DICTIONARY.

Ror. I see no crime in her whom I adore,
Or if I do, her beauty makes it none:
Look on me as a man abandon'd o'er
To an eternal lethargy of love.

Dryden. Spanish Friar, Act iv.
Nor let her tempt that deep, nor make the shore,
Where our abandon'd youth she sees,
Shipwreck'd in luxury, and lost in case.-Prior. Ode (1692).
He that abandons religion must act in such a contradic-
tion to his own conscience and best judgment, that he abuses
Sermons.
and spoils the faculty itself.-Watts.

-Cities then
Attract us, and neglected nature pines
Abandon'd, as unworthy of our love.-Cowper. Task. b. ii.
When thus the helm of justice is abandoned, an universal
abandoning of all other posts will succeed.

Burke. On Reg. Peace. Let. 4.

They amount (says he) to the sacrifice of powers, that have been most nearly connected with us; the direct or indirect annexation to France of all the parts of the continent, from Dunkirk to Hamburgh; an immense accession of territory; and, in one word, the abandonment of the independence of Europe.-Id. ib. p. 81.

It is a point of cunning to wait upon him with whom you speak with your eye; as the Jesuits give it in precept; for there may be many wise men that have secret hearts and transparent countenances: yet this should be done with a demure abasing of your eye.-Bacon. Essay on Cunning.

Let the example of our Lord's humility bring down the haughtiness of men; and when we consider how he abased himself, let us be vile in our own eyes, and abhor ourselves in dust and ashes.-Tillotson. Works, vol. iii. 217. Ser. 135. Absorb'd in that immensity I see,

I shrink abas'd, & yet aspire to Thee.-Cowper. Retirement. Heaven was to be earned only by penance and mortification by the austerities and abasement of a monk, not by the liberal, generous, and spirited conduct of a man. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. v. c. 1.

ABA'SH, v. Į The past tense and past part. ABA'SHMENT. of Abase was anciently written Abaisit, Abayschid; whence the word Abash appears to be formed: and is applied to

The feelings of those who are abased, depressed, disgraced, humbled.

In Wicliff it is applied to

The feelings which overpowered, subdued, the witnesses of the miraculous restoration of the damsel by Christ.

Abasshe is found in Gower, used as a substantive. See BASH.

Now is Berwick born doun, abaist is that cuntre.
R. Brunne, p. 272.
For thi beo nat a baihsshed. to bydde and to be neody
Sithe he that wrouhte al the worlde, was wilfulliche neody.
Piers Plouhman, p. 394.
And anoon the damysel roos and walkide: and sche was
of twelve yeer, and thei weren abayschid with a great
stoneying.-Wielif. Mark, c. 5.

And as the new abashed Nightingale,
That stinteth first, whan she beginneth sing
Whan that she heareth any heerdes tale,
Or in the hedges any wight stearing,
And after siker doeth her voice out ring.

Chaucer. Troilus, b. iii. fol. 173.
Certes (quod she) that were great a maruayle and an
abashinge, without ende.-Chaucer. Boecius, b. iv. p. 1.
The kynges doughter, whiche this sigh,
For pure abasshe drew hir adrigh,
And helde her close vnder the bough,
And let hem still ride enough.-Gower. Con. A. b. iv.
The town restlesse with furie as I sought,
Th' unlucky figure of Creusaes ghost,

Of stature more than wont, stood fore mine eyen.
Abashed then I waxe: therewith my heare
Gan start right up: my voice stuck in my throte.
Surrey. Virgile, b. ii.
But the water kepte his course, and wette, at length the
kynges (Canute] thyes; wherwith ye kynge abasshed, sterte
backe and sayde, all erthly kynges may knowe that theyr
powers be vayne, and that none is worthy to have the name
of a kynge, but he that has all thynges subiecte to his
hestes.-Fabyan, c. 206.

I saie to the, thou hast put me in a more greatte abasshe-
ment, than the feare of myne enemies.-Golden Boke, Let. 15.
- Why, then, (you princes)
Do you with cheekes abash'd behold our workes,
And thinke them shame, which are (indeed) nought else,
But the protractiue trials of great loue,
To finde persistiue constancie in men.

Shakespeare. Tro. & Cres. Act i. sc. 3.
Yet all that could not from affright her hold,
Ne to recomfort her at all prevail'd,

For her faint heart was with the frozen cold
Benumb'd so inly, that her wits nigh fail'd,
And all her senses with abashment quite were quail'd.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 8.
Basenesse of birth is a great disparagement to some men,
especially if they be wealthy, bear office, and come to pro-
motion in a common-wealth: then, if their birth be not
answerable to their calling, and to their fellows, they are
much abashed and ashamed of themselves.
310.

Burlon. Anatomy of Melancholy, p.
But when he Venus view'd without disguise,
Her shining neck beheld, and radiant eyes;
Awed and abash'd he turn'd his head aside,
Attempting with his robe his face to hide.

Congreve. Homer. Hymn to Venus.

And harsh austerity, from whose rebuke
Young love and smiling wonder shrink away
Abash'd and chill of heart, with sager frowns
Condemns the fair enchantment.

}

Akenside. Pleasures of Imagination, d. iii.
ABA'TE, v.
Fr. Abbatre; It. Abbatere; Sp.
ABATE, n. Abatir; A. S. Beatan, to beat.
ABATEMENT. The word exists also without the
ABA TER. prefix A; though more limited
See BATE.
by modern usage in its application.
To beat or press down; to cast down; to lower,
to depress; to lessen; to diminish; to reduce.
The kyng did samen his men, to abate Gryffyn's pride.
R. Brunne, p. 63.
For that abatement he chalenges thorgh right.-Id. p. 278.
As God saith, the horrible divels shul gon and comen
upon the hedes of dampned folk and this is, for as moche
as the higher that they were in this present lif, the more
shul they be abated and defouled in helle.
Chaucer. Personnes Tales, vol. ii. p. 291.
The kynge of Scottes wyth all hys hoste and power entered
into England:-and planted hys siege before the castell of
Norham, and sore abated the walles. -Hall Hen. VIII. an. 5.
He [the horsse] breaketh the groude wyth the hoffes of
his fete chearfully in his strength, and runneth to mete the
harnest men. He layeth asyde all feare, hys stomack is
not abated, neither starteth he abacke for any swerde.
Bible, London, 1539. Job, c. 39.
O happie Cato Censorine, who with suche as haue fo-
lowed his waies, are now sure fro the abatementes of fortune.
The Golden Boke, ch. xxv.
Hel. O weary night, O! long and tedious night,
Abate thy houres, shine comforts from the East,
That I may backe to Athens by day-light,
From these, that my poore companie detest.

Shakespeare. Mid. Night's Dream, Act iii. sc. 2.
Post. I know you are more clement than vilde men,
Who of their broken debtors take a third,
A sixt, a tenth, letting them thrive againe
On their abatement.-Id. Cymbeline, Act v. sc. 4.

Knight. My lord, I know not what the matter is, but to my judgement, your Highnesse is not entertained with that ceremonious affection as you were wont; there's a great abatement of kindnesse appeares as well in the generall dependants, as in the duke himselfe also, and your daughter. Shakespeare. Lear, Act i. sc. 4.

And in this time was geuen vnto the kyng by the consent of the great and fatte abbottes, all religious houses that were of the value of three hundred marke and vnder, in hope, that their great monasteryes should haue continued still: but euen at that tyme one sayde in the parliament house, that these were as thornes, but the great abbottes were putrifyed old okes, and they must needes folowe.

Grafton. Chron. Hen. VIII. an. 26.
The abbot was elected by the monks of the monastery, at
least in the greater part of abbacies.
Smith.
ABBREVIATE, v.
ABBREVIATE, n.
ABBREVIATION.
ABBREVIATOR.
ABBREVIATURE.
To break or make short, concise; to shorten, to
abridge; to bring or reduce to a smaller space or
compass by breaking off, or removing parts.

Wealth of Nations, b. v. c. 1. It. Abbreviare; Sp. Abreviar-from Lat. Brevis ; the Gr. Bpayus; A. S. Bracan, to break. See ABRIDGE.

O Saviour, it was ever thy manner to call all men unto thee; when didst thou ever drive any one from thee? neither had it been so now, but to draw them closer unto thee, whom theu seemest for the time to abdicate.

Bishop Hall. Contemp. Walke upon the Waters. 28th Jan. 1688-1689.-At length the house came to this grand resolution:--Resolved, That king James the second, Laving endeavoured to subvert the constitution of the kingCam, try breaking the original contract between king and people, and, by the advice of Jesuits, and other wicked persons, having violated the fundamental laws, and having withdrawn himself out of this kingdom, has abdicated the government, and that the throne is thereby become vacant. Parliamentary History. An. 1688-9.

ABE

law, and is applied to the forcible taking away of
a wife or child; and to common kidnapping.

If beholding a candle, we protrude either upward or
downward the pupil of one eye, and behold it with one, it
will then appear but single; and if we abduce the eye unto
either corner, the object will not duplicate.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 20.
The other remaining offence, that of kidnapping, being
the forcible abduction or stealing away of a man, woman,
or child, from their own country, and sending them into
another, was capital by the Jewish law.
Blackstone. Com. b. iv. c. 15.
ABE'AR, v. See BEAR. Applied to-
ABE'ARYNG. The bearing or carriage, de-
portment, conduct, or behaviour.
The noun Abearyng has been succeeded in mo-
dern writers on English law by Abearance. See
Blackstone, b. iv. c. 18.

Vpon assurance takyn of the said Hunyldus, that there
after he shulde be of good aberynge to warde the kyng, he
clerely forgaue vnto hym all his former offence.

Fabyan. Cronycles, c. 154.
So did the Faery Knight himself abeare,
And stouped oft, his head from shame to shield:
No shame to stoupe, ones head more high to reare,
And much to gaine, a little for to yield:
So stoutest knights doen oftentimes in field.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 12.
ABE CHED. Abeched (says Skinner), seems
(from the context) to be-satisfied: from the
French Abbecher, to feed (from Bec, the Beak),
as birds feed their young by inserting their beak.
"Abbecher. To feed as birds do their young;
to put into the mouth of." Cotgrave.

But might I getten as ye tolde,
So mochel, that my lady wolde
Me fede with hir gladde semblaunt,
Though me lacke all the remenaunt:
Yet shoulde I somdele ben abeched,
And for the tyme well refresshed.---Gower. Con. A. b. v.
ABE'D, a. On bed. (See BED.)

Some radde, that hii ssoide wende in at on hepe,
To habbe inome hom vnarmed, and some abedde aslepe.
R. Gloucester, p. 547.

Hir kyrtell, and hir mantell eke.
Abrode vpon his bedde he spredde;
And thus thei slepen both a bedde.--Gower. Con. A. b. v.
The sullen night had her black curtain spread,
Low'ring that day had tarried up so long,
And that the morrow might lie long abed,
She all the heav'n with dusky clouds had hung.
Drayton. Barons' Wars, b. iii.
Delight is layd abedd; and pleasure, past;
No sunne now shines; clouds han all overcast.
Spenser. Shepherd's Calendar.
Howbeit he [Lycurgus] advised her to go her full time,
and to be brought abed in good order, and then he would
find means enough to make away the child that should
be born.---North. Plutarch, p. 34.

ABERRANCE.
ABERRATION.
ABE'RRING.
Applied to the errors or mistakes of the mind;
Words neither much used, nor much wanted.

Lat. Ab-errare, to stray or
wander from. A wandering
from. See To ERR.

For though there were a fatality in this year, [" the great climactrical year, that is, sixty-three"] yet divers were, and others might be out in their account, aberring several wayes from the true and just compute, and calling that one year, which perhaps might be another.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 12.

And therefore they not only swarm with errors, but vices depending thereon. Thus they commonly affect no man any further than he deserts his reason, or complies with their aberrancies.-Id. Ib. b. i. c. 3.

So, then we draw near to God, when, repenting us of our former aberrations from him, we renew our covenants with him.-Bishop Hall. Sermon. James iv. 8.

ABE'T, v. D. Boeten, betteren; Ger. Bes-
ABE'T, n.
seren; A. S. Betan, (meliorare,
ABE'TMENT. melius reddere, says Skinner.)
ABETTER. To better, to make better. Ap-
plied to the encouraging, inciting, assisting, sup-
porting, aiding, causing to beat, or become better.
And thus-

To better, to aid, assist, support the designs of.

ABH

But in this kind, to come in brauing armes,
Be his owne carver, and cut out his way,
To find out right with wrongs-it may not be ;
And you that doe abett him in this kind
Cherish rebellion, and are rebels all.

I am thine Eme, the shame were to me
As wel as the, if that I should assent
Through mine abet yt he thine honour shent.

Shakespeare. Rich. II. Act ii. sc. 3.

Wherever the church and court party prevailed, addresses were framed, containing expressions of the highest regard to his Majesty, the most entire acquiescence in his wisdom, the most dutiful submission to his prerogative, and the deepest abhorrence of those who endeavoured to encroach upon it, by prescribing to him any time for assembling the parliament. Thus the nation came to be distinguished into Chaucer. Troilus, b. ii. fol. 159. petitioners and abhorrers.-Hume. England. An. 1680,

of his mind had upon his body.

Chaucer. The Reves Tale, v. 3936.

ABJU'RE, v. Fr. Abjurer; It. Abjurare;

ABJURA TION. Sp. Abjurar; Lat. Abjurare,

See the

(Ab jurare,) to swear from, to forswear.

quotation from Hobbs.

To swear-(sc.)

To go away from, or leave: to disown, to dis-
claim, to renounce (upon oath).

Udal. Luke c. 9. fol. 296. Ablaqueare, to dig about and lay bare the roots of
trees. Evelyn affected such Latinisms.