Bright Hebe waits; by Hebe, ever young,
The whirling wheels are to the chariot hung.
On the bright axle turns the bidden wheel
Of sounding brasse the polished axle steel.
Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. 5.
-Hebe to the chariot roll'd
The brazen wheels, and join'd them to the smooth
Bright axle.
Cowper. Ib.

And bade her spirits bear him far,
In Merlin's agate-axled car,
To her green isle's enamell'd steep,
Far in the navel of the deep.

T. Wharton. The grave of King Arthur.
AY, ad. (Sax. Ever, Tyrwhitt.) Goth. An
Aiva, eis awva, in æternum, withouten eende.
For ever; ever, always.

Of port benigne, and wonder glad of chere,
Hauing euermore her trew advertence
Alway to reason: so that her desire
Is brideled aie, by wit and prouidence.
Thereto of witte, and of hie prudence
She is the welle, aie deuoid of pride
That vnto vertue, her seluen is the gide.

Lidgate. The Floure of Curtesie.
For thilke blood, whiche shuld haue ease,
To regne amonge the moiste veines
Is drie of thilke vnkindely peines,
Through whiche enuie is fired aie.

Gower. Con. A. b. ii. Faire Hermia, question your desires, Know of your youth, examine well your blood, Whether (if you yeeld not to your father's choice) You can endure the liuery of a nunne, For aye to be in shady cloister mew'd, To liue a barren sister all your life.

Shakespeare. Midsummer Night's Dreame, Act i. sc. 1.

And join with thee calm Peace, and Quiet,

Spare Fast, that oft with gods doth diet,
And hears the Muses in a ring

Ay round about Jove's altar sing.-Milton. Il Penseroso. And much, and oft, he warn'd him to eschew Falsehood and guile, and aye maintain the right; By pleasure unseduc'd, unaw'd by lawless might. Beattie. Minstrel. AYE. Tooke thinks is the imperative of a verb of northern extraction; and means have it, possess it, enjoy it. In Swedish, German, and Dutch, it is Ja; Goth. Ya, or Ja; A. S. Gea, Ja. In Shakespeare (old editions) constantly written I.

Be not bablers, or full of words, that is roλuλoyo, wherby the same thing is signified; yet are not long prayers heere condemned, but those that are vayne. fond, and superstitious. Whitgift. Defence, p. 804.

VOL. I.

Direct his eye and contemplation through those azure fields and vast regions above him, up to the fixt stars, that radiant numberless host of heaven; and make him understand, how unlikely a thing it is, that they should be placed there only to adorn and bespangle a canopy over our heads. Wollaston. Religion of Nature, s. 5.

A'ZYME. Gr. Ağvuos, without ferment, composed of a, priv. and Juun, ferment, (Menage.) See Azymus in Vossius.

This word appears to have been used by the translators of the Bibles published at Douay and Rhemes.

They had, (they said,) [i. e. the translators of K. James's bible], on the one side avoided the scrupulosity of the puritanes, who left the old ecclesiastical words and betook them to other, as when they put washing for baptism, and congregation for church; and on the other hand, had shunned the obscuritie of the papists in their azymes, tunike, rational, holocausts, prepuce, pasche, and a number of such like, whereof their late translation was full, and that of purpose to darken the sense, that since they must needs translate the Bible, yet by the language thereof it might be kept from being understood.-Preface to King James's Bible.

The Phariseis had babished the simple people, with fained and colde religion, and had tangled theyr consciences with mannes ordinaunces.-Id. John, c. 7.

Neuerthelesse we do not thus babyshe womankynde, as thoughe we woulde exclude them from the felowshyp of saluation.-Id. Timothye, c. 3.

Surely those who are acquainted with the hopes and fears of eternity, might think it necessary to put some restraint upon their imagination: and reflect that by echoing the songs of the ancient bacchanals, and transmitting the maxims of past debauchery, they not only prove that they want invention, but virtue.-Johnson. Rambler, No. 29.

BACHELOR. Fr. Bachelier; It. Bacce

Bachelor is now generally applied to any man before his marriage. Ben Jonson applies it to an unmarried woman.

Ych wol the marie wel with the thridde part of my londe,
To the noblest bacheler, that thyn herte wol to stonde.
R. Gloucester, p. 30.
Tho he ymad hym a fayr ost of this bachelerie,
He com ageyn in to this lond out of Scicie.-Id. p. 76.
With him ther was his sone, a yonge squier,
A lover, and a lusty bacheler,

With lockes crull as they were laide in press.
Chaucer. Prologue, v. 80.

Phebus, that was flour of bachelerie,
As wel in fredom, as in chivalrie.

And if thou were of suche lignage,
That thou to me were of parage,
And that thy father were a pere,
As he is nowe a bachilere.

So siker as I haue a life,

Thou shuldest than be my wife.-Gower. Con. A. b. i.

So thro' the whole course of his bachellorship there was
never any one in the then memory of man (so I have been
informed by certain seniors of that college at my first coming
thereunto) that ever went beyond him [John Hales] for
subtle disputations in philosophy, for his eloquent declama-
tions and orations; as also for his exact knowledge in the
Greek tongue.-Wood. Athenæ Oxon. vol. ii. p. 109.

It would not, methinks, be amiss if an old batchelor, who
lives in contempt of matrimony, were obliged to give a
portion to an old maid who is willing to enter into it.
Tatler, No. 261.

Faire maide send forth thine eye, this youthful parcell
Of noble batchellors, stand at my bestowing,

It must disappoint every reader's expectation, that, when at the usual time he [Swift] claimed the bachelorship of arts, he was found by the examiners too conspicuously deficient

for regular admission, and obtained his degree at last by

special favor; a term used in that university to denote
want of merit.-Johnson. Life of Swift.

Ore whom both soueraigne power, and father's voice

I haue to vse; thy franke election make,

Thou hast power to choose, and they none to forsake.
Shakespeare. All's Well, Act ii. sc. 3.
Wee doc not truste your vncle, hee woulde keepe you
A batchler still, by keeping of your portion:
And keepe you not alone without a husband,

But in a sicknesse.-B. Jonson. The Magnetick Lady.

BACK, v. A. S. Bac, Barc; Ger. Bach;
BACK, n.
Sw. Bak. See BACKWARD.
BACK, ad.
BACKED.
move him backwards.

To back a horse, is to mount

To back a friend, &c. is to stand to his back, to support, uphold, assist, encourage him.

Back is much used as a prefix: before nouns it may be denoted an adjective; before verbs, an adverb.

Philip of Flandres fleih & turned sonne the bak,

& Thebald nouht ne deih, schame of tham men spak.
R. Brunne, p. 133.
Backe hem nogt bote lete hem worthe tyl Leaute be justice,
And have power to punyshe hym.-Piers Plouhman, p. 26.

Hire yelwe here was broided in a tresse,
Behind hire back, a yerde long I gesse.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1052.
This moder is deuided on the backhalfe with a line that
cometh discendynge fro the ring downe to the netherest
bordure. Id. The Conclusions of the Astrolabie.

}

Bachilers, Baccalaurii, (Lye); but without cit-
ing any authority. Somner has not the word.
Wachter suggests, that when applied to students
in theology, it may be compounded of the Saxon
boc, liber, biblia, and lareow, doctor: and when
applied to persons of a certain military rank, he
approves of the etymology of Fauchet, viz. that
Bachelers are so called, quasi bas chevaliers, be-
cause they were lower in dignity than the milites
bannereti; with, though behind, whom they were
allowed to sit. He rejects, as destitute of autho-
rity, the opinion of Calepinus, that a chaplet of
laurel berries was placed upon them, and that
they were thence called Baccalaurei. The word
has probably but one origin, which would account
for its various applications. Kilian adopts the pleasaunt orchardes full of trees: being ye chiefe delyght merly pretty famous for much animosity and dissention, the
chief families of which have now turned all their whispers,
opinion of Ludovicus Vives, that that soldier is
backbitings, envies, and private malices, into mirth and
called Battalarius, who has once been engaged in
entertainment.-Spectator, No. 327.
battle (battalia); and also, in literary warfare, he
is called Battalarius, who has publicly engaged in hierarchy than his cooler predecessor) yet this he can say
dispute upon any subject. See also Du Cange
and Menage.

Then tooke she her strong lance, with steele made keene,
Great, massie, actiue, that whole hoasts of men
(Though all heroes) conquers; if her ire
Their wrongs inflame, backt by so great a sire.
Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. i.
The houses of that countrey have large backesydes, and

There is a town in Warwickshire of good note, and for

of Prynces, and great lordes there.
Brende. Quint. Cur. fol. 176.
To begin with Beza. (though a truer back friend to the

for ours.-Bp. Hall. Episcopacy Asserted.

The other Highlanders, who did not such military execuId. The Manciple's Tale, v. 17,074. tions, yet were good at robbing: and when they had got as much as they could carry home on their backs, they deserted. Burnet. Own Time, b. i. Sin is never at a stay; if we do not retreat from it, we shall advance in it; and the farther on we go, the more we have to come back.-Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 16.

Where behynde a man's backe

For though he preise, he fint some lacke,
Whiche of his tale is ay the laste,

That all the price shall ouercaste.-Gower. Con. A. b. ii.
Not the bewtie of his body, not the great occasio of sinne,
were able to pull him back into the voluptuouse brode way,
that leadeth to hell.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 6.

Richarde the Third, little of stature, ill fetured of limmes, croke backed, his left shoulder much higher then his right, hard fauoured of visage.-Id. Ib. p. 37.

See I not gaunt revenge, ensanguin'd slaughter,
And mad ambition, clinging to thy soul,
Eager to snatch thee back to their domain,
Back to a vain and miserable world?-Mason. Caraclacus.

For ghostly counsel; if it either fall
Below the exigence, or be not back'd
With show of love, at least with hopeful proof
Of some sincerity on th' giver's part;

•

.

Drops from the lips a disregarded thing.

Couper. Task, b. ii.

To defame, to slander, to revile, (any one absent.)

In A. S. Bacslitol, from Slitan, to slit, to tear in pieces, is a backbiter, a slanderer.

Gut am ich brocor of bagge bytynge. and blame mennes

ware

Among marchauns many tymes.-Piers Plouhman, p. 92.
Among the comunes in court. he cometh but selde
For brawelynge and bacbytynge, and beryng of false whitt-
Id. p. 283.
With alle the wyles that he can. [he] waggeth the roote
Thorw bak byters and braweleres. and thorwe bold chy-
deres.
Id. p. 306.

nesse.

My britheren nyle ye bacbite ech othire: he that bacbitith his brothir, either that demeth his brothir, bacbitith the lawe, and demeth the lawe.-Wiclif. James, c. 4.

Backbite not one another, brethre. He that backbiteth hys brother, and he that judgeth hys brother, backebiteth the lawe, and iudgeth the law.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

This sinne of backbiting or detracting hath certain spices, as thus som man preiseth his neighbour by a wicked entente, for he maketh alway a wicked knotte at the last ende: alway he maketh a but at the last ende, that is digne of more blame, than is worth all the preising. The second spice is, that if a man be good, or doth or sayth a thing to good entente, the backbiter wol turne all that goodnesse up

so doun to his shrewde entente.

BACKSLIDE.

What region can afford a worthy place

For his exalted flesh? Heau'n is too base,
He scarce would touch it in his swift ascent,
The orbes fled backe (like Jordan) as he went.

BACKSLIDER.
BACKSLIDING.
BACKFALLER.
that of King James.

Sir J. Beaumont. On Ascension Day. turning back," in the older versions; in King
He brought our Saviour to the western side
James's, "backsliding.” Joye uses the word
Of that high mountain, whence he might behold
backfaller.
Another plain, long, but in bredth not wide,
Wash'd by the Southern sea, and on the north
To equal length back'd with a ridge of hills
That screen'd the fruits of th' earth and seats of men
From cold Septentrion blasts.

To slide, or slip, back; (sc.) from good and virtuous principles or practices; to return to evil; to forsake or abandon good for evil.

Milton. Paradise Regained, b. iv. Wherefore being well backed and stood to by his kinsmen, friends, and followers, he practised to make a stir among the Sabyns.-North. Plutarch, p. 90.

Chaucer. The Personnes Tale.

-Many envious tale is stered,
Where that it maie not be answered.
But yet full ofte it is beleued
And many a worthy loue is grened
Through backbityng of fals enuie.-Gower. Con. A. b. ii.

He [M. Marcellus] knew full well that there were many Sicilians in the townes and villages neere unto the citie, backbiters and slaunderers of him, whom for his owne part he was so far off from hindering, but that they might freely for all him, divulgate and publish abroad in Rome, all those crimes which were devised and spoken against him by his adversaries.-Holland. Livy, p. 604.

And the apostle ranks back-biters with fornicators, and murderers, and haters of God; and with those of whom it is expressly said that they shall not inherit the kingdom of God.-Tillotson, vol. i. Ser. 43.

From back and slide. The word does not appear to have been used in our ver

sions of the Bible prior to "Disobedient, rebellious,

Onias with many lyke backfallers from God fled inte Egypte.-Joye. Expos. of Daniel, c. 11.

Corrupting Nero to all kinde of mischiefe, some things attempting vnwitting to him, and at last a traitor and backslider from him; whereupon both the ill and well willers of Nero, vpon diuers respects, cried out importunatly to make him away.-Savile. Tacitus. Hist. b. i.

Neither fear, neither danger, neither yet doubting, nor backsliding, can utterly destroy and quench the faith of God's elect, but that alwayes there remaineth with them some root and spark of faith, howbeit in their anguish, they neither feel nor can discern the same.

John Knox. The Admonition, p. 76.

I have tasted of the sweetness of the heavenly gift, and of the powers of the world to come, yet I have fallen back to my carnal temper, from the holy ways of God, and have again backslided and wallowed in my former pollutions, from which I seemed sometimes to be cleansed and refined. Hopkins. Works, p. 535.

He is able to save the oldest sinners, those that have frequently relapsed into the same sins, and the greatest and most notorious backsliders, if they do but at last repent and return to him.-Id. Ib. p. 536.

BAC

Here meeting with a smooth, though slippery path,

I hurried on, but with back sliding haste,

The trodden slime my tottering ancle turn'd.
West. The Triumphs of the Gout.
BACON. Evidently the past part. of A. S.
Baran, to bake, or to dry by heat, (Tooke, ii. 71.)
Applied to

Swine's flesh dried by heat.

The bacon was not fit for him, I trow,

That som men have in Essex at Donmow.

Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Prol. v. 5799.
Dry grapes he in his lib'rall mouth doth beare,
And bits of bacon, which half eaten were.

J. Beaumont. Horace, b. ii. Sat. 6. What frightens you thus, my good son?" says the priest: You murder'd, are sorry, and have been confest." O father! my sorrow will scarce save my bacon: For 'twas not that I murder'd, but that I was taken.' Prior. The Thief and the Cordelier. From back and ward. Ward in the A. S. Ward, or weard, is the imperative of the verb wardian, or weardian, to look at, or to direct the view. (Tooke, i. 408.) Ward may propriety be joined to the name of any person, place, or thing, to or from which our view or sight may be directed. In Shakespeare, "The dark backward or abysm of time;" is the point of time, back, or passed, to which our view may be directed: to be backward, is to be after or behind others, or (met.) as those are, whose sight, views, thoughts, wishes, inclinations are directed back; and who thus areSlow, dilatory, unwilling, reluctant; (sc.) to step or move forward.

BACKWARDNESS.

with

BACKWARD, n.
BACKWARD, U.
BACKWARD, adj.
BACKWARD, or
BACKWARDS, ad.
BACKWARDLY.

R. tille him ran, a stroke on him he fest,

He smote him in the helm, bakward he bare his stroupe. R. Brunne, p. 190. Whanne sche hadde seid these thingis, sche turnyde bakword and sigh Jhesus stondynge, and wiste not that it was lesus-Wiclif. Jon. c. 21.

And thou, Simois, that as an arow clere
Through Troy rennest.
returne backwarde to thy well.

•

•

Chaucer. Troil. & Cres. b. iv.

He ran, but ran with eye o're shoulder cast,
More marking her, than how himself did go;
Like Numid lions by the hunters chac'd,
Though they do fly, yet backwardly do glow
With proud aspect.
Sidney. Arcadia, b. i.
But how is it
That this liues in thy minde? What seest thou els
In the dark backward and abisme of time?

If thou remembrest ought ere thou cam'st here,
How thou cam'st here thou maist.

BAD

Where then lies the difficulty; what should be the cause of all this backwardness which we see in men to so plain, so necessary, and so beneficial a duty ?

Young, Sat. 1.

The wisdom of the Roman republic in their veneration for custom, and backwardness to introduce a new law, was perhaps the cause of their long continuance, and of the Virtues of which they have set the world so many examples. Goldsmith. Essay on Custom and Law.

BAD.
In the Goth. we find bauths,
BA'DLY. sardus, baudai, surdi: and Junius
BA'DNESS. observes, that, as whatever has lost
its odour or its savour is called surdum in Latin,
so in the Codex Argenteus, baud is, insipidus, fa-
tuus. Luke xiv. 34. Gabai salt baud wairthith;
sic sal evanuerit, (infatuetur, Beza.) And he sug-
gests, that from this last acceptation of the word,
we may have taken our bad, malus, inutilus. (Ju-
That which is bad
nius, Goth. Gloss. p. 85.)
then, would be like salt which has lost its savour;
i.e. of no use, unfit for any useful purpose; cor-
rupted, spoilt. As Mad is from the A. S. Mat-an,
and Sad from A. S. Sat-an, may not Bad be from
the A. S. Beat-an, to beat: thus, beat-ed, or bated,
bat'd, bad; i.e. beaten, or worsted; and then used
actively? Tooke thinks it is the past part. of the
verb To Bay, i.e. to vilify, to bark at, to reproach,
to express abhorrence, hatred, defiance, &c.
Bayed, Baed, i.e. Bay'd, Ba'd, abhorred, hated,
defied, i.e. Bad. (Div. of Purley, 8vo ed.) Bad,
consequentially, is

Hurtful, injurious, destructive, mischievous,
vicious, wicked, ill; worthless, depraved.

So longe hom spedde baddeliche, that hii migte as wel bline.-R. Gloucester, p. 566.

Shakespeare. Tempest, Act i. sc. 2. Amongst all other encumbrances and delays in our way to heaven, there is no one that doth so clog and trash, so advantage and backward us, and in fine, so cast us behind in our race; as a contentedness in a formal worship of God, an acquiescence and resting satisfied in outward performauces-Hammond, Ser. 15.

On each hand the flames
Driv'n backward slope their pointing spires, and rowld
In billows, leave i' th' midst a horrid vale.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. i.
Our Britaines' hearts dye flying, not our men.
To darknesse fleete soules that flye backwards: stand!
Or we are Romanes, and will give you that
Like beasts, which you shun beastly.

Shakespeare. Cymbeline, Act v. sc. 3.

For in my conscience, I was the first man
That ere receiued guift from him.

Ani does he thinke so backwardly of me now,
That he requite it last ?-Id. Timon of Athens, Act ii. sc.3.

Tillotson, vol. i. Ser. 24.
Men should press forward in fame's glorious chace;
Nobles look backward, and so lose the race.

Deep would he sigh, and seem empassion'd sore,
And oft with tears his backward heart deplore,
That loving all he could, he lov'd that love no more.
P. Fletcher. The Purple Island, c. 9.

Of sondry doutes thus they jangle and trete,
As lewd peple demen comunly

Of thinges, that ben made more subtilly,
Than they can in hir lewednesse comprehende,
They demen gladly to the badder ende.

Chaucer. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,538.
Selden or with gret peine ben causes ybrought to a good
ende, whan they ben badly begonne.-Id. Tale of Melibeus.

Let me therefore beseech you once again to be serious in labouring after it, and to take pains with your backward hearts to bring them to it; have God always before your eyes; let him remain continually in your thoughts. Beveridge, vol. ii. Ser. 142. He sent a messenger to the old king of Aromaia, named Topiowary, who came the next day before noon, on foot, from his house, and return'd the same evening, being twenty-eight miles backwards and forwards, though himself was one hundred and ten years of age. Oldys. Life of Sir W. Ralegh.

I told ye then he should prevail and speed
On his bad errand; man should be seduc't
And flatter'd out of all, believing lies
Against his Maker.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. x.

whence, further, in Wachter's opinion, the Fr. Bague, a ring which likewise is applied to the reward bestowed on, or prize gained by, him, that does best in any game or exercise, (Cotgrave.) Hence, then, to any—

Mark, or note, sign or ensign, of distinction.

Therefore (q.d. she) if any wight should yeue a trew sentence on soche matters, the cause of the disease maiest thou see well, vnderstande therevpon after what end it draweth, that is to sayne good or bad, so ought it to haue his fame by goodnesse, or enfame by badnesse.-Id. Test. of Loue, b. i. For ofte tyme thei despise

The good fortune as the bad.-Gower. Can. A. b. i.

Christ hath so lefte loue and charity for ye badge of his christe people, that he cōmaudeth euery ma so largelye to loue other, that his loue shold exted & stretch vnto his enу. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 314. If thou wylte take vpon the to be Christes disciple, see that thou weare his badge, christen charitie. Udal. Prologue to Eph. Their hands and faces were all badg'd with blood, So with their daggers, which vnwip'd, we found Shakes. Macbeth, Act ii. sc. 3. Vpon their pillowes.

When he [Sylla] was in his chiefest authority, he would commonly eat and drink with the most impudent jesters and scoffers, and all such rake-hells, and made profession of counterfeit mirth, and would strive with the baddest of them to give the finest mocks.-North. Plutarch, p. 386.

Crashaw. The Hymn of the Holy Cross.
Had Fs shop lyen fallow but from hence,
His doores close seal'd as in some pestilence.
Whiles his light heeles their fearfull flight can take,
To get some badg-lesse blow upon his backe?

Bp. Hall, b. iv. Sat. 5. The great badge of our religion, the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, is so shamefully laid aside, that a great part of the kingdom never receive it at all, and very few as oiten as the law requires.-Beveridge, vol. i. Ser. 24.

Thereupon puffed vp with pride, as a conquerour of publicke seruitude, he [Nero] went to the capitoll, and gaue thanks to the gods: letting loose the raines to all lusts and licenciousnes of life, which before badly restrained, yet the reuerence towards his mother, such as it was, did in some sort bridle.-Grenewey. Tacitus. Annales, b. xiv.

Look up, languishing soul! Lo where the faire
Badge of thy faith calls back thy care,
And bids thee ne'er forget

Every one must see and feel, that bad thoughts quickly ripen into bad actions; and that if the latter only are forbidden, and the former left free, all morality will soon be at an

end.-Porteus, vol. i. Lect. 7.

Thy life is one long debt

Of love to him, who on this painful tree
Paid back the flesh he took for thee.

The fact is, that charity, or love to man in all its extent,

being the most eminent of all the evangelical virtues, being that which Christ has made the very badge and discrimina

ting mark of his religion, is here constituted by him the representative of all other virtues.-Porteus, vol. ii. Lect. 20.

Howell, b. ii. Let. 2.

In the case of hunting the fox or the badger, a man cannot
justify breaking the soil, and digging him out of his earth:
for though the law warrants the hunting of such noxious
animals for the public good, yet it is held that such things
must be done in an ordinary and usual manner.
Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iii. c. 12.
Of unsettled etymology. Fr.
Beffler, from the It. Beffare,
to deceive, mock, or gull with
fair words, &c.-Fr. Baffouer, to baffle, abuse,
revile, disgrace, handle basely in terms, give re-
Junius thinks these French
proachful words to.
words have some affinity with the Dutch Baffen
or Bluffen, to bark, (to bay,) whence also Ver-
plete rule and standard, whereby to judge of the goodness blaffen and Verbluffen, to baffle, to put out of coun-

BAFFLE, v.
BA'FFLE, n.
BAFFLER.

It will be a third good use of what has been discoursed,
if we learn from thence, not to measure doctrines by persons,
or persons by doctrines; that is, not to make one a com-

or of the vol. Ser. 2.

tenance. In addition to the above explanations— To baffle, is to defeat by perplexing, confusing, deceiving; to render or make useless, and ineffectual.

The badness of the weather likewise, for several years
past, obliges me to think of making some abatements in my
rents, which I cannot possibly settle unless I am present.
Melmoth. Pliny, b. x. Let. 11.
BADGE. Skinner thinks from the Dutch,
BA'DGED. Bagghe, gemma; from the Lat.
BA'DGELESS. Bacca; and thence also the Fr.
Beage,
Bague, a ring. In the A. S. we find
corona, sertum, a crown, a garland: also, Armilla,
monile, a bracelet to wear on the arm or wrist; a
jewell to hang about one's neck, a necklace:"
perhaps, says Somner, from the A. S. Bugan, or
Bygan, to bend, to curve, to bow; whence also
the Bar. Lat. Bauca and Bauga, armilla; and

123

BA'DGER, n.

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BADGER, v. I Junius offers no etymology. Skinner says, perhaps, from the Dutch Back, a cheek, a jaw, q.d. backer, (i. e.) endowed with strong jaws : et est sane animal mordacissimum.

To badger, is to hunt, pursue, pester, persecute; as the badger is hunted, bayed, barked at, &c.

Hys [the apes] wyse wylye confessoure sware after vnto the Bageard, that he was weary to syt so long and heare him.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1183.

These being the holiest things, were to be taken down and trussed up by the priests, some of them in blue silk, some in scarlet, some in purple cloth, all in badgers' skins, and the bars and carriages to be put to them by the priests, as is prescribed-Spellman. On Tythes, p. 84.

The fangs of a bear, and the tusks of a wild boar, do not bite worse, and make deeper gashes, than a goosequill sometimes; no not the badger himself, who is said to be so tenacious of his bite, that he will not give over his hold till he feels his teeth meet, and the bones crack.

And furthermore, the erle bad the herauld to saye to his master, that if he for his part kept not his appoyntment, then he was content, that the Scottes should baffull him, which is a great reproche among the Scottes, and is vsed when a man is openly periured, and then they make of hym an image paynted reuersed, with hys heles vpwarde, with hys name, wonderyng, cryenge and blowing out of hym with hornes, in the moost dispitefull manner they can. In token that he is too be exiled the compaignie of all good creatures. Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 5. First, he is beard did shaue, and foully shent Then from him reft his shield, and it r'enverst, And blotted out his armes with falshood blent, And himselfe baffuld, and his armes vnherst, And broke his sword in twaine, and all his armour sperst. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 3.

BAGPIPE, n. Į A wind instrument. From BAGPIPER. Banks. Why, foolish boy, dost thou know him? bag and pipe: the bag to Cud. No matter if I do or not. He's bailable, I am sure, hold or contain the air; the pipe, through which by law. But if the dog's word will not be taken, mine shall. it is emitted or expelled. Banks. Thou bail for a dog.

Ford. The Witch of Edmonton, Act iv. sc. 1.