeated by Ulysses in the contest for the armor of Achilles, was stricken with madness, in which he rushed from his tent and slaughtered the sheep of the Greek army, fancying they were his enemies, and at length put an end to his own life. Agamemnon refused him sepulture. He loved the Phrygian captive Tecmessa, who was given him as his prize.

Ajax, son of Oileus, was swift in pursuit (Iliad II. 527). He was destroyed by Athene on his return from Troy for having dragged Cassandra from her altar and violated her. Cf. Verg. Aen. I. 41, (Hom. Odys. IV. 499 sqq.)

Albinovānus, Celsus, (Epp. 1. iii. 15, viii.,) a companion and secretary of Tiberius Nero.

Albīnus, a rich usurer, whose son is called up to recite A. P. 327. Albius Tibullus, the celebrated elegiac poet (Carm. 1. 33, Epp. 1. iv.). Albutius, an unknown person, who poisoned his wife, and who (or another of the same name) was cruel to his slaves.

Alfenius Varus, a lawyer who was brought up as a shoemaker at Cremona, but became so eminent as to attain the consulship and a public funeral.

Ancus Marcius, fourth king of Rome, especially dear to the people (bonus Ancus, Lucretius after Ennius).

Antonius Musa, a celebrated physician, who restored Augustus to health by cold bathing and cooling drinks, but failed when he applied the same treatment to the young Marcellus.

Antonius Iūlus, son of the Triumvir and Fulvia, grew up in wealth and distinction in the court of Augustus. He wrote an epic poem in twelve books called Diomedea.

Aristius Fuscus, a man of wit, and a lover of the town-life; perhaps not disinclined to money-making, one of the vices of the day. He seems to have been among the dearest and most intimate friends of Horace.

Arrius, Quintus, a great spendthrift, whose two sons were notorious in the same way. They ate nightingales costing 600,000 sesterces a plate. Asteria, a fictitious name meaning "Star-maid," bright and fair as

a star.

Atreus killed the two sons of Thyestes and placed their flesh before their father at a banquet, who unwittingly partook of the horrid meal. The gods cursed Atreus and his house.

Aulon, a valley (avλv) in Calabria.

Bacchius and Bithus, famous gladiators, equal in age and daring, whose names were proverbial as a well-matched pair.

Bandusia, a fountain about six miles from Venusia, whose name Horace probably applies (Carm. III. xiii.) to a fountain of the river Digentia near his Sabine farm.

Bibaculus, C. Furius, a bombastic poet, who opened a poem on the Gallic war with the line

"Jupiter hibernas cana nive conspuit Alpes,"

whence the wits of Rome, or Horace himself, gave him "the fatal name of Alpinus." He wrote also, it is probable, an Aethiopis, containing the death of Memnon. He was very successful (but bitter) as an epigrammatist; perhaps Horace had been attacked by him.

Bithus. See Bacchius.

Bolanus, a quick-tempered fellow, who always spoke out what he thought of every one.

Cadmus and Harmonia were at last changed by Zeus into serpents and removed to Elysium.

Calvus, C. Licinius, an orator and poet, the friend of Catullus, with whose name his own is always associated. They were proverbial as the models of grace, sweetness, plaintiveness, and tenderness, though with lines occasionally hard and inharmonious.

Hor. 27

Canidia, a name applied by Horace to his former mistress Gratidia, a Neapolitan, in insulting reference to her gray hairs (canities capitis). Capitolīnus, Petillius, was tried for stealing a crown from the Jupiter of the Capitol, and only escaped condemnation because he was a friend of Caesar Octavianus.

Caprius, a low lawyer.

Cascellius, Aulus, a lawyer of great erudition.

Cassius Etruscus, a bad poet who wrote with great rapidity. Horace supposes him, in jest, to have written books enough to serve, with their cases, for his funeral pile.

Cassius Parmensis, (one of the assassins of Caesar,) a writer of some short but highly-finished elegies and epigrams, and of some tragedies, one of which was called Thyestes.

Catiēnus, an actor accustomed to perform the part of Deiphilus in the Iliona of Pacuvius. See Iliona.

Cervius. I. A slanderous prosecutor (Sat. 11. i. 47). II. An honest neighbor of Horace at his Sabine farm (Sat. II. vi. 77).

Chloe, a fictitious name (from xλón, the first light-green shoot of plants in spring), denoting tender youth.

Chloris, a fictitious name from xλwpós, also denoting the freshness of youth.

Chremes, a character in Terence, a rich and avaricious old man, cheated by his slaves. The name is derived from (χρέμω) χρέμπτομαι,

to clear one's throat.

Cicirrhus, a nickname from Kíkippos = ádekтpuúv, a crowing cock. Cinăra, probably the true name of a freedwoman loved by Horace. Claudius Nero, Tiberius, the step-son of Augustus, carefully educated, and not without military courage. He succeeded Augustus as emperor. In the latter years of his life he manifested great depravity. Cocceius Nerva, L., a friend of Antonius, and afterwards of Augustus. Corānus, a usurer, a scribe, or notary.

Crassus, M. Licinius, the triumvir, defeated and slain by the Parthians A. U. c. 700, with 20,000 men killed and 10,000 prisoners.

Crispinus, a loquacious, blear-eyed person, said to have written bad verses on the Stoic philosophy, and called åpɛraλóyos.

Damălis, the name of an imaginary personage, from the Greek déμαλις, a heifer," and by metonymy a young maiden."

66

66

Damocles, a Syracusan, having extolled the great felicity of the older Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, on account of his wealth and power, the monarch invited him to try what his happiness really was, and placed him at a magnificent banquet, in the midst of which Dame