BA'NISH. BA'NISHER. BA'NISHMENT. BANNITION. To forbid, to prohibit, to interdict, (sc.) from any place, from staying or remaining in it; to order, command, condemn to leave, or quit any place; to expel or drive away, to exile.

Fr. Banner; It. Bandire; Sp. Banido. (See To BAN.) Sax. Forbæned, a banished man, (Somner.)

This is thy mortal fo, this is Arcite, That fro thy lond is banished on his hed, For which he hath deserved to be ded.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale. v. 1728.

Than faire Phebus, lantern and lamp of light,
Of man and beest, both fruit and florishing,
Tender norice, and banisher of night.-Id. Test. of Creseide.

Whan an vncleane spirite ( he) goeth out from a man, beyng banyshed from his olde hospitall, he walketh in dry and baren places, seking rest and fyndeth none.

Udal. Mat. c. 12.

For I am not ignoraunt, that vnto the which measure their felicity by the pleasures of this life, banyshment is more paynfully greuous than deathe.-Id. James, c. 1.

Marius then fetching a deep sigh from his heart, gave him this answer: thou shalt tell Sextilius, that thou hast seen Caius Marius banished out of his countrey, sitting amongst the ruines of the city of Carthage.-North. Plutarch, p. 367.

Now this extremity, Hath brought me to thy harth, not out of hope (Mistake me not) to saue my life: for if

I had fear'd death, of all the men i' the world

I would haue voided thee. But in mere spight

To be full quit of those my banishers,

Stand I before thee here.-Shakes. Coriolanus, Act iv. sc. 5.

Hast thee, and from the paradise of God
Without remorse drive out the sinful pair,
From hallowd ground th' unholie, and denounce
To them and to thir progenie from thence
Perpetual banishment.-Millon. Paradise Lost, b. xi.

They refused to do it [take the oath] and were upon that condemned to perpetual banishment, as men that denied allegiance to the king. And by this an engine was found out to banish as many as they pleased.

Burnet. Own Time, an. 1662.

Shall I add, that this love of purity was the cause, why, she banished herself from those public diversions of the town, at which it was scarce possible to be present, without hearing somewhat that wounded chaste ears.

Atterbury, vol. i. Ser. 6.

The civil death commenced, if any man was banished or abjured the realm by the process of the common law, or entered into religion; that is, went into a monastery, and became there a monk professed.-Blackstone. Com. b. i. c. 1.

As I have your express orders not to restore any person who has been sentenced to banishment either by myself or others; so I have no directions with respect to those, who, having been banished by some of my predecessors in this government, have by them also been restored.

Melmoth. Pliny, b. x. Let. 64. Every professor (shall) continue in his office during life, unless in case of such misbehaviour as shall amount to bannition by the university statutes.

Blackstone. Com. Introd. § 1. BANK, v. Fr. Banc; It. Banco; Sp. BANK, n. Banco; Dan. and Dut. Bancke. According to some, says Junius, from the Danish Banke, to beat, to strike, because they are constantly beaten against by the waves of the sea. Cotgrave says,-Banc, a long shole, shelf or sandy hill in the sea, against which the waves do break. Skinner is content with A. S. Banc, tumulus. Wachter has-Banc, a hill, mound, heap, and any eminent or rising place. It is transferred, he adds, to all eminent or rising places for sitting or lying. And it may thus be applied to

Any thing raised by, or to confine, a current of water; to the seat raised from the bottom of the boat; to the raised table or counter of merchants, traders, money-changers.

To Bank, is to confine, or surround with banks; to throw up embankments. In the citation from Shakespeare, Mr. Stevens suggests, that to bank, may mean, to sail along the banks.

And thef biheelden an hauene that hadde a watir bank into which thei thoughten, if thei myghten, to brynge up the schip.-Wiclif. Dedis, c. 27.

The dikes were fulle wide that closed the castelle about & depe on ilk a side, with bankes hie without.

R. Brunne, p. 162.

When it was day, they knewe not the lande, but they spyed a certayne hauen with a bancke into the which they were mynded (if it were possible) to thrust in the ship. Bible, 1551. Ib.

The place, where as he them sighe,
It was vnder a banke, nighe
The great see, and he aboue

Stode and behelde the lusty loue,
Whiche eche of them till other made,
With goodly chere and wordes glade.-Gower. Con. A. b. ii.
Nor so fercely doth ouerflow the feldes
The foming flood, that brekes out of his bankes:
Whose rage of waters beares away what heapes
Stand in his way, the coates, and eke the herdes.
Surrey. Virgile. Enæis, b. ii.
Haue I not heard these islanders shout out
Viue le Roy, as I haue bankd their townes.
Shakespeare. King John, Act v. sc. 2.
That the nether end of the cut be set into the ground, and
namely, that part alwaies which grew next the root, and
last of all, that they be banked well with earth about the
place where they spring and bud forth, untill such time as
the plant have gotten strength.

Holland. Plinie, b. xvii. c. 17. That straine agen, it had a dying fall: O, it came o'er my eare, like the sweet sound That breathes upon a banke of violets; Stealing, and giuing odour.

Shakespeare. Twelfth Night, Act i. sc. 1. One of them dates his letter to me from the banks of a purling stream, where he used to ruminate in solitude upon the divine Clarissa, and where he is now looking about for a convenient leap, which he tells me he is resolved to take, unless I support him under the loss of that charming perjured woman.-Tatler, No. 146.

But natheles I toke unto our dame,
Your wif at home, the same gold again
Upon your benche, she wote it wel certain,
By certain tokenes that I can hire tell.

Chaucer. The Shipmannes Tale, v. 13,289. And yet that same very pointe ought to haue quickened the to some actiuitie in bestyrryng thee to haue deliuered foorth my money to the kepers of the banke.

Udal. Luke, c. 19. He hadde openly preached in the temple, he had ouerthrowen the bankers tables, and drieuen them oute of the temple too. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1385.

And such banke rouptes be these men of that good zeale. that gape after the spoyle of the spirituality, which whan they haue wasted and missespent their own, woulde than very faine saue for hanging robbe spirituall and temporall to. Id. p. 881. And so gatherynge a greate armye of valyaunt capiteyns of all nacions, some banqueroutes, &c. whiche leauynge their bodely laboure desyrynge only to lyue of robbery and rapine, came to be his seruantes and souldioures.

Adri. As if time were in debt: how fondly do'st thou reason?

S. Dro. Time is a verie bankerout, and owes more then he's worth to season.-Shakes. Comedy of Errors, Activ. sc. 2.

Hall. Hen. VII. an. 11. Although the events of prudence are out of our power, yet the endeavours and the observation, the diligence and caution, the moral part of it, and the plain conduct of our necessary duty, (which are portions of this grace,) are such things which God will demand in proportion to the talent which he hath intrusted into our banks. Bp. Taylor, vol. ii. Ser. 20. He caused a banker, for unfaithful handling and exchang of mony, to leese both his hands, and to have them nailed fast unto his owne shop bourd.-Holland. Suetonius, p. 214. The minde shall banquet, though the body pine, Fat paunches haue leane pates; and dainty bits, Make rich the ribs, but bankerout the wits.

Shakespeare. Love's Labour Lost, Act i. sc. 1.

Unless we had rather think both moral and judicial, full of malice and deadly purpose, conspired to let the debtor Israelite, the seed of Abraham, run on upon a bankrout score, flatter'd with insufficient and ensnaring discharges.

Milton. Doct. & Disc. of Divorce.

Gonz. There's the quintessence, The soul, and grand elixir of my wit, For he (according to his noble nature) Will not be known to want though he do want, And will be bankrupted so much the sooner, And made the subject of our scorn and laughter.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Laws of Candy, Act iii. sc. 1.

Canst thou by sickness banish beauty so,
Which if put from thee, knows not where to go
To make her shift, and for her succour seek
To every rivel'd face, each bankrupt cheek?
Drayton. H. Howard to Geraldine.

Is it owing to Christianity, or to the want of it, that the banks of the Nile, whose constantly renewed fertility is not to be impaired by neglect, or destroyed by the ravages of war, serve only for the scene of a ferocious anarchy, or for the supply of unceasing hostilities?

Paley. Evidences of Christianity, pt. iii. c. 7. BANK, v. See the preceding word, BANK, n. to BANK. In this applicaBANKER. tion, to bank is to place or BANKRUPT, V. deposit money in a bank.BANKRUPT, n. Bankrupt. Fr. Banqueroute; BANKRUPT, adj. It. Bancarotta; Sp. BancáBANKRUPTCY. roto. In the Mid. Lat. Rup-fear, he will erect a bank for wit. BANKEROUT, v. tus, and Ruptura are used; BANKEROUT, n. as we use bankrupt and bankruptcy. See Du Cange; also the quotation from Blackstone.

BANNER. Dut. Baniere; Fr. Bannière; BANNERED. Ger. Bannier; It. Banda, BanBANNERET. diera; Sw. Baner. In A. S. BanBANNEROL. is the ensign, or banner. segn Watcher derives it from C. B. Bann, excelsus. Ihre and Lye from Banduo, signum; Bandujan, significare. The banner, band-roll, or ban-sign, is, perhaps, merely

The bond-roll, or bond-sign, the sign of union; the flag or standard under which men are united or bound for some common purpose.

Banneret A small banner; also, the person bearing it.

Constantyne this vnderstod. hethene thai he were.
A crois, in stude of ys baner, ys men bi fore hym bere.
R. Gloucester, p. 86.
Almerle his banere sprad, & other barons mo,
Mikelle blod thei schad of folk that thei gon slo.

R. Brunne, p. 117.
Tho bannerettis ilkone fro Douer to Durham ware.
Id. p. 301.

The red statue of Mars with spere and targe
So shineth in his white banner large,
That all the feldes gliteren up and doun.
Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 978.
If she be fresshe, and well araied,
He saith hir baner is displaied.

To clepe in guestes by the weie.-Gower. Con. A. b. v. And surely to tel you the trouth, this is his verye finall intent and purpose, and the very mark that he shoteth at, as a special pointe and foundacion of all Luther's heresies, wherof thys man is one of the baner berers.

Sir T. More. Workes, p. 207.

The king and the queene his mother, with the aduice and consent of the kinge's counsaile, sent a bishop and two knightes banerettes, with two notable clerkes, to sir John of Heynault, praiyng him to be a meane that theyr lorde, the yong king of England, might haue in mariage the yongest daughter of the erle of Henault his brother, named Philip. Grafton. Edw. III. an. 3.

BAN

Beside this, on euery syde of the charet went CCC. persons holdyng long torches, and lordes bearyng baners, baserola, & penons.-Hall. Hen. V. an. 10.

A silver tower, Dorset's red banner bears:

The Cornish men two wrestlers had for theirs.
Drayton. Battle of Agincourt.

Rich saddles for the light-horse and the bard,
For to be brav'st there's not a man but plies;
Plumes, band-rolls, and caparisons prepar'd.—Id. Ib.
Then, letting him arise like abiect thrall,
He gan to him obiect his hainous crime,
And to reuile, and rate, and recreant call,
And, lastly, to despoile of knightly bannerall
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 7.
The gates wide op'n stood,

That with extended wings a banner'd host,
Under spread ensigns marching might pass through
With horse and chariots rankt in loose array.
Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ii.

BANQUET, v. Fr. Banquet; It. BanBA'NQUET, R. chetto; Sp. Banquete, VanBANQUETANT. queto; Ger. & Dut. Bancket. BANQUETER. Skinner and Wachter agree BANQUETING, N. that it is from bank, a bench or table; because (conviva) messmates sit or recline at the same bench or table, to eat, feed or feast together. Sometimes formerly applied to that addition to a meal, called now a dessert. Generally

Sumptuous and luxurious feasting.

The banquets of my votaries are never costly, but always delicious; for none eat or drink at them who are not invited by hunger and thirst.-Tatler, No. 97.

BAN

Thou wilt not hence,

Till I set on thee: thy ragg'd impudence
Is so fast footed. Are there not beside
Other great banquetants, but you must ride
At anchor stil with vs? He nothing said,
But thought of ill enough, and shook his head.
Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. xx.
No more shall I be tane unto the wake,
Nor wend a fishing to the winding lake;
No more shall I be taught, on silver strings
To learne the measures of our banquettings.

It [Christianity] allows us to use the world, provided we do not abuse it. It does not spread before us a delicious banquet, and then come with a "touch not, taste not, handle not."-Porteus, vol. i. Lect. 7.

The Frenche kyng received theim very honorably, and sampteously benqueted them, shewynge to them goodly uses and marcyall pastymes.-Hall. Hen. V. an. 2.

In this place is a banqueting-room, which, though it stands remote from the sea, enjoys a prospect nothing inferior to that view; two apartments run round the back part of it, the windows whereof look upon the entrance of the villa, and into a very pleasant kitchen garden. Melmoth. Pliny, b. ii. Let. 17. Not in our old

BA'NTER, v.
BANTER, n.
BANTERER.

phers, and of unsettled ety

May it not be a dim. of Ban, past part. of bay, to bark at? The application of the word appears to be this:

BANTERING, 7.mology.

Not long after this it happened that certaine of these great doctours had inuited Mr. Welshe, and his wife to a banket, where they had talke at will and pleasure, vttering their blindnes, and ignoraunce without any resistaunce, or ayne saying.-Tyndall. Workes. Life from Fox.

Browne. Britannia's Pastorals, b. ii. s. 4. The sun declin'd had shot his western ray, When, tir'd with business of the solemn day, I purpos'd to unbend the evening hours, And banquet private in the women's bowers. Prior. Solomon, b. ii.

Nether the doctors & chamber maisters the delitious Ascketfours, & very voluptuous mě, take any high degre here.-Caluine. Four Godlye Sermons, Ser. 1.

To play upon with light and humorous raillery, mockery or ridicule,-by ascribing doubtful or excessive merits or virtues; by eliciting concealed weaknesses, lurking follies.

It was besemyng that the natyue daye of a wicked kyng, thalde be polluted with the death of a man of moste holye Hayng and godly conuersation: and that the myddes of the excessive bankelling and courtlye delicacies, shoulde be disad with the cruell murtheryng of an innocent, and gyllesse person.-Udal. Mark, c. 6.

Where wit hath any mixture of raillery, it is but calling This polite word of theirs it banter, and the work is done. was first borrowed from the bullies in White Friars, then fell among the footmen, and at last retired to the pedants, by whom it is applied as properly to the productions of wit, as if I should apply it to sir Isaac Newton's mathematicks; but if this bantering, as they call it, be so despicable a thing, whence comes it to pass they have such a perpetual itch towards it themselves?-Swift. Tale of a Tub. Author's Apol.

I knew a lady of excellent parts, who had got past thirty without having ever had the least notice of any such thing; she was so great a stranger to it that when she heard me

and another talking of it, could scarce forbear thinking we bantered her.-Locke. Conduct of the Understanding.

He humbly would intreat your majesty
To come and see his homely citadel,
And banquet with him ere thou leav'st the isle.
Cely. To banquet with him in his citadel ?
I fear me, messenger, to feast my train
Within a town of war so lately pillaged,
Will be too costly and too troublesome.
Marlow. Jew of Malta, Act v.

For those that were his [A. Hodges] acquaintance, knew him to be a most admirable philologist, a man of a great memory, and well vers'd in several sorts of learning; but being delighted to please himself in a juvenile and bantring way among junior masters, could never be courted to set pen to paper for that purpose.-Wood. Fasti Oxon.

When Cyrus had espied Astyages and his fellows coming drank from a banquet, loaden with variety of follies and thinesses; their legs failing them, their eyes red and staring, consened with a moist cloud, and abused by a doubled object, their tongues full of spunges, and their heads no wiser, he thought they were poysoned, and he had reason. Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 15.

Which I have heard him [R. Grebby] several times very confidently report; yet he being a reputed banterer, I could never believe him, in that or any thing else.-Id. Ib.

Fr. Baptiser, Baptesme; It. Battezzare, Battesmo, Battesimo; Sp. Baptizar, Baptismo; Gr. Βαπτειν, et Βαπτιζειν, mergere et mergitare, (Voss.)

To dip or merge frequently; to sink, to plunge, to immerge. And of Seynt Siluestre the pope hym let baptize anon. And he was (as yt is ywrite) pur mesel tho, And he bi com in hys baptizing hol of ys wo.

R. Gloucester, p. 86. A chirche of Seynt Ion the baptist Constantyn let rere, And clepude yt Constantiniane, for he was ybaptized there. Id. Ib.

BAPTIZE, v. BAPTIZER.

BAPTISM. BAPTISMAL. BAPTIST. BAPTISTERY. BAPTISTICAL. BAPTIZATION.

If thou the lond wille geld, thereof is to speke, & si then if thou wild thi lay forsake & breke, & take our bapteme of funte, as childre ging, I salle gyue the a reame, & do the coroun kyng. R. Brunne, p. 193.

For all his hole hirte he laide
Upon Constance: and saide he shulde,
For loue of hir, if that she wolde,
Baptisme take, and Christes faith
Beleue.

Jon was in desert baptising

John dyd baptise in the wildernes, and preach ye baptism of repentauce: for the remission of synnes.—Bible, 1551. Ib.

In tho daies Jon Baptist cam, and prechide in the desert And seide do ye penaunce for the kyngdom of of Judee. hevenes schal neigh.-Wielif. Malt. c. 3.

Gower. Con. A. b. ii. and prechinge

une pe Wiclif. Mark, C. T.

In those dayes John the Baptist came & preached in ye wyldernes of Jewry, saying, repent, the kingdom of heauen is at hande.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

Wherfore whe John declaring constatly his own vnworthines, & setting forth ye worthines of Christ, did refuse ye office of a baptiser, Christ by no sinister suspicion did steine his own innocencie, which it behoued to be knowen & beleued of al men. Udal. Mat. c. 3.

So that when the baptizor (which must be an archbishoppe or a bishoppe) with the officers of the churche do come thereunto they (the gossippes, &c.) may be there readye placed. Leland. Collectanea, vol. iv. p. 182.

His baptisme gives virtue to ours. His last action (or rather passion) with his baptizing with bloud: his first was his baptization with water: both of them wash the world from their sins.-Bp. Hall. Cont. Christ's Baptism.

But this thief did but then come to Christ, he knew him not before; and his case was, as if a Turk or heathen should be converted to Christianity, and be baptized, and enter newly into the covenant upon his death-bed: then God pardons all his sins. And so God does to Christians when they are baptized or first give up their names to Christ by a voluntary confirmation of their baptismal vow: but when they have once entred into the covenant, they must perform what they promise, and to what they are obliged.-Bp. Taylor, vol. ii. Ser. 6.

Wondrous good man! whose labours may repel The force of sin, may stop the rage of hell; Thou, like the baptist, from thy God was sent, The crying voice, to bid the world repent. Prior. To Dr. Sherlock. This baptistical profession, which he ignorantly laugheth at, is attested by fathers, by councils, by liturgies. Bp. Bramhall. Schism Guarded, p. 205. The great church, baptistery, and leaning tower, [at Pisa] are very well worth seeing, and are built after the same fancy with the cathedral of Sienna.-Addison. Trav. in Italy.

-Philosophy, baptiz'd

In the pure fountain of eternal love,
Has eyes indeed; and, viewing all she sees
As meant to indicate a God to man,

Gives him his praise, and forfeits not her own.
Cowper. Task, b. iii.

BAR, v. BAR, n. BA'RFUL.

Fr. Barre; It. Barra; Sp. Barra. Our English verb, to bar, is the Goth. and A. S. Bairgan, beorgan, birgan, byrgan; which means

}

To defend, keep safe, to protect, to arm, to Sec guard, to secure, to fortify, to strengthen. BARBAROUS, BARRICADE, and BARRISTER, (Tooke, vol. ii. p. 181.)

Barred in Chaucer may be merely striped or crossed in the form of bars. (See To BARD.) To bar, is also used, for

The Frenchemen ditched, trenched, and paled their lodgynges for feare of afterclappes: But the Englishemen had their parte onely barred and ported.-Hall. Hen. V. an. 7. He breake the barres, and through the timber pearst So large a hole wherby they might discerne The house, the court, the secret chambers eke Of Priamus, and aunciant kings of Troy.

Surrey. Enæis, b. ii. Ye sit like pris'ners barr'd with doors and chaines, And yet no care perpetuall care restraines. Beaumont. True Liberty.

With us (methinks) Fate deals so, As with the Jews' guide God did: he did show Him the rich land, but barr'd his entry in: Our slowness is our punishment and sin.

Donne. Letters. To Mr. R. W.

Lat. Prepare to hear them,
And be not barr'd up from yourself, nor add
To your ill fortune with your far worse judgment.

Beaum. & Fletch. Bloody Brother, Act iii. sc. 1. For where by law each one of free estate

Should personally be heard ere iudgemente passe,
They bard him this, where through destroid he was.
Mirror for Magistrates, p. 273.
Cladon the lad
Who whilome had

The garland given for throwing best the barre,

I know not by what chance or luckie starre

The folded gates would bar my progress now,
But that the lord of this enclos'd demesne,
Communicative of the good he owns,
Admits me to a share; the guiltless eye
Commits no wrong, nor wastes what it enjoys.
Cowper. Task, b. i.

Nor less amus'd have I quiescent watch'd
The sooty films that play upon the bars,
Pendulous, and foreboding, in the view
Of superstition, prophesying still,
Though still deceiv'd, some stranger's near approach.
Id. Ib. b. iv.

Our dying friends are pioneers, to smooth
Our rugged pass to death; to break those bars
Of terrour and abhorrence Nature throws
Cross our obstructed way.-Young. Complaint, Night 3.

Relax, sweet girl, your wearied mind,

And to hear the poet talk, Gentlest creature of your kind,

Lay aside your sponge and chalk, Cease the bar-bell, nor refuse

To hear the jingle of the muse.-Smart, Ballad 14.

Maid. But what is more, madam, the young gentleman, as you passed by in your present dress, ask'd me if you madam!-Goldsmith. She Stoops to Conquer, Act iii. were the bar-maid? He mistook you for the bar-maid,

Dut. Barbeeren; Fr. Barber; Lat. Barba, (of unsettled etymology) a beard. The noun Barb, is applied to

BARB, v. BARB, n. BARBA'TED. BA'RBED. BA'RBER, v. The jags or reversed points of BARBER, n. an arrow or hook; to certain BA'RBET. equipments, caparison, armour, or trappings of a horse or man. (See BARD.) Barbet is applied to

A certain covering or protection for the head. Barb, in the citation below from Chaucer, is said by Mr. Tyrwhitt, to mean a hood or muffler, which covered the lower part of the face and shoulders.

To barb, is also to cut close (the beard), to shear. to shave, to mow.

But let be this, and tell me how ye fare,
Do way your barbe, and shew your face bare
Do way your boke, rise up and let vs daunce
And let vs done to May some observaunce.

Chaucer. Troil. & Cres. b. ii.

About the tyme of prime came to the barriers of the listes, the duke of Hertford mounted on a white corser barbed with blewe and grene veluet embrodered sumpteously with swannes and antelopes of goldsmithes worke, armed at all poinctes.-Hall. Hen. IV. Introd.

Two manner of arrowes heades, sayth Pollux, was used in olde time. The one he calleth oyKivos, describinge it thus, havinge two pointes or barbes, lokinge backewarde to the stele and the feathers, whiche surelye we call in Englishe a brode arrowe head, or a swalowe tayl.-Ascham. Toxophilus.

80.

In faith quod your fred I thynke sainct Poule ment not For the had wiues bene in his tyme little better than grasse widowes be nowe. For they bee yet as seuerall as a barbers chayre, and never take but one at once.

Sir T. More. Workes, p. 230.

For of a suertie the duke strake the kyng on the brow right under the defece of ye hedpece on the very coyffe scull or basse-netpece whereunto the barbel for power and defence is charneld.-Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 16.

Thanked they were from the senat, and presents were sent unto them; to wit, a chaine of gold weighing two pounds; certain golden cups of foure pounde weight, a brave courser barb'd and trapped, and an horseman's armour.-Holland. Livius, p. 1179.

Civilis vpon a barbarous vow when first he entred warre with the Romans, suffred his yellow haire to grow long without barbing, and now, as vpon accomplishment thereof caused it to be cut, when the slaughter of the legions was perfourmed.-Saville. Tacitus. History, b. iv.

Who works for war, now thriveth by his trade.
The crown bill and the battle-ax prevail;
The curious fletcher fits his well-strung bow,
And his barb'd arrow, which he sets to show.

Drayton. The Battle of Agincourt.

The next thing that all people of the world agreed in, was to entertaine barbers, but it was late first ere they were in any request at Rome. The first that entred into Italie came out of Sicilie, and it was in the 454 yeere after the foundation of Rome. Brought in they were by P. Ticinius Mena, as Varro doth report: for before-time they never cut their haire. The first that was shaven every day was Scipio Africanus and after him commeth Augustus the emperour, who evermore used the rasour.-Holland. Plinie, b.vii. c. 59.

As the meaning of dumb persons is sometimes comprehended from the bare motion of the vocal organs, without the assistance of sound, so may the depth of some men's understandings be as plainly discovered from their behaviour.-Tatler, No. 277.

The study of morality I have above mentioned as that that becomes a gentleman; not barely as a man, but in order to his business as a gentleman.

Locke. Thoughts concerning Reading. Fear, pity, justice, indignation start, Tear off reserve, and bare my swelling heart; Till half a patriot, half a coward grown, I fly from petty tyrants to the throne.

Goldsmith. The Traveller.

If to some common's fenceless limits stray'd, He drives his flock to pick the scanty blade, Those fenceless fields the sons of wealth divide, And even the bare-worn common is deny'd.

Id. The Deserted Village.

BARGAIN, v. Fr. Barguigner; Goth. BairBARGAIN, n. gan; A. S. Beorgan, Birgan, BARGAINING, N. Byrgan. See To BAR. BA'RGAINER, To bargain, is to make a confirmed, strengthened, agreement. After two persons have agreed upon a subject, it is usual to conclude with asking, Is it a bargain? Is it confirmed? (Tooke.) See the quotation from Hackluyt. A bargain is

An agreement, a contract, confirmed, or strengthened, ratified, or assured.

So mykelle was that barge, it myght not lightly saile,
& so heuy of charge, & the wynde gan faile.
R. Brunne, p. 169.
He knew wel alle the havens, as they were,
Fro Gotland, to the Cape de finistere,
And every creke in Bretagne and in Spaine :
His barge ycleped was the Magdelaine.

Chaucer. Prologue, v. 412.

But drough hir to the water brinke,
Where she behelde the sea at large:
She sigh no ship, she sigh no barge.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.

I and my companion William Shales hauing dispatched our businesse at Balsara, imbarked ourselues in company of seuenty barks all laden with merchandise, hauing euery barke 14 men to draw them, like our westerne bargemen on the Thames, and we were forty foure dayes comming vp against the streame to Babylon.

Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. p. 278.

Many wafarers make themselves glee, by putting the inhabitants in mind of this privilege; who again, like the Campellians in the north, and the London bargers, forslow not to baigne them.-Carew. Survey of Cornwall.

Therefore when she was sent unto by divers letters, both from Antonius himself and also from his friends, she made so light of it, and mocked Antonius so much, that she disdained to set forward otherwise, but to take her barge in the river of Cydnus: the poop whereof was of gold, the sails of purple, and the oars of silver, which kept stroke in rowing after the sound of musick of flutes, howboys, citherns, viols, and such other instruments as they played upon in the barge.-North. Plutarch, p. 762.

In a walnote, with out ys a byter barke
And after that biter barke, be the shale aweye
Ys a curnel of comfort.

Piers Plouhman, p. 209.
And as in winter leaues ben biraft
Ech after other til trees be bare

So that there nis but barke & braunch ylaft Lithe Troilus, biraft of ech welfare Ibounden in the blacke barke of care Disposed wode out of his witte to breide So sore him sate the chaunging of Creseide. Chaucer. Troil. & Cres. b. iv. They shall make my vyneyard waste, they shall pill of the barckes of my fygetrees, strype them bare, cast them awaye, and make the braunches whyte.-Bible, 1551. Joel, c. 1.

As touching the falling and cutting downe of trees, to serve either in temples or for other uses, round and entire as they grow, without any squaring, as also for to bark them; the only time and season is, when the sap runneth, and that they begin to bud forth; otherwise you shall never be able to get of their barke: for bar ke them not, they will rot and become worme-eaten under the said barke, and the timber withall waxe duskish and blacke.

Holland. Plinie, b. xvi. c. 39. -So did it mine; And a most instant tetter bak'd [bark'd] about, Most lazar-like, with vile and loathsome crust, All my smooth body.-Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act i. se. 5. The cause is, for that trees last according to the strength of their sap and juice; being well munited by their bark against the injuries of the air.-Bacon. Nat. Hist. § 583. -Thy pallat the did daine The roughest berry, on the rudest hedge: Yea, like the stagge, when snow the pasture sheets, The barkes of trees, thou brows'd.

Shakespeare. Antony & Cleopatra, Act i. sc. 4. So doth the woodbine, the sweet honisuckle, Gently entwist; the female iuy so Enrings the barky fingers of the elme.

Id. Midsummer Night's Dreame, Act iv. sc. 1. And as the east and south winde strive to make a lofty wood

Bow to their greatnesse; barkie elmes, wild ashes, beeches bow'd

Even with the earth.-Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. xvi. What craftsman art thou, said the king,

I pray thee tell me trowe.

I am a barker, sir, by my trade;

Nowe tell me what art thou?

Edward IV. & Tanner of Tamworth. Percy, vol. ii.

The trees all barkless nakedly are left,
Like people stript of things that they did wear,
By the enforcement of disastrous theft,
Standing as frighted with erected hair.

Drayton. Moses, his Birth and Miracles.
Or shall I rather the sad verse repeat,
Which on the beeches bark I lately writ;
I writ, and sung betwixt; now bring the swain
Whose voice you boast, and let him try the strain.
Dryden. Virgil, Past. 5.

In the kingdom of Monomotapa, they have a method of The deciding lawsuits equally whimsical and uncertain. witness for the plaintiff chews the bark of a tree, endued with an emetic quality; which, being sufficiently masticated, is then infused in water, which is given the defendant to drink.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iv. c. 27.

See to BAR. Goth. Bairgan, The bark of to guard, to defend. a dog is that by which we are defended by that animal, (Tooke.)

}

To bark is to make a noise in our defence; also, in anger, in quarrel.

Thyne berkeres ben al blynde, that bryngeth forth thy lambren,

Thi dogge dar not beerke.-Piers Plouhman, p. 160.
Ran cow and calf, and eke the veray hogges
So fered were for berking of the dogges.

Chaucer. The Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 15,893.
For as it is an houndes kinde,
To berke vpon a man behynde.

BARK, v. BARK, n. BARKER.

Gower. Con. A. b. ii.

What thing hath ye whelpes of ye Romish antichrist so fiercely alwaies barked against, as at the translating of scripture and other bookes cōcerning matters of religion into the vulgare tong for the vse of ye people?

Udal. Preface to Matthew. Wherunto I can none otherwise answere, but that he who will throw a stone at euerie dog which barketh, had neede of a great satchel or pocket.-Gascoigne. To the Rev. Deuines.

I [Bp. Ridley] perceive, by your Grace's letters, I have been noted of some for my barking there; and yet to bark, lest God should be offended, I cannot deny, but indeed it is a part of my profession, for God's word condemneth the dumb dogs that will not bark and give warning of God's displeasure.-Burnet. Records, vol. ii. pt. ii. b. i. No. 59.

But loe, while thus amid the desert darke,

We passed on with steps and pace vnmeete, A rumbling rore confus'd with howle and barke Of dogs, shooke all the ground vnder our feete. Mirror for Magistrales, p. 260. And as we see it in experience, that dogs do always bark at those they know not; and that it is in their nature to accompany one another in those clamours: so is it with the inconsiderate multitude.

Ralegh. History of the World, Pref. They are rather enemies of my fame than me, these barkers.-B. Jonson. Discoveries.

About one o'clock after midnight they discern'd a light, and heard the barking of dogs; soon after they found the village, and there they were stored with provisions, according to the promises of the old pilot.

Oldys. Life of Sir Walter Ralegh.