Report of the Association of the Chambers of Commerce, 1. Various Papers on Linear Transformations, Differential Equations, the Theory of Probabilities, and other 3. An Investigation of the Laws of Thought. By the same. 4. Treatise on Differential Equations. By the same. 1859. Second Edition. Revised by I. TODHUNTER. 1865. 5. A Treatise on the Calculus of Finite Differences. By 6. A Treatise on Differential Equations. Supplementary Volume. By the late GEORGE BOOLE, F.R.S, Pro- fessor of Mathematics in the Queen's University, Ireland, &c. Edited by I. TоDHUNTER. 1865. VII. Reform and the State of Parties.. CONTENTS OF No. LXXXVIII. 1. Maine de Biran: Sa Vie et ses Pensées. Publiées par E. NAVILLE 2. Euvres Inedites de M. de Biran. Publiées par ERNEST NAVILLE, avec la collaboration de MARC-DEBRIT. 1859. 3. Euvres Philosophiques de M. de Biran. Editées par M. COUSIN. 4. Fragments Philosophiques. Par V. COUSIN. Tome deuxième. 1. History and Practice of Photogenic Drawing. By L. J. M. Da- 2. On the Application of the Chemical Rays of Light to the Purposes of Pictorial Reproduction. By Sir J. F. W. HERSCHEL, R.H., F.R.S. The Action of the Rays of the Solar Spectrum on Vegetable Colours, and on some New Photographic Processes. By the Same. On certain Improvements on Photographic Processes, and on the Parathermic Rays of the Solar Spectrum. By the Same. Philosophical Transactions, 1839-43. 3. Researches on Light in its Chemical Relations. By ROBERT HUNT, 5. The Photographic News. Edited by G. WHARTON SIMPSON, M.A. 6. The Year-Book of Photography. 1861-66. 7. The Total Solar Eclipse of the Sun, July 18th, 1860. By WARREN 1. The Vicarious Sacrifice. By HORACE BUSHNELL, D.D. 1866. 2. The Light and the Life of Men. By JOHN YOUNG, LL.D. 1866. History, Biography, and Travels.-George's Oberland and its Glaciers. Parr's Life and Death of Jeanne d'Arc. Sunderland and Buzacott's Mission Life in the Islands of the Pacific. Howell's Venetian Life. Byrne's Cosas de Espana. Parkes's Vignettes. Carpenter's Last Days in England of the Rajah Rammohun Roy. Politics, Science, and Art.-Crump's Treatise on Banking, Currency, and the Exchanges. Willichs's Results under the last Bank Charter Act of 1844. Richard's Letters on the Social and Political Condition of the Principality of Wales. Anstie's Notes on Epidemics. Our Postal and Poetry, Fiction, and Belles Lettres.-Carey's Vision of Hell. Plumptre's Master and Scholar. Buchanan's London Poems. Webster's Dramatic Studies. Rosetti's Prince's Progress. Matson's Inner Life. Miller's Our Hymns. Trebutien's Letters of Eugénie de Guérin. Björnson's Arne. Browne's Views and Opinions. The Gentle Philosopher. Tytler's Days of Yore. Harington's Lynton Grange. Gotthell's Theology, Philosophy, and Philology.-Heard's Tripartite Nature of Man. Kiel's Biblical Commentary on the Books of Samuel. Delitzsch's Biblical Commentary on the Book of Job. Murphy's Commentary on the Book of Exodus. Kitto's Cyclopædia. Cyclopædia of Biblical Geography, Biography, Natural History, and General Knowledge, Statham's Sure Standards of the Faith. Essays on the Irish Church. Brady's Alleged Conversion of the Irish Bishops to the Reformed Reli- gion at the Accession of Queen Elizabeth. Overbeck's Catholic Ortho- doxy and Anglo-Catholicism. The Conflict of Christ in His Church. Ainslie's Discourses. Kinloch's Studies for Sunday Evening. Rigg's Essays for the Times. Gill's Papal Drama. Blackley and Howe's Critical English Testament. Alford's New Testament for English Readers. Candlish on the First Epistle of John. Grosart's complete THE BRITISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. JULY 2, 1866. ART. L-The Times, September 16, 1865, to July 1, 1866. On the 16th of September last, the telegraph announced to these kingdoms that a treasonable conspiracy had been discovered in Ireland, and that some of its leaders had been arrested. In the course of a few succeeding days many persons were suddenly thrown into prison; the documents in the office of the Irish People disclosed the fact that a considerable organisation had been formed in Ireland and America to destroy the government of the Queen in Ireland; and, even at a preliminary examination before a magistrate, the responsible law adviser of the Crown declared that a vast Communistic plot had been hatched in Ireland and the United States, its object being to subvert all order and property in the former country. The state trials which soon afterwards ensued proved that this was not an exaggerated remark, and showed conclusively that for several years an attempt has been made by agents from America, supported by the American Irish, to array the mass of disaffection in Ireland into a league against the rule of Great Britain; that this confederacy, in appearance at least, presented a very formidable aspect, having succeeded in making thousands of recruits, in collecting funds, ammunition, and arms, in sending numerous emissaries throughout Ireland, and in establishing a central administration at New York, and finally that a Fenian Republic, erected upon the ruins of the Constitution, was a vision more or less acceptable to no small a fraction of the Irish people. This conspiracy,' said Mr. Justice Keogh, in a very able and temperate address, 'was formed in this country for a NO. LXXXVII. 'considerable time-two or three years at least; the object of ' its leaders was to extend it through all classes of the people, but especially the artisans in towns and the cultivators of the 'soil; its ramifications existed not only in this country but in 'the States of America; supplies of money and of arms for the purposes of a general insurrection were collected not only here but on the other side of the Atlantic; and finally the object of 'this Confederation was the overthrow of the Queen's authority, 'the separation of this country from Great Britain, the destruc'tion of our present Constitution, the establishment of some 'democratic or military despotism, and the general division of every description of property as the result of a successful civil 'war.' Since the termination of the state trials, with respect to which we may say in passing that they were fine examples of the administration of justice, events of deep significance have happened. James Stephens, the principal leader of the movement, whose escape from prison through scandalous collusion excited great alarm at the time, for some time eluded detection, though a large price was set on his head, and, having ultimately escaped to France, enjoys widespread popular sympathy. During the winter several hundred persons, of savage, but bold and soldierlike aspect, were seen haunting the seaport towns; and no secret was made that these men, disbanded from the American armies, were to be the military chiefs of the insurrection. These men,' wrote Lord Wodehouse officially, are Irishmen imbued with 'American notions, thoroughly reckless, and possessed of con'siderable military experience, acquired on a field of warfare, 'the civil war in America, admirably adapted to train them for 'conducting an insurrection here." At the same time most daring attempts were made to corrupt the troops in Ireland; there was hardly a regiment,' said Sir George Grey, in which our enemies did not contrive to introduce themselves with the 'view of seducing the soldiers from their allegiance;' and, though no serious impression was made, it is well known that in too many instances these fatal lessons have found listeners. Moreover, the manufacture of arms in spite of a vigilant and powerful police went on in several parts of the country; a considerable number of guns and pikes have been seized on different occasions; and it is generally supposed that those which have been found are only a small proportion of the whole. In view of these alarming circumstances, it is not surprising that in February last the Government should have applied for fresh powers, and that. Parliament at a single sitting should have suspended the Constitution of Ireland. Since this necessary, but unfortu |