PROSODIA CONSTRUED.

PROSODIA prosody est is pars that part Grammaticæ of Grammar, quæ which docet teaches quantitatem the quantity (or, due sound) syllabarum of syllables. Prosodia prosody dividitur is divided in tres partes into three parts; tonum the tone, spiritum the breathing, et and tempus the time.

Hoc loco in this place visum est nobis it is thought most proper tractare to treat tantùm only de tempore of

time.

TEMPUS time est is mensura the measure syllabæ proferendæ of a syllable to be uttered (or, of the pronouncing a syllable.)

Tempus breve a short time notatur is distinguished sic thus (); ut as for example, Dominus the Lord; autem but longum a long time sic in this manner ( ̄); ut as, contrā against.

Pes a foot est is constitutio the placing together duarum syllabarum of two syllables pluriumve or more ex certâ observatione according to the certain observation temporum of the times (or, measures of the syllables.)

Pes a foot duarum longarum syllabarum of two long syllables est is spondæus a spondee, ut as virtus virtue. Longa syllaba a long syllable duabus brevibus syllabis sequentibus with two short syllables following efficit makes dactylum a dactyl, ut as scribere to write.

Scansio scanning est is legitima commensuratio the measuring according to rule versûs of a verse in singulos pedes in every one (or each one) of the feet.

Scansioni to scanning a verse accidunt there belong figuræ the figures called Synalopha, Ecthlipsis, Synæresis, Diæresis, et and Cæsura.

Synalopha, est is elisio the striking out vocalis of a vowel in fine at the end dictionis of a word ante alteram before another vowel in initio at the beginning sequentis

S

of the following word; ut as, vit' viv' are here put pro for vita vive, in this verse: Crastina vita to-morrow's life est is nimis sera too late, vive live hodie to-day.

At but heu, et and 6, nunquam intercipiuntur are never struck out (or, cut off.)

Ecthlipsis est is quoties as often as m the letter m perimitur is cut off cum sua vocali with its vowel, proximâ dictione the next word exorsá beginning a vocali with a rowel; ut os, Monstr' horrend' pro for monstrum horrendum: Monstrum a monster, horrendum horrible, informe mis-shopen, ingens rast, cui lumen ademptum deprived of sight.

Synæresis, est is contractio the contraction duarum syllabarum of two syllables in unam into one; ut as, alvearia is pronounced quasi scriptum esset as if it had been written alvaria: ut as, Seu or whether alvearia the hirestexta fuerint were wore lento vimine of the limber osier.

Diæresis, est is ubi when ex uná syllaba of one syllable dissectá being dissected (or, the letters separated) duæ two syllables fiunt are made; ut as, evoluisse pro for evolvisse: ut as, Debuerant they ought evoluisse to have unwound suos fusos their spindles.

Cæsura, est is cùm when post pedem absolutum after a perfect foot syllaba brevis a short syllable extenditur is made long in fine dictionis at the end of the word; ut as, Inhians intent upon pectoribus the breasts (of the victims) consulit she consults spirantia exta their panting entrails.

VERSUS heroicus an hercic verse, qui which dicitur etiam is also called Hexameter an Hexameter, constat consists ex sex pedibus of six feet: Quintus locus the fifth place of the verse peculiariter peculiarly sibi vindicat claims to itself dactylum a dactyl, sextus the sixth place requires spondæum a spondee; reliqui the other places hunc vel illum have this or that foot (either a dactyl or a spondee) prout volumus even as we will; ut as, Tityre o Tityrus, tu thou recubans lying along sub tegmine under the covering patulæ fagi of a wide-spreading beech-tree.

Spondæus a spondee etiam also aliquando sometimes reperitur is found in quinto loco in the fifth place; ut as, Cara soboles thou dear offspring deûm of the gods, magnum incrementum the illustrious progeny Jovis of Jupiter!

Ultima syllaba the last syllable cujuscunque versûs of every verse habetur is accounted communis common.

VERSUS elegiacus an elegiac verse, qui et which also habet hath nomen the name Pentametri of Pentameter, constat consisteth è duplici Penthemimeri of two Penthemimers; quarum prior the former of which comprehendit contains duos pedes two feet, dactylicos dactyls, spondiacos spondees, vel or alterutros either of them, cum syllabâ longa with a long syllable: altera the other Penthemimer etiam contains also duos pedes two feet, sed but omninò dactylicos always (or, altogether) dactyls, item likewise cum syllabâ longâ with a long syllable; ut as, Amor love est is res a thing plena full solliciti timoris of anxious fear.

Of the Quantity of the first Syllable.

I. Vocalis a vowel ante duas consonantes before two consonants, aut or duplicem a double consonant in eâdem dictione in the same word, est is ubique longa every where long positione by position; ut as in the words, ventus the wind, axis an axle-tree, patrizo to do like his father.

II. Quòd si but if consonans a consonant claudat endeth priorem dictionem the former word, sequente the following word item also inchoante beginning a consonante with a consonant, vocalis præcedens the vowel going before etiam also longa erit will be long positione by position; ut as, Major sum I am greater quàm than cui one whom fortuna fortune possit is able nocere to hurt. Syllabæ the syllables jor, sum, quàm, et and sit, longæ sunt are here long positione by position.

(a.) At si but if prior dictio the former word exeat ends in vocalem brevem in a short vowel, sequente the

following word incipiente beginning a duabus consonantibus with two consonants, interdum sometimes producitur it is made long, sed but raris very seldom; ut es, Ferte bring ferram arms citi promptly, date tela hurl your jarelius, scandite muros socle the walls.

IIL Vocalis brevis a short rowel ante mutam before a mute, sequente liquidá a liquid following, redditur is rendered communis common; ut as in the words, patris of a father, volucris of a bird. Quæ tamen regula which rule however non obtinet does not prevail in compositis in compound words; ut as, admiror I admire, abripio I carry off, subruo I overthrow, obruo I overthrow.

VOCALIS a rowel ante alteram before another vowel in eadem dictione in the same word est is ubique brevis every where short; ut as in the words, Deus God, meus mine, tuus thine, pius pious.

Excipias you may except genitivos the genitive cases in ius ending in ius; ut as, unius of one, illius of that, &c. and some others; ubi in which words i the vowel i reperitur is found communis common; licet although in alterius in the word alterius of another semper sit it is always brevis short; in alīus in the word alius of another semper longa it is always long.

Excipiendi sunt etiam except likewise genitivi the genitive cases et and dativi the dative quinta declinationis of the fifth declension, ubi e where the vowel e inter geminum i between two i's longa fit is made long; ut as in the word faciei of a face: alioqui non otherwise not, ut as in the words rei of a thing, spei of hope, fidei of faith.

Etiam also fi the syllable fi in fio in the word fio to be made or done est longa is long; nisi unless e et r the letters e and r sequuntur follow simul together, ut as in fierem, fieri: Jam now omnia all things fiunt are done, quæ which negabam I denied posse were able fieri to be done.

Dius heavenly habet hath primam syllabam the first syllable longam long; Diana the goddess Diana communem hath the first syllable common.

Interjectio Ohe the interjection ohe habet has priorem syllabam the former syllable communem common.

Eheu alas semper always producit penultimam makes the penultima long.

Vocalis a vowel ante alteram before another in Græcis dictionibus in Greek words subinde now and then fit longa is made long; ut as, Dicite Pierides say O ye Muses: Respice Laërten have regard to Laertes.

Et and also in Græcis possessivis in Greek possessives; ut as, Æneïa nutrix Æneas' nurse, Rhodopeïus Orpheus Orpheus of Rhodope.

Omnis diphthongus every diphthong longa est is long apud Latinos with the Latins ; ut as, aurum gold, neuter neither, musæ of a song, or songs: nisi except sequente vocali when a vowel followeth, cum when interdum sometimes corripitur it is made short; ut as, præire to go before, præustus burnt at one end.

DERIVATIVA derivatives (or, words derived of others) ferè commonly sortiuntur have eandem quantitatem the same quantity cum primitivis with their primitives (or, the words they are derived from ;) ut as, amator a lover, amicus a friend, amabilis amiable; primâ brevi the first syllable being short ab amo as being derived from

the verb amo I love.

Excipiuntur tamen except however pauca a few words quæ which deducta being derived a brevibus from short syllables, producunt make long primam syllabam the first syllable; ut as, como to deck the hair, a coma derived from coma the hair; fomes fuel et and fomentum an assuaging plaister a from foveo to cherish; humanus human, or humane, ab homo derived from homo a man or woman; jucundus pleasant, à from juvo to delight; jumentum a beast of burthen, a from juvo to help; lex legis a law, a from lego to read; macero to cause to waste