in the common English expression-And me too. The second subsists in the Lat. Me-me-t, (u μe de), and in the common English repetition-me-me. There are a few words, so very different in their application, which have sprung immediately from this literal root (g or c), that I cannot resist the temptation to name them now. Goth. and A. S. Ecke, œce. Gr. axos. Engl. ache.-Pers. Ach-ar, ak-ar. Goth. Ak-rs. A. S. Ec-r. Gr. ay-poç. Lat. Ag-er, and Danish, Ag-er. Eng. Ac-re; an extent of land. The Gr. yata is also, terra late patens (Lennep.) And An Oak, A. S. Ac, is, Arbor late patens. A. S. Ece, Eng. Age, is a length of time.† C'. and G'.-Gr. Kl-elv, Kl-v-elv. Lat. Ce-dere, to go, to proceed. A.S. Co-m-an. D. Ko-men Ger. Ko-mmen. Sw. Ko-mma. Dan. Ko-mmer, Eng. To co-me. Goth. Ga-g-gan (pronounced like the) A. S. Ga-n-gan, to go. A.S. Ge-an, to gi-ve. Dan. Gi-or, to do. A. S. Ce-nnan. Gr. yet-veolaι. Lat. Gi-gnere. Eng. to ki-ndle, or bring forth ki-nd. And kind is in the Persian Khu-n. Sans. Khu-nan. Gr. yɛvos. Lat. Ge-nus. A.S. Cy-n. Ger. and γενος. Dutch, Ku-nne. Dan. Ki-on. Gr. γινωσκειν. Goth. Cu-nnan. A. S. Ce-nnan. Dutch and Ger. Ke-nnen. Sw. Ka-na. Dan. Ki-ender. Eng. to Ke-n, to con, to know:-and the Persian Kù-nda, co-nning, cu-nning or knowing. A. S. Ce-osan. D. and Ger. Kie-sen. Fr. Choi-sir, (to cheese, as anciently written,) to choose, to se-ize, to take. Gr. ya-tv, xa-av, ca-pere, to reach, to ya-wn. The Sans. Yui (says Dr. Prichard), is a verbal root, whence are derived several verbs meaning to join, and other words. Sans. Yug-ah. Pers. Yoo, yu-gh. Gr. Zvy-oç. Lat. Jug-um, Russ. Ig-o. Welsh. Iau. Eng. Yoke. This, I allow, is premature, because it is advancing into compounds. D. T.—The announced sound of the cognates, D and T, is produced when the breath in its utterance or emission is interrupted by an appulse of the top of the tongue against the teeth or upper gums,―ád, éd, át, ét; and the enounced, when the utterance or emission is continued after the top of the tongue is withdrawn,-dà, dè, tà, tè. 'D. and T.—A. S. Ad, congeries. Gr. ad-av. Lat. Ad-dere.‡ The nursery is an excellent school for speech, unfettered by the art of Grammar. + See Ache, acre, oak, age, in the Dictionary. See ante, p. 13. Lat. preposition Ad. A. S. At; the Lat. conjunctions At and Et. Gr. T.* D'. and T.-Gr. da-av. Lat. Da-re. Pers. Da-den, to add (in its present popular usage, to add to the possessions of another; that is, to give). The Gr. da-uv (or da-v-ev) still survives, says Lennep, in the Lat. Dare (and da-no, not infrequent in Plautus), and whence the Greek reduplicate, δι-δο-μι. Gr. δε, τε-τει-ν-ειν. Lat. te-n-dere, to extend. Dr. Prichard has remarked, that the Sanscrit Da, is a verbal root; and hence the verb Dada-mi, I give. Per. Da-d-n, to give. So also ad, whence Ad-mi. Gr. 8-w. Lat. Ed-o, I eat. The Goth. Tau-jan, A. S. Do-n. D. Do-en. Ger. Thu-n. Eng. to do. Gr. Oet-vat; and also the Eng. preposition To. Goth. Te-c-an. A. S. Ta-c-an. Ger. and D. Ta-ch-en. Sw. Ta-g-a. Dan. Ta-gg-er. Eng. To ta-ke, to tou-ch. It may be worth noting, that the A. S. article, or pronoun, was Se (See), in the Nor. Sax. Te; that the Gr. is Eu; that the A. S. article was supplanted by The, and that the Gr. Oe-a-o0at, is to See. N. The announced sound of N. is produced when the breath is uttered or emitted through 'I am well aware that Tooke has ascribed a different origin to ad and at; he considers them, as I do, to have a meaning similar to that of to; and as to is, in his opinion, the past part. of the Goth. verb, Tau-yan, to do so, he thinks, ad and at are the past part. of the Latin verb, ag-ere, to act, with the omission of the final um; thus ag-itum (g hard), ag-tum, ag-dum, agd, ad: and, actum, act, at. Thus, in chap. ix. on Prepositions; but in chap. viii. on Conjunctions, he has already given another genealogy for at; thus, adsit, adst, ast, at. There is gross inconsistency in this he in one instance derives ad and at from the same verb; he then assumes the existence of ad, uses it as a prefix to Sit; and presents a distinct derivation of at, though elsewhere established (by him) to be the same word as this prefix ad. Hoogeven has observed, and Tooke was fully aware of it, for he quotes his words, "Particulas in sua infantia fuisse vel verba, vel nomina," and as we have found the noun Ad in the A. S., with such a meaning as will fully account for all its usages as a particle, there appears no necessity to pursue the enquiry further. Tooke himself has asserted, that when different languages have the same word; this circumstance, its meaning shall decide which of the two is original. "The word, he adds, is always sufficiently original for me, in that language, where its meaning, which is the cause of its application, can be found. And seeking only meaning, when I have found it, there I stop: the rest is a curiosity, whose usefulness I cannot discover." P. 2. ch. 4. And again, "Where different languages use the same or similar particle, that language ought to be considered as its legitimate parent, in which, the true meaning of the word can be found, and where its use is as common and familiar as that of any other words and substantives." P. 1. c. 9. These are two most valuable and important rules in conducting etymological enquiries; but I fear they are too much disregarded. With many referable to the touch. the nose, with the tongue fixed towards the gums or bottom of the fore teeth, án, én, and enounced when the utterance or emission is continued after the tongue is withdrawn, nà, nè. 'N.-Goth. Ain. A. S. An. Dutch and Dan. Een. Ger. Eins. Sw. En. Gr. Ev. Lat. Un-us. Eng. One. In Sans. it is Ack-a. Pers. Yik (eke). The A. S. An-an, is to one, to un-ite; i. e. to effect the union of separate magnitudes into one magnitude; and subsequently of separate numbers in one sum. And so much for the three literal roots, which have been before classed together, as denoting three modes of encrease.* L.-In the organic pronunciation of the sounds, of which L is the literal character, the top of the tongue, during the utterance or emission of the breath, strikes against the foremost part of the palate. The announced and enounced sounds are distinctly heard in the Arabic Alla. The Ger. all, is omnis, totus, and also sanus, integer; the Ger. Heil is likewise sanus, integer, and the two differ, says Wachter, in nothing but the preposed H; they correspond with the Dutch Hel, Dan. Heel, the Eng. whole and all,-totus, cunctus, omnis; and are, undoubtedly, the same word. The Ger. Heill-en, tegere, and heel-n, sanare; D. Heel-en, heyl-en; Dan. heel-er, are also the same word: in A. S. Heel-an. Goth. Hul-jan. Sw. Hyl-ia, tegere, to cover, Eng. to hill, or hele, or heal.† The Ger. Al-en. Lat. Al-ere. Gr. ad-0ɛv, medere. Gr. Alia, talis hali-tus, qui vaporem tepidum adfert. A. S. El-an, accendere, to warm. Gr. HX-10s, the Sun. Gr. od-oç, totus, all, or the whole; oud-oc, sanus, whole, or, as anciently written, hole; ovλ-oɛv, sanum esse, V-al-ere, to be or make hole or whole. The A. S. La-c-nian, is also Sanare, to make whole, to re-cover, to heal, whence the old English noun Leech. The A. S. La-g-an, le-c-gan li-c-gan, Goth. La-g-yan, are to lay. And here we appear to reach the literal meaning: to lay, or ly, to lay on or over, consequently, to cover; and as a further consequence, sanare, integrare, to make sound, entire or whole, to recover, to heal; and hence, All, omnis or omnes; from whole or hole-substantially applied—will derive its application to the whole, numerically.‡ R.-The sound of R is produced, when during the emission or utterance of the breath quick trepidation of the tip of the tongue is vibrated against the palate. The announced and enounced sounds are strongly heard in the common exclamation hur-rah. See ante, p. 12. + See Heal in the Dictionary. ↑ Wachter thinks that All “ ab eleganti migratione ab omni pervenit ad totum, a toto ad sanum et salvum.” 'R.-Goth. Air. A. S. Ar, ær, er, or; denote anteriority, priority in space or time: the front; probably in relation to the human form. The ancient Scythians* called Man Acop; Gr. av-np. Lat. V-er; and in the A. S. version of Luke ix. 38. the Gr. and Lat. are rendered, or rather appear in the form of An-wer.† Gr. Hap, np, the fore or ear-ly (the ra-the) part of the day or year. Lat. Ver. Gr. Ho-ws. Lat. Her-us. A. S. Herr-a. Dutch. Heer. Dan. Herre; the prime person or agent; the foreman, the chief, superior; first in valour or virtue, or rank or authority. The A. S. Or, ord (i. e. Or-ed). Cimbric, Ar, ard (says Lye) is initium, principium, or-igo, auct-or. Lat. Or-iri, or-diri, or-igo, or-do. Gr. op-av, promovere, excitare; op-0os, straight forward. Gr. Ap-ns, Mars, App-nv, Mas, Hp-a, Juno, ap-a, there-fore. The A. S. Ar, are, Dutch, Eere, is, honour. A. S. Ar-ian. Dutch, Eer-en. Ger. Er-en. Sw. Er-a. Dan. Er-er, is—to honour : i. e. to be, or cause to be before others, to put or place forwards, to advance, to prefer.‡ In Dan. Er, (r announced) is equivalent to the Eng. Am; and in that language it is the termination of the infinitive, corresponding to the Lat. re (r enounced), in A. S. an, in old Eng. and other Northern languages en. Gr. av. ειν. The A. S. Er-ian. Gr. ap-ouv. Lat. ar-are, are, commonly interpreted, to plough. Of the Gr. ap-oɛiv, Lennep says, "propria notio posita est in vi, et impetu quo aliquid aliorsum moveatur, et admoveatur alteri:" it is perhaps pro-movere, to move for-ward, to push or press forward. A. S. Er-ian. Eng. to ear, or ere; whence Earth, that which we ere. Ter-ra. Pers. Ardh. Arab. Ard. Heb. Er-ets. Gr. Epa. Goth. Air-th. and Sw. Jord. Eng. Or, ere. Goth. air. A. S. ere; are used adverbially, equivalent to fo-re, before, ante, prius. Or, is also used to denote-the beginning, the point of separation; and thus has attained the force of separation, division, difference, disjunction. R'.-Sans. Ri-ch'h (says Dr. Prichard) is a verbal root, whence the verb. Ri-ch'- hati, he moves towards, reacheth. Ri-chch'hami; and this is in Goth. Ra-c-jan. A. S. Ra-c-an, hræ-c-an, protendere. Eng. to re-ach. Gr. o-pɛ-y-uv, porri-gere. Sans. Dhar-a. Lat. A. S. Eor-the. Dan. *Herod. b. 4. c. 110. For our own words, Are, art, I refer to the Dictionary, See also To Herry. + Jamieson's Hermes Scythicus, p. 167. Gr. Pe-av, fluere, to flow; to speak fluently. Pnua, quod ore effluit (Scheide). Goth. Re-djan. A. S. ræ-d-an. Eng. to re-ad. Gr. Pe--v. Lat. re-ri, re-s. Goth. Ra-g-inon. A. S. Ri-csian. Lat. Re-gere. Re-x. Heb. Ra-bbi (her-us). A. S. Ra-san. Hhre-osan, pro-ru-ere, to rush. A. S. Re-stan, pro-cumbere, quiescere, to rest. A. S. Hra-the. Eng. Ra-the, ear-ly.* S and Z cognates. The power of S is the natural sound of hissing. Its organic sound is produced, by an appulse of the tongue towards the upper teeth or gums, and then forcing out the breath from between the tongue and upper teeth, (Z, with a vocal sound, which makes a more dense kind of hissing, mixing with some kind of murmur). The announced and enounced sounds of S are heard in esse. The A. S. article As. Ger. Es. Lat. Is, os, us. Gr. oç. The Sans. article Sa-s or Sah. Goth. Sa. A. S. and old English. Se, equivalent to the or that, it, which. The Sans. As (says Dr. Prichard) is a verbal root, whence the verb substantive, As-mi, as-i, as-ti, su-m, es, es-t. Pers. Hes-ten, es-se, to be; A. S. Is or ys; Dutch and Ger. Is-t. Eng. variously written Es, is, ys. Ger. Se-yn, es-se, fieri; and in various persons of the A. S. and Gothic verb. W-is-an, w-es-an, this literal root is found; e. g. sy, se-t, si-n, si-nd. Goth. Sai-hwan. A. S. Se-on. Ger. Se-hen. Dutch. Zi-en. Dan. Se-er, to see. A. S. As-cian, As-ec-an, se-can; to as-k, to se-ek. A. S. As-ec-gan, se-c-gan, to say. The (which has supplanted the A. S. Se) and that, mean take, taken ;† and to take, to se-ize, (to cheese or choose‡) is probably the meaning of this literal root S. And it may be thus explained 1. To take; capere, pre-hend-ere, percipere; to receive (met) by the eye or ear; by the mind, to apprehend, to se-em, to feel, to be. 2. To take, to teach, i. e. to convey our thoughts by speech, to say. * See Rathe, Ra-ther, in the Dictionary. ↑ See Ceosan. + See Tooke and the Dictionary. |