The yellow jacinth, strength'ning sense, Drayton. The Muses' Elysium, Nymph. 10. JACK. Hoole. Jerusalem Delivered, b. xviii. Mr. Tyrwhitt, in his note upon v. 14,816 of Chaucer, says," I know not how it has happened, that in the principal modern languages, John, or its equivalent, is a name of contempt, or at least of slight. So the Italians use Gianni, from whence Zani; the Spaniards Juan, as Bobo Juan, or foolish John; the French Jean, with various additions; and in English, when we call a man a John, we do not mean it as a title of Jack-an-apes, and Jack-monkey. The quotations from Tyndall and Strype seem to speak for themselves, although Ritson has endeavoured to derive the term from Jack Napes, a person, says Archdeacon Nares, never heard of. Jack-sauce, a saucy Jack or fellow. Jack-guardant, a term equivalent to one still in use, a Jack-in-office; i. e. one who is proud of his petty office, (Steevens.) Jack of the Clock,-Fr. Jacquelet. A Jack of the clock-house, or the little man that strikes the quarters in a clock, (Cotgrave.) Still (1829) preserved at St. Dunstan's, Fleet-street. Now (1836) gone. See further illustrations in Archdeacon Nares's Glossary. Go fro window, jacke-fool, she said. " Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3708. It is but a common point of pleasure doing, that euerie iacke vseth, to doe an other man a commoditee at a time, to the ende that the, lyke commoditee maie bee dooen to thee againe.-Udal. Luke, c. 6. If we suppose a man tied in the place of the weight, it honour. Chaucer (in v. 3708,) uses Jacke fool, ginally a jacksmith.-Dryden, Let. 17. To Mr. Tonson, 1696. Pennant, also, in his Zoology, (iii. 342,) remarks, "It is very singular that most nations give the name of their favourite dish to the facetious attendant on every mountebank. Thus the Dutch call him Pickle Herring, the Italians Macaroni, the French Jean Potage, the Germans Hans Wurst, i. e. Jack Sausage, and we dignify him with the title of Jack Pudding." Thomson, in his Etymons, suggests an odd connexion between Jack with a pudding or a sausage, and the Phallic emblems exhibited during the Saturnalia. A Jack-o'-lent appears to have been some puppet which was thrown at in Lent, like Shrovetide cocks, (Steevens.) What helpeth it also that the priest whe he goeth to masse disguiseth himself with a great part of the passion of Christ, and playeth out the rest vnder silence with signes and profers, with noddyng, beckyng, and mowyng, as it were Jack-an-apes, when neither he himselfe neither any man els woteth what he meaneth.-Tyndall. Works, p. 132. For euery priest maketh them of a sundry maner & many more madly then the gestures of jackanapes.-Id. Ib. p. 282. Then steppeth forth Sir Laurence Loiterer, and he plays jack monkey at the altar, with his turns and half turns (he means, in regard of the many ceremonious postures then used), and an hundred toys more. Bale in Strype. Memorials. Queen Mary, an. 1553. Or doe you play the flowting iacke, to tell vs Cupid is a good hare-finder, and Vulcan a rare carpenter. Shakespeare. Much Adoe about Nothing, Act i. sc. 1. See now how wit may be made a jacke-a-lent, when 'tis vpon ill imployment. They [the Spaniards] take all proper precautions to improve the breed, and I have seen a jack-ass from that country, above fifteen hands high. Goldsmith. Animated Nature. The Ass. Id. Merry Wiues of Windsor, Act v. sc. 5. And I persuade myself, the extemporary rhymes of some antic jack-pudding may deserve printing better; so far am I from thinking aught he says worthy of a serious answer. Milton. Defence of the People of England, c. 1. Every jack-sawce of Rome shall thus odiously dare to controll and disgrace it. Bp. Hall. The Honour of the Maried Clergie, b. ii. s. 12. JACK, s. a kitchen jack, and jack, lignum bifurcatum, are accounted for by Skinner, as in the quotation from Watts. The velocity of motion prevents the sence oft. Thus a So footboys, who had frequently the common name of Jack given them. were kept to turn the spit, or to pull off their master's boots; but when instruments were invented for both these services, they were both called jacks, though one was of iron, the other of wood, and very different in Junius says, The coat of mail is itself called a jack, as well as JACK. A jacket,(tunica brevior,-Skinner,) a short coat. legs. Eneas, whom with sword through brasen shield, And through his plated jacke he thrust into the syde. Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. x. Habbergyous had they vpon the lyke jackes of yron mayle. Bale. Image, pt. i. But at those dayes the yomen had theyr lymmes at lybertie, for theyre hosyn were than fastened wt one poynt, and theyr iackes [were] longe and easy to shote in, so that they myght drawe bowes of great strentgth, & shote arowes of a yerde longe, besyde the hede.-Fabyan, an. 1415. JACK. "A Jacke of leather to drinke in, In the middle of this deluge appear the tops of flagons Id. The Bloody Brother, Act ii. sc. 2. He spreads himself, and cuts the air, King. The Eagle and the Robin. The jackdaw is black, but ash-coloured on the breast and belly. He is not above the size of a pigeon. He is docile and loquacious. His head being large for the size of his body, which, as has been remarked, argues him ingenious and crafty. He builds in steeples, old castles, and high rocks, laying five or six eggs in a season. Goldsmith. Animated Nature. The Raven, &c. JACOBIN. In their present application JACOBINICAL. are words entirely modern; JA'COBINISM. and take their origin from JACOBINIZE, v. the circumstance of a faction of French revolutionists holding their meetings in a monastery of the Jacobin, or Dominican friars. The Dominicans were so called (Jacobin) because their first establishment in Paris was in a hospital of St. James, (Matt. Paris, ad ann. 1198.) I have a good opinion of the general abilities of the jacobins not that I suppose them better born than others: but strong passions awaken the faculties. Burke. On a Regicide Peace. They must know, that France is formidable, not only as she is France, but as she is Jacobin France.-Id. Ib. They arose from her [Austria] own ill policy, which dismantled all her towns, and discontented all her subjects by jacobinical innovations.-Id. On the Policy of the Allies. For my part, without doubt or hesitation, I look upon jacobinism as the most dreadful and most shameful evil, which ever afflicted mankind, a thing which goes beyond the power of all calculation in its mischief; and that if it is suffered to exist in France, we must in England, and speedily too, fall into that calamity. Id. On the Conduct of the Minority. I think no Country can be aggrandized whilst France is jacobinized.-Id. On the Policy of the Allies. JACOBITE. One of the faction who adhered to James II. and his family. What jacobite can be sanguine enough to hope that his cause should revive, when he beholds the heroical king and queen, who fill our throne, auspicious parents of a numerous progeny of young heroes and heroines, rising up to emulate their virtues, and to gladden, like them, the British nation. Bolingbroke. Remarks on the History of England. What gives obstinacy without strength, and sullenness without spirit, to the Jacobite-Tories at this time. Id. The Idea of a Patriot King. The spirit of jacobilism is not only gone, but it will appear❘ to be gone in such a manner as to leave no room to apprehend its return; if we reflect that it hath died away, while all that could be done to keep it alive was doing by those who professed it, and by those who valued and recommended themselves on their opposition to all effects of it; if we consider the numbers of people who have abandoned this interest, notwithstanding the utmost provocations to the contrary. Bolingbroke. Remarks on the History of England. JADE, v. Skinner thinks he should trifle if JADE, n. he derived jade from the A. S. Eode, JA'DERY. ivit, q.d. Equus qui jam ire desiit. JA'DISH. The interpretation may be wrong; the etymology perhaps is right. In the North, jade is pronounced, or called yed, yawd; and the A. S. Eode, the past tense and past part. of gan, to go, gives in old English yede, or yode, i. e. goed, gone. (See Yad in Jamieson.) A jade then may be one, that has yade, yode, goed, or gone; and is, consequently, wearied, tired with going. Hence, To jade,-to do, or cause to do, to treat as a jade. To tire, to weary, to fatigue, to wear out with fatigue or labour; to suffer, to subject to, hard, harsh, or harassing employments or occupations; to harass, to dispirit, to depress. And, further, A jade, a wearied--horse or other animalworn out, dispirited: and, thus, resisting labour; and hence applied to horses, or other animals, that refuse or are unwilling to work; are restive, of mischievous tempers, play mischievous tricks. Applied sportively, or ironically, to young women. In the passage quoted from Shakespeare, Warburton cuts the knot, he transposes the words judes and beasts. JAGG, v. JAGG, n. JA'GGY. a saw; Perhaps from the A. S. Saga, Dut. Saeghen; Ger. Sægen, discindere; JA'GGEDNESS. To cut out, so as to leave projections, like the teeth of a saw. Theyr kyrtelles all to iagged.-Skelton. Elinour Rumming. The eies of a serpent, the heares of rootes jagged. Golden Boke, Let. 14. Thy bodies bolstred out, with bumbast and with bagges Thy rowles, thy ruffes, thy caules, thy coifes, thy jerkins, and thy jagges. Gascoigne. A Challenge to Beauty. And on his backe an vncouth vestiment Made of strange stuffe, but all to worne and ragged; And vnderneath, his breech was all to torne and iagged. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 9. long ianges and purses, might shine againe with varietie of To the end, that these inner garments, thus beset with threads seene quite through, and those portrayed and shaped after many and sundry formes of living creatures. Holland. Ammianus, p. 11. Though it seem not impossible haply that there might be a place, where soules might be kept for a space, to be taught and instruct: yet that there should be such a jayle as they jangle, and such fashions as they fayne, is playne impossible and repugnaunt to the Scripture. Tyndall. Workes, p. 435. And when they had beaten them sore, they cast them into prison, comaudynge the jayler to kepe them surely. Whiche jayler when he had receaued such commaundement. thrust them into the ynner prison, and made their fete fast in the stockes.-Bible, 1551. Tra. Call forth an officer; carrie this mad knaue to the Davies. The Immortality of the Soul, s. 33. For those who have no better a reason for being honest than fear of a gibbet or a jail; I should not, I confess, much covet their company or acquaintance. Shaftesbury. Freedom of Wit and Humour, pt. iii. s. 4. jailors, and his mind broken to his situation, can send none At present, the King being entirely in the hands of his but the enthusiasts of the system. Burke. Thoughts on French Affairs. The operation of the old law is so savage and so inconvenient to society, that for a long time past, once in every parliament, and lately twice, the legislature has been obliged to make a general arbitrary jail-delivery, and at once to set open, by its sovereign authority, all the prisons in England. Id. Speech at Bristol. JAKES. A. S. "Cac-hus. Latrina. A privy or jakes, a house of office," (Somner.) May it not be an added or adjoined house, an appurte Seeks all foul means Of boystrous and rough jadrie to disseat Bale, another great antiquarian, said, "that a great number of those that purchased those monasteries reserved the books of those libraries; some to serve their jakes, some to scour their candlesticks, some to rub their boots; some," &c. Strype. Observations upon Abp. Parker, b. iv. s. 2. Here all his suffering brotherhood retire And 'scape the martyrdom of jakes and fire. Pope. The Dunciad, b. l. Their tenets, [the Priscillianists] says Tillemont, were an horrible confusion of all sorts of impieties, which flowed into this sect as into a jakes. Jortin. Remarks on Ecclesiastical History, an. 379. JAM, v. To Jam, (says Grose,) is to render firm by treading, as cattle do land they are foddered on. Perhaps from the A. S. Ge-emn-ion, to make even, to level. Emn-land is in A. S. Planities, To level; to press down close; to press or squeeze close or fast. Jam is used as a substantive in works on cookery, for a conserve of fruits, reduced to a paste by jamming or pressure. In a stage-coach with lumber cramm'd, Lloyd. Epistle to J. B. Esq. The pass called el Purgatorio had very near proved a hell to us; for we thought at one time that the carriages must have remained jammed in between the rocks. Swinburne. Spain, Let. 3. JAMB. "Fr. Jambe, the leg or shank, (extending from the knee to the ankle;) also (in architecture) a corbell or peer; and the Jaumb or side post of a door, &c." (Cotgrave.) See GAMBAULD. Sp. Jambas. And verily this prince had the arched and embowed roufes of his pallace made of silver and gold: the beames and pillars also sustaining the said building, yea, the jambes, posts, principals, and standerds, all of the same mettall. Holland. Plinie, b. xxxiii. e. 3. JA'MBEAUX, or Boots or armour for the GIA'MBEUX. S legs. (Fr. Jambes.) See GAMBAUD. His jambeaux were of cuirhouly. Chaucer. The Rime of Sire Thopas, v. 13,627. One for his legs and knees provided well, With jambeux, arm'd, and double plates of steel. Dryden. Palamon & Arcite, b. iii. IA/MBICK, n. Fr. Iambique; It. Giambo; IA'MBICK, adj. Gr. Iaußikos, from außos, a IA'MBIZE, v. metrical foot, consisting of a short preceding a long syllable. See the quotation from B. Jonson, and the second from Twining. For what ado have we here, what strange precepts of art about the framing of iambic verse in our language, which. when all is done, reaches not by a foot, but falleth out to be the plain ancient verse, consisting of ten syllables, or five feet, which hath ever been used among us time out of mind. Daniel. Defence of Rhyme. Fly stranger, nor your weary limbs relax Near the tempestuous tomb of Hipponas, Whose very dust, deposited below, Stings with iambicks Bupalus his foe. Fawkes. Epitaph on Hipponax. From the Anthologia. A jangler is to God abhominable. Id. The Manciples Tale, 17,292. And as to your fourth reson, ther as ye sain that the nglerie of women can hide thinges that they wot not; as ho so зayth, that a woman can not hide that she wote; re, thise wordes ben understonde of women that ben janeresses and wicked; of which women men sain that three inges driven a man out of his hous, that is to say, smoke, opping of raine, and wicked wives. Id. The Tale of Melibeus. For it is written; the janglerie of women ne can nothing de, save that which they wote not.-Id. Ib. A philosophere sayd, when a man axed him how that he Eld plese the peple, he answered; Do many good werkes, nd speke few jangelinges. Id. The Persones Tale. I never shall so far injure the janisarian republick of Algiers, as to put it in comparison for every sort of crime, turPiers Plouhman, p. 29. pitude, and oppression, with the jacobin republick of Paris. Burke. On a Regicide Peace, Let. 1. JANUARY. Lat. Januarius; inde vocatus quod Jano esset sacer. See the quotation from Plutarch, For their men of warre; it is a dangerous state, where they live and remaine in a body, and are used to Donatives; wherof we see examples in the janazaries and pretorian bands of Rome.-Bacon. Ess. Of Empire. No sayd the prince, and shoke his heed, and sayd it is nat Quenyent yt they shulde thus lightly depart out of our coutre, nd to make their ingelinges to ye Duke of Aniou, who Dueth vs but a lytell.-Id. Ib. vol. i. c. 243. JA'NIZARY. JANIZA'RIAN. A sixth [principle] was, the institution of that famous order of the janizaries; than which a greater strain of true and deep politie will hardly be observed in any constitution. This consisted in the arbitrary choice of such Christian children throughout their dominions, as were esteemed And in derision sets Upon their tongues a various spirit to rase Quite out their native language, and instead To sow a jangling noise of words unknown. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. xii. If he [Timothy] might, [know] then in such a clear text s this may we know too without further iangle. Id. The Reason of Church Government, b. i. c. 2. Nothing is to be heard, but unquiet janglings, open brawngs, secret opposition; the houshold takes part, and proesses a mutuall vexation. "Let them be called janizaries (yengi cheri, or new soldiers); may their countenance be ever bright! their hand torious! their sword keen! may their spear always hang over the heads of their enemies! and wheresoever they go, may they return with a white face!" Gibbon. The Roman Empire, c. 64. Id. Ib. Than the Duke of Bretayne toke the wordes, and sayd, mong you bourders and inglers, in the Palys of Paris, and the kynges chambre, ye sette by the realme as ye lyst, i nd play with the kynge at your pleasure, and do well or well as ye wyll yourselfe. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 344. 1 Bp. Hall. Select Thoughts, Cent. 1. s. 15. For of all Nature's works we most should scorn The thing who thinks himself a Poet born. Unbred, untaught, he rhymes; yet hardly spells, And senselessly, as squirrels jangle bells. Otway. To Mr. Creech, upon his Lucretius. There are those, I know, who will regard this praise, hatever it be, as injurious to the learned prelate, rather han honourable to him; who will be ready to tell us that ontroversial janglings are out of date; that they never did ny good, and are now at length fallen into general and just ontempt.-Hurd. Life of Warburton. JANITOR, Lat. from Janua, a door or gate. Th' Hesperian dragon not more fierce and fell; Smollett. Advice; a Satire. And the first [month] which is called January, was called after the name of Janus. Wherefore methinks that Numa took away the moneth of March from the first place, and gave it unto January; because he would have peace before war, and civil things before martiall. North. Plutarch, p. 60. In England also, till of late, we had two beginnings of the year, one in January, and the other on March 25: but by act of parliament in one thousand seven hundred and fifty two, the first day in January was appointed to be the beginning of the year for all purposes. Priestley. Lectures on History, pt. iii. Lect. 14. JAPA'N, v. JAPA'N, n. JAPANESE. To japan,-to varnish, to poJAPA'NNER. lish, as Japan-goods are varnished and polished. So called from Japan, in the eastern part of Asia. For the origin and purpose of the institution of this order of men, and the meaning of their name, see the quotations from Temple and Gibbon. Immediately came officers & appointed janisers to beare To vs our presents.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. p. 170. We found two small vessels at an anchor on the East side: they were laden with rice and laquer, which is used in japanning of cabinets.-Dampier. Voyages, an. 1687. The god of fire Gay. Trivia, b. ii. Pope. Horace, Ep. 1. b. i. Nor do I send this to be better known for choice and cheapness of china and japan-wares, tea, fans, &c. Spectator, No. 288. For furs, dried fish, and oil, the latter [the Kuriles] get silk, cotton, and Japanese articles of furniture. Cook. Third Voyage, b. vi. c. 7. This accounts for what Krascheninickoff says, that he got from Paramousin a japanned table and vase, &c. which he sent to the cabinet of her imperial Majesty. Id. Ib. Note on the above. JAPE, v. JAPE, n. JA'PER. JA'PERY. After this cometh the sinne of japers, that ben the devil's Id. The Manciples Tale, v. 17,094. Id. The Milleres Tule, v. 3840. Jape (says Junius) is an insulting or outrageous vaunting and triumphing over them that are under our subjection. Islandis (he adds) Geip, est jactatio; and this, Hickes thinks, is the same with the A. S. Gilp, jactantia; the verb is Gilp-an, or Gylp-an, "to brag, to boast, to glory, to crake, to vaunt; also, to cry out, to yelpe," Junius collects a number of passages (Somner.) to show the usages of the word; some of which express strongly the acknowledged resemblance between japeries and the tricks of an ape. Skinner derives from the Fr. Gaber. See GAB, GIBBER, GIBE, JABBER; all of which seem to bear an affinity to jape. Jape, n.-a trick, a jest; Jape, v.—to jest; to cheat, to laugh at. Japer,-a common jester or buffoon, (Tyrwhitt.) See JANGLE, for an example from Piers Plouh man. Thus hath he japed thee ful many a yere, And thou hast maked him thy chief esquire And this is he, that loveth Emelie. She made him debonaire and meke, And right so in the same stede JAR, v. Skelton. The Bouge of Courte. noise. To cause or utter a harsh, discordant sound, as from the shake or vibration of a somewhat solid substance struck, or moved; to vibrate harshly; to reverberate harshly. (Met.)— To disagree; to be or cause to be at variance, to contest, to conflict, to dispute, to quarrel. Ye muse somwhat to far All out of joynt ye jar. Skelton. Duke of Albany and the Scottes. Paule the first was brother to the said Steuen: hee after wrangling and jarring betwene him and Theopbilact, succeeded.-Bale. Pageant of Popes, fol. 49. I may not boast of any cruell jarre, Nor vaunt to see full valiant facts from farre: I haue not bene in Turkie, Denmarke, Greece, Ne yet in Colch, to winne a golden fleece. Gascoigne. The Fruites of Warre. Christians being at iarre amonge themselues do deuoure one another.-Bale. Pageant of Popes, fol. 155. O steal the accents from her lips that flie, Which like the tunes of the celestials are, And them to your sick amorous thoughts apply, Compar'd with which Arion's did but jar. Drayton. The Barons' Wars, b. iii. The feeble Britons, broken with long warre, They shall vpreare, and mightily defend, Against their forrein foe that comes from farre, Till vniversall peace compound all ciuill iarre. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 3. He reconciled also unto Pompeivs, M. Crassvs, an olde enemie ever since that consulship which they bare together with exceeding much jarring and disagreement. Holland. Suetonius, p. 8. On easy numbers fix your happy choice; Of jarring sounds avoid the odious noise. Dryden. The Art of Poetry. Since endless jarrings, and immortal hate, Tend but to discompose our happy State; The war henceforward be resign'd to fate. Id. Virgil. Eneis, b. x. Grave brethren of the gown Preach all Faith up, and preach all Reason down, Making those jar whom Reason meant to join, And vesting in themselves a right divine. Churchill. Gotham, b. iii. So should an idiot, while at large he strays, Find the sweet lyre, on which an artist plays, With rash and awkward force the chord he shakes, And grins with wonder at the jar he makes. Cowper. Conversation. JAR, v. Fr. Jare; It. Giarro; Sp. Jarro, And thei sein sothliche. and so doth the Sarrasyns That Jesus was bote a jogelour. a japer amonge the co- gyalum, giala, giarra. A jar is an earthen vessel; mune.-Piers Ploukman, p. 302. perhaps from ge-er-ed, earthed, or earthen, the past part. of the A. S. Ge-er-ian, to ear. A jar, -an earthen vessel; jarred fruit, fruit Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1733. packed in such earthen vessel. Passing from hence Westward along the South coast of Was meant at first; why forcing still about Thy labouring wheele, comes scarce a pitcher out. Or, climbing to a hilly steep, Or shears his overburthen'd sheep, The arrowes which they vse are made with great cunning, stone & hard marble & other sharp stones. Or mead for cooling drink prepares, 'Tis hurtful in the footed jar to eat, JARGON, v. JA'RGON, n. JARGONING, n. Lye,) together with the verb to jar, (qv.) seem to approach very nearly to the A. S. Girran, garrire, to babble, prate, or chatter. Menage derives from Barbaricus, and his editor from Græcum. Skinner from the It. Chierico, lingua chiericona, i.e. Lingua clericorum, i.e. the Latin, to the vulgar an unknown tongue, though obliged to hear prayers in it. To jargon, in Gower, seems to be, to utter inarticulate sounds. Jargon, a language which either himself (the speaker) or his hearers understand not, (Cotgrave;) unintelligible babble or talk; confused, incoherent chatter. Full faire seruice, and eke full swete Chaucer. The Rom. of the Rose. Of divers sorts of jaspers, all the East part (by report) are Fr. Jargonner, jargon; It. carrie it ordinarily about them as a countercharme. Holland. Plinie, b. xxxvii. c. 9. The etymon, like the signification of the term, certain. And ther sayd a than gold? Jaspre. The Latine vales eternal verdure wear, Fenton. Epistle to Mr. Lambard. Cowper. Task, b. iii. clerk ones in two vers; what is better Luxuriant above all His stone is jaspe and of plantaine JASP. Fr. Jaspe; It. Jaspide; Lat. Jaspis; Golde was the parget, and the seeling bright For then ye wyl be wroken Of euery light quarel And cal a lord a iauel.-Skelton. The Boke of Colin Clout. How much more abhominable is that pieuish pride in a lewde vnthriftye iauell, that hath a purse as peniles as any pore pedler, and hath yet an hert as high as mani a mighti prince.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1272. Now, when-as Time flying with wings swift, JAVELIN. Fr. Javeline, javelot; It. Gia- A weapon of size between the pike and the partisan. And many of them from vnder the chariots and from among the wheles, did thrust at our menne with pikes and jauelins [tragulas] and wounded them. Goldinge. Cæsar, fol. 20. When his citizens had permitted and granted unto him [Pittacus] to haue and enjoy those lands which he had conquered from the enemy, as much as he would himselfe; hee stood contented with so much, and no more as lay within one fling, or shot of the javelin which he lanced himself. Holland. Plutarch, p. 309. JAUNDICED. When the armie was thus ordred in battaile array into those bands and squadrons, the javeliniers foremost of all began the fight.-Id. Livivs, p. 286. The spearmen or javelottiers of the vaward, and the principes of the middle ward, who stood readie armed in guard for the defence of the pioners, made head and received them with fight.-Id. Ib. p. 264. But lest new wounds on wounds o'erpower us quite, Skinner says,-strenuè am bulare, from the Fr. Jancer, which, after Cotgrave, he interprets,-to stir an horse in the stable till he swart (sweat) with all; or, Cotgrave adds,as our to jaunt; (an old word.) To jaunt is (as in common usage) JA'UNTINESS. JAUNTE'E. Their arms were short javelins, small shields of a slight texture, and great cutting swords with a blunt point, after the Gaulish fashion. Burke. An Abridgment of English History, b. i c. 11. JAUNCE, v. JAUNT, n. To make short, flighty excursions; to flit to and fro; to move airily, lightly, giddily about. And janty, or jaunty. Flighty or fluttering; airy, light; moving lightly airily. Then afterward he was set vpon an vnbroken coult with his face to the horse tayle, and so caused to ride a gallop & iaunted til he were breathlesse. Bale. Pageant of Popes, fol. 127. Guard. 'Las I'm weary with the walk, Nur. I am weary, giue me leaue awhile, Millon. Paradise Regained, b. iv. Yalden. The Sea and the Banks. The most fruitful in genius's is the French nation; we owe most of our janty fashions now in vogue to some adept beau among them.-Guardian, No. 149. I felt a certain stiffness in my limbs, which entirely de- A bag-wig of a jauntee air, But wheras he [the Pope] was long before sicke of the yelowe iaundise, then the disease began to woorke so sore vpon that he died the twentye daye after the election. Bale. Pageant of Popes, fol. 196 Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 8. But when he hath had enough of this, and would shut nd close his mouth again, he letteth fall the upper chaw a ttle, which is a warning unto the bird for to get forth but e never bringeth both iawes together, before he knows that he trochilus is flown out.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 799. He may be compared to one so jaw-fallen with over-long The rest called jaw-teeth or grinders, in Latin molares, are 1ade flat and broad a top and withall somewhat uneven and igged, that by their knobs and little cavities they may the etter retain, grind, and commix the aliments. Ray. Of the Creation, pt. ii. And o'er his lank jaw-bone, in piteous plight His black rough beard was matted rank and vile. Thomson. The Castle of Indolence. Till then, ye elements, rest, and thou firm earth, Ope not thy yawning jaws, but let this monster Stalk his due time on thine affrighted surface. Mason. Elfrida. JAY. Fr. Jay, geay, gay, gaion; Dut. Ka, ae, kawn. Skinner and Minshew,- from the ound which it utters. Now had this Phebus in his hous a crowe, Chaucer. The Manciples Tale, v. 17,081. Pope. Essay on Man, Ep. 3. And if you breake the ice, and do this seeke [feat] Shakespeare. Taming of the Shrew, Act i. sc. 2. ith snow, frost, hail, and sleet, and found sterne winter stroug ith mighty isles of ice, and mountains huge and long. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 19. I see your teares, that from your boughs do raine, Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. Januarie. Bleak Winter is from Norway come, Milton. Ode on the Death of a Fair Infant. This seems to be the main difference betwixt solid ice and fluid water, that in the one the parts (whether by any newly acquired texture, or for want of sufficient heat to keep them in motion) being at rest against one another, resist those endeavours of our fingers to displace them, to which in the other, the parts being already in motion, easily give way. Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 387. Then appears The various labour of the silent night: Prone from the dripping cave, and dumb cascade, Whose idle torrents only seem to roar, The pendent icicle. The insects that infest fruits are either of the ichneumon R. Brunne, p. 122. Ay kind or Phalænæ. Plums, peas, nuts, &c. produce some or other ichneumon-fly. Thomson. Winter. And solid floods, That stretch'd, athwart the solitary vast, Their icy horrours to the frozen main. Id. Ib. At dinner, select transformations of Ovid's Metamorphoses were exhibited in confectionary: and the splended iceing of an immense historic plumb-cake, was embossed with a delicious basso-relievo of the destruction of Troy. Warton. History of English Poetry, vol. iii. s. 43. Silently as a dream the fabric rose; No sound of hammer or of saw was there: Ice upon ice the well-adjusted parts Were soon conjoin'd, nor other cement ask'd. Cowper. Task, b. v. In climes beyond the solar road, To cheer the shivering native's dull abode. Gray. The Progress of Poesy. ICHNE UMON. Mus Indicus, or Indian mouse; Gr. Ixvevμwv, from xvev-ev, vestigare, to watch, quia vestigat crocodilos. (See the quotation from Pliny.) Vossius adds another reason for the name, because it roots or searches with its snout for its food. Also the name of an insect. Now when he is lulled as it were fast asleepe with this pleasure and contentment of his the rat of India, or ichneumon, spieth his vantage, and seeing him lie thus broad gaping, whippeth into his mouth, and shooteth himselfe downe his throat as quicke as an arrow, and then gnaweth his bowels, eateth an hole through his bodie, and so killeth him.-Holland. Plinie, b. viii. c. 25. Derham. Physico-Theology, b. viii. c. 6. Note 4. ICHNOGRAPHY.) Fr. Ichnographie; It. ICHNOGRAPHICAL. Icnografia; Sp. Ichnografia; Lat. Ichnographia; Gr. Ixvoypapia, from Xvos, vestigium, and ypaon, scriptura, descriptio, a description or delineation. See the first quotation from Evelyn. Ichnography, by which we are to understand the very first design and ordinance of a work or edifice, together with every partition and opening drawn by rule and compass upon the area or floor, by artists often call'd the geometrical plan or plat-forme, as in our reddition of the parallel. The Greeks would name it xvous papn, vestigii descriptio, or rather vestigium operis, the superficial efformation of the future work, which our ground-plot does fully interpret. Evelyn. Of Architects & Architecture. Perrault has assisted the text with a figure, or ichnographical plot.-Id. Ib. I'CHOR. Gr. Ixwp, sanies, vel sanguis nonI'CHOROSE. dum præparatus, sive crudus, (Lennep;) such as was attributed to the gods by Homer, in loco sanguinis. Some [animals] there are in the land, which were never maintained to be in the sea, as panthers, hyænas, camels, sheep, moles, and others, which carry no name in icthyology, nor are to be found in the exact descriptions of Rondeletius, Gesner, or Aldrovandus. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 24. ICK, ter. Gr. Ikos ;-σxus, strength or power: The Gr. as analytic, that can or may analyse. IKOS became the Lat. Ivus. (See IVE.) The A. S. Ic-an, to eke, to add, to adjoin, and, consequentially, to confirm, to add strength or power, is probably the radical word. See 16, ISн. ICONOCLAST. Į Fr. Iconoclaste; from Gr. ICONOCLA'STICK. SEIKOV, an image, and κλασrns, a breaker, from Kλα-ev, frangere, to break. An image-breaker. I remember only one thing objected to this testimony of so many bishops, that they were iconoclasts, or breakers of images, and therefore not to be trusted in any other article. Bp. Taylor. Of the Real Presence, s. 12. Under his auspices [Constantinus Copronymus] a council of iconoclasts was held, in which the adoration and the use of images was condemned. Their decrees were put in execution, and a massacre of painted and wooden gods ensued. Jortin. Remarks on Ecclesiastical History, an. 741. Both were embellished with a profusion of statues; most of those at York were destroyed in the first emotions of iconoclastic zeal; those of Burgos are still in full possession of the homages of the country, and consequently entire. Swinburne. Spain, Let. 44. ICONOGRAPHY. Gr. Eikovоypapia, a description of images, from eKwv, an image, and Ypap-ew, to write or describe. The inspection alone of these curious iconographies of temples and palaces affects one as much by reading almost, as by sight.-Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 269. ICONOMICAL. Gr. Eikovoμaxos, one who is adverse or inimical to images, from Ekwv, an image, and μaxn, pugna. We should be too iconomical [or quarrelsome with pictures-Margin] to question the pictures of the winds, as commonly drawn in humane heads, and with their cheeks distended.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. v. c. 21. ICTE/RICAL. Fr. Ictère, ictérique; Lat. Ictericus; Gr. IKTEPIKOS, from iKew, venire, obvenire, q. d. subitò adveniens vel occupans scilicet morbus, Sick of, troubled with, the yellow (Lennep.) jaundice, (Cotgrave.) Our understandings, if a crime be lodged in the will, being like icterical eyes, transmitting the species to the soul with prejudice, disaffection, and colours of their own fram ing.-Bp. Taylor. Great Exemplar, pt. ii. ad. s. 12. IDE'A. IDEAL. IDEALISM. IDEALIST. IDEALLY. IDEOLOGY. For the usage of this word by IDE'ATE, v. the Greek philosophers, see the the quotation from Holland's Plutarch; for modern usage, see those from Locke and Reid. Fr. Idée; It. and Sp. Idea; Lat. Idea; Gr. Idea, from eid-eiv, videre, to see. Formæ quas ideas vocant; nostri, si qui hæc forte tractant, species appellant, (Cicero.) Gloryenge in the sublymyte of their wyttes, they wolde be taken for men much wyser than were the Apostles and prophetes, and in their doynges preferred the idees or ymagynacyons of Plato to ye eternal spirite of Christ. Bale. English Votaries, pt. ii. Idea is a bodilesse substance, which of itselfe hath no subsistence, but giveth figure and forme unto shapelesse matters, and becommeth the very cause that bringeth them into show and evidence. Socrates and Plato suppose, that |