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changes in the conditions of reproduction; the suggestive factors vary. The influence on imagery of general ideas, of emotion, and of the general setting of mental life at the time of reproduction, is very great.1 Whether a point is reached at which reproduction is impossible, it is difficult to prove. We might expect complete decay here as with other forms of life, that a function might, after lapse of time, having fallen into disuse, be incapable of being continued; an item of knowledge would then be forgotten beyond possibility of recall.

In the end all questions as to the nature of a memoryimage must be tested by experiment. This essay only purports to be a discussion of theories. It will have served its turn, if it has shown how far reaching in its consequences may be this question which lies in the heart of the memory problem, the nature of a memory-image.

1 Cf. A Qualitative Analysis of the Process of Forgetting, H. R. Crosland, Psychological Monographs, vol. xxix, No. 1, Psychological Review ; 'An Experimental Study of some Problems of Perceiving and Imaging,' F. C. Bartlett, British Journal of Psychology, vol. viii, pt. 2.

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INDEX

Acquired characteristics, inheri-
tance of, 6, 7, 114, 115.
Adaptation and regulation in
animal behaviour, 23 ff.
Alexander, Prof. S., on enjoy-
ment, 94.

on enjoyment of past experi-
ences, 98 ff.

on the mark of the past, 95 ff.
on the nature of images, 95.
referred to, 46, 92, 108, 138,

150, 152.
Assimilation, 21, 79, 139, 165.
Association, doctrine of, 63, 65,
66, 68, 69, 74, 75, 78, 79, 81,
87, 127, 150.
dependent on continuity of
function, 145 ff.

of ideas, Locke's use of the ex-
pression, 60.

Bain, Prof. A., on memory and

association, 72 ff.
Ballard, Dr. P. B., experiments on
reminiscence, 168.

Bartlett, F. C., referred to, 169 n.
Behaviourism, classification of re-

sponses in, 28, 29.

differentiation of psychology
and physiology in, 28.
Belief, nature of, 62, 63, 70, 76,
104, 107, 161 ff.

Bergson, M. Henri, on instinct
and intelligence, 128.
on life, 122.

on the nature of duration, 119,

120.

on the nature of causation and
freedom, 120.

on two kinds of memory, 123.
on laws of association, 127.
on perception and recognition,
124, 125.

on pure memory, 126.

on relation of habit memory to
the memory which imagines,
126, 127.

Bergson, M. Henri (continued)
theories of, compared with
those of Butler, 127 ff.
referred to, 22, 84, 133.
Berkeley, Bishop G., on imagery
and association, 61, 62.
referred to, 118.

Biology, influence of, on psycho-
logy, 5, 73, 76, 134.

Broad, C. D., referred to, 93, 96.
Brown, Dr. T., on memory and
suggestion, 80 ff.

Butler, Samuel, on assimilation, 21.
on Hering's theory of memory,

19, 20..

on the nature of change, 115,
116.

on relation of organic to in-
organic, 19, 20.

on substance, 117.
on unconscious memory, 7, 8,
19 ff., 118, 119.

theories of, compared with
those of Bergson, 127 ff.
referred to, 66, 77 n.

Cannon and Davenport, referred
to, II.

Causation, see Bergson, Russell,
Semon.

Change, see Butler.

Conation, role of, in representa-
tion, 140 ff.

role of, in intellectual processes,
154 ff.

Conditioned reflex, nature of, 29,
30.

Consciousness, nature of, see Holt.
Continuity of function, 137 ff.
Crosland, H. R., referred to, 169 n.

Davenport and Cannon, referred
to, II.

Darwin, Erasmus, referred to, 66.
Dunlap, Prof. K., referred to,
135 n.
Duration, see Bergson.

Ecphory, see Semon.

Elliot, Prof. H., referred to, 20.
Emergent Evolution, see Morgan,
C. Ll.

Engram, nature of, see Semon.
Enjoyment, distinction between
contemplation and, 94.

use of term by Ll. Morgan, 46.
Ephrussi, Miss P., referred to,
168 n.

Epistemology and psychology, 61,
65, 68, 73, 79.
Forgetfulness, the problem of, 85,
148, 169.

Function, continuity of, 137 ff.
nature of, 136, 139, 143.

Grant, Sir A., referred to, 119.

Habit memory, see Bergson.
Habits, acquisition of, see Watson.
Hamilton, Sir W., on conscious-
ness, 83, 88.

on forgetting, 85.

on memory and association,
83 ff.

Hartley, D., on memory and asso-
ciation, 65 ff.
referred to, 82.

Herbert, J. F., referred to, 83.
Historical explanation, 22, 80.
Hobbes, T., on memory, 53 ff.
referred to, 88.

Holt, Prof. E. B., on difference
between memory and imagi-
nation, II, III.

on knowledge of the past, III ff.
on nature of consciousness, 108.
referred to, 92, 152.

Hume, D., on memory and asso-
ciation, 62 ff.

on nature of belief, 62, 63.
referred to, 72, 90.

Idea, description of, as being no-
where, 58.

Idea, use of word by Hume, 62.
Idea, use of word by Locke, 56.
synonymous with image, 89.
Image, nature of, 47, 53, 55, 68,
95, 103, 135 ff.

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Knowing, the function of cognitive
processes, 139.

La Marck, Monet de, quoted, 20 n.
Lange-James, theory of emotion,
31, 100.

Lankester, Prof. K., referred to, 7.
Law of Readier Resolution, see
Jennings.

Law of Redintegration, 87.
Learning by experience, 25, 26, 47,
48.

Life, see Bergson.

Locke, J., on memory, 56 ff.
referred to, 69.

Loeb, Prof. Jacques, on forced
movements and tropisms, 12 ff.
referred to, 48.

Mechanism, doctrine of, referred
to, 12 ff., 27.

Meinong, Prof. A., referred to,
107.

Memory, as the after-effect of
stimulation, 8.

as the decay of sense, 53.
as the general function of or-
ganized matter, 5.

as knowledge of the past, 18, 42,
43, 49, 60, 64, 68, 69, 72, 82,
89, 95, 98, 101, 104, 109, III,
112, 113, 126, 152, 158.

Memory (continued)

as mneme, 8, 17.
difference between imagination
and, 56, 62, 63, 69, 70, 71, 75,
76, 82, 107, 110, 111, 162, 163.
difference between sense know-
ledge and, 53, 59, 61, 62, 69,
71, 72, 74, 80.

pure, see Bergson.

of a past state of mind, 98, 112,
158.

two kinds of, see Bergson.
Mental life, conception of, 135,
136.

Mill, James, on memory, and asso-
ciation, 67 ff.

referred to, 72, 75, 79, 80, 82,
105, 106.

Mill, J. S., on the nature of belief,
70.

referred to, 106.
Mneme, meaning of, 8, 17.

a gratuitous hypothesis, 18.
Mnemic and physical causation
compared, 13, 103, 104.
Mnemic causation as characteristic
of mental phenomena, 103,
104.

Morgan, Prof. C. Lloyd, on emer-
gent evolution, 44 ff.

on the nature of instinct, 45.
on memory images, 47.
on representation, 48, 49.
Gifford Lectures, 50.
referred to, II, 93.

New Realism, principles of, 91, 92.
schools of, 92.

Order of ideas, 55, 60, 61, 63, 64,
67, 68, 74, 78, 81, 86, 87, 150,
164 ff.
Over-produced movements, 23, 27.

Paley, W., referred to, 116.
Pampsychism and the mnemic
theory, 22.

Past, knowledge of the, 18, 42, 43,

49, 60, 64, 68, 69, 72, 82, 89,
95, 98, 101, 104, 109, III, 112,
113, 126, 152, 158.

Past state of mind, memory of, 98,

112, 158.

Pavlow's experiment, referred to,
75.

Philosophical psychology, influ-
ence of, on modern psycho-
logy, 89, 90.

Pieron, Prof. H., referred to, 8.
Psychology and epistemology, 61,
65, 68, 73, 79.

Psychology, influence of biology
on, 5, 73, 76, 134.

Recognition, see Bergson.
Readier Resolution, Law of, see
Jennings.

Redintegration, Law of, 87.
Reid, T., on memory, 71, 72.
on distinction between object
and operation of mind, 72.
referred to, 79, 80, 83, 89, 90.
Representation, 139, 140.
Ribot, M. Th., referred to, 125.
Russell, Hon. B., on memory,
IOI ff.

on mnemic causation, 103, 104.
on nature of belief, 105 ff.
on nature of images, 103.
on nature of sensations, 102,
103.

referred to, 92.

Schmid, H., quoted, 86.
referred to, 86 n.

Semon, Prof. R., on ecphory, 9.
on engram, 9.

on mneme, 8 ff.

on mnemic causation, 13, 15 ff.
referred to, 103.

Sensations as data for physics and
psychology, 103.
Sense impressions

events, 139.

as mental

Sense knowledge, difference be-
tween memory and, 53, 59,
61, 62, 69, 71, 72, 74, 80.
Spencer, H., on memory, 76 ff.
on assimilation, 79.
referred to, 23.

Stewart Dugald, referred to, 87.
Stout, Prof. G. F., on Ll. Morgan's
view of instinct, 47.
referred to, 83 n., 135, 147.
Subconsciousness, use of the term
by Ward, 148, 149.

Substance, see Butler.

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