Another participle passive, called also the gerundive, which denotes that what is spoken of must happen, ought to happen, or (sometimes) is actually happening, with respect to a person or thing; as, amandus, "who must, or ought to be, loved;" in ěpistolá scribendá, “in writing the letter." OF NUMBERS AND PERSONS. VERBS have two numbers, singular and plural, like nouns, and three persons in each number. All nouns, except ego and tu, are of the third person. Of the Verb Esse, to be. Before other verbs are declined, it is necessary to learn the verb esse, to be. Sum, es, fui, esse, futūrus, to be. INDICATIVE MOOD. SUBJUNCTIVE, OR POTENTIAL MOOD. 1. Present Tense.-may. Sing. Fuĕrim, Fuĕris, Fuĕrit, Plur. Fuerimus, 4. Pluperfect Sing. Fuissem, Fuisses, Fuisset, Plur. Fuissemus, Fuissetis, Fuissent, I may have been. Tense.-might, would have, &c. 5. Future Tense.-may be about. Sing. Futurus sim,* Futūrus sis, Futūrus sit, Plur. Futūri simus, Futūri sītis, Futūri sint, I may be about to be. • Futūrus being in reality a participle, agrees with its substantive in gender and number; so that in the singular it may be either futurus, futura, or futurum; in the plural, futuri, -æ, or -a, DECLENSION OF VERBS REGULAR. VERBS have four conjugations, both in the active and passive voice. The first conjugation has a in the penultima (or last syllable but one) of the infinitive mood active; as, amo, ămare.t The second has ē; as, moneo, mŏnēre. The fourth has 7; as, audio, audire. VERBS ACTIVE in O are declined after these examples. 1. Ăm-o, am-as, m-āvi, am-āre; aman-di, aman-do, aman-dum; amāt-um, amāt-u; am-ans, amātu-rus: to love. 2. Mŏn-eo, mon-es, mon-ui, mon-ēre; monen-di, monen-do, monen-dum; monit-um, monit-u; mon-ens, monĭtū-rus: to advise. 3. Reg-o, reg-is, rex-i, reg-ĕre; regen-di, regen-do, regen-dum; rect-um, rect-u; reg-ens, rectu-rus: to rule. * Some compounds of sum have also a present participle; as, absum, to be absent, part. absens, absent, or being absent. + Except do, to give;" which makes dăre, dătum. 4. Aud-io, aud-is, aud-īvi, aud-īre; audien-di, audien-do, audien-dum; audīt-um, audīt-u; audi-ens, auditu-rus: to hear. Sing. Am-o, FIRST CONJUGATION.-Amo. ăm-as, ăm-at, Plur. Am-āmus, ăm-atis, ăm-ant, INDICATIVE MOOD. 1. Present Tense.-do, am. I love, am loving, or, do love. you love, are loving, or, do love. he loves, is loving, or, does love. We love, are loving, or, do love. ye love, are loving, or, do love. they love, are loving, or, do love. 2. Imperfect Tense.-did, was. Sing. Am-ābam, am-ābas, am-ābat, Plur. Am-ābāmus, am-ābātis, am-abant, Sing. Amāv-i, amāv-isti, amav-it, I did love, or, was loving. 3. Perfect Tense.-have. Plur. Amav-imus, amāv-istis, I loved, or, have loved. amāv-erunt, vel -ere, they loved, or, have loved. 4. Pluperfect Tense.-had. Sing. Amāv-ĕram, amāv-ĕras, amāv-ĕrat, Plur. Amav-ĕramus, amav-ĕratis, I had loved. |