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Strong and lively, the proper metre for appeal and encouragement, exhortation and admonition.

The first verse, beginning with a monosyllabic basis, consists of two halves; the third verse is the doubling of the first of those halves; the fourth verse is a pure refrain, combining the second halves of the two preceding kinds of verse. The Alcaic strophe, then, is like a composition in which a musical thought, after it has impressed itself upon the ear by repetition, is resolved into its elements and further carried out.

Horace employs this metre more than any other, and it is hence often called the Horatian stanza. (I. 9, 16, 17, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 37; II. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20; III. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 17, 21, 23, 26, 29; IV. 4, 9, 14, 15.)

IX. The first Archilochian strophe, in which the dactylic hexameter alternates with the minor Archilochian verse:

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with a prevailing tone of melancholy, while the falling rhythms of the shorter verse seem to represent hopelessness and resignation. (IV. 7.)

X. The second Archilochian strophe; the dactylic hexameter followed by the iambilegic or the iambico-dactylic verse:

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The iambic dimeter, here interposed between the two members of the first Archilochian strophe, expresses encouragement. (Ep. 13.)

XI. The fourth Archilochian strophe, consisting of the greater Archilochian verse followed by an iambic trimeter catalectic:

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XII. The Alemanian strophe; dactylic hexameter alternating with dactylic tetrameter catalectic:

This metre resembles the Archilochian strophe, and like that expresses melancholy thoughts. (I. 7, 28.)

XIII. The iambic trimeter :

Impetuous as the swift arrows of Archilochus, the repertor pugnacis iambi. (Ep. 17.)

XIV. The iambic strophe; iambic trimeters, alternating with iambic dimeters:

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The regular Epode-measure of Archilochus. The short, abrupt clauses are well adapted to give the words point and stress. (Epodes 1-10)

XV. The first Pythiambic strophe, consisting of the dactylic hexameter (which, as the proper verse for oracles, is also called the Pythian,) and the iambic dimeter:

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XVI. The second Pythiambic strophe; the dactylic hexameter alternating with the iambic trimeter (here consisting of pure iambs):

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XVII. The trochaic strophe (or the Hipponactean); a trochaic dimeter catalectic followed by an iambic trimeter catalectic:

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The very smoothness and rapidity of the metre expresses a mind content with its lot and spurning superfluities. (II. 18.)

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Q. HORATI FLACCI

CARMIN VM

LIBER PRIMVS

I.

Maecenas, atavis edite regibus,

O et praesidium et dulce decus meum,
Sunt quos curriculo pulverem Olympicum
Collegisse juvat, metaque fervidis

Evitata rotis palmaque nobilis
Terrarum dominos evehit ad deos;
Hunc, si mobilium turba Quiritium
Certat tergeminis tollere honoribus;
Illum, si proprio condidit horreo
Quicquid de Libycis verritur areis.
Gaudentem patrios findere sarculo
Agros Attalicis condicionibus

Numquam dimoveas, ut trabe Cypria
Myrtoum pavidus nauta secet mare:
Luctantem Icariis fluctibus Africum
Mercator metuens otium et oppidi
Laudat rura sui; mox reficit rates
Quassas, indocilis pauperiem pati.
Est qui nec veteris pocula Massici
Nec partem solido demere de die
Spernit, nunc viridi membra sub arbuto
Stratus, nunc ad aquae lene caput sacrae.

7 nobilium

Hor. 2

13 demoveas

17 tuta e coniectura

17

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Multos castra juvant et lituo tubae
Permixtus sonitus, bellaque matribus
Detestata. Manet sub Jove frigido
Venator, tenerae conjugis immemor,
Seu visa est catulis cerva fidelibus,
Seu rupit teretes Marsus aper plagas.
Me doctarum hederae praemia frontium
Dis miscent superis, me gelidum nemus
Nympharumque leves cum Satyris chori
Secernunt populo, si neque tibias
Euterpe cohibet, nec Polyhymnia
Lesboum refugit tendere barbiton.
Quod si me lyricis vatibus inseres,
Sublimi feriam sidera vertice.

II.

Jam satis terris nivis atque dirae
Grandinis misit pater, et, rubente
Dextera sacras jaculatus arces,
Terruit urbem,

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Terruit gentes, grave ne rediret

5

Saeculum Pyrrhae nova monstra questae,

Omne cum Proteus pecus egit altos

Visere montes,

Piscium et summa genus haesit ulmo,

Nota quae sedes fuerat columbis,
Et superjecto pa vidae natarunt

Aequore dammae.

Vidimus flavum Tiberim, retortis
Litore Etrusco violenter undis,
Ire dejectum monumenta regis
Templaque Vestae,

Iliae dum se nimium querenti
Jactat ultorem, vagus et sinistra
Labitur ripa, Jove non probante, u-

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