Cleanthes, the stoic philosopher, when he was young, was "a fighter at cuffs," just as Pythagoras was. And his scholar Chrysippus, the acutest of all the stoicks, was at first a racer.-Bentley. Phalaris.

Those quick, acute, perplex'd and tangled paths,
That, like the snake, crush'd by the sharpen'd spade,
Writhe in convulsive torture, and full oft,

Thro' many a dark and unshunn'd labyrinth,
Mislead our step

Mason. English Garden, b. ii.

M. Colbert, the famous minister of Lewis XIV. was a man of probity, of great industry, and knowledge of detail; of great experience and acuteness in the examination of public accounts.-Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. iv. c. 9. A'DAGE, n. Fr. Adage, Adagial; It. Adagio; Sp. Adagio; Lat. Adagium. Vossius is perplexed between Scaliger and Varro. E sua propria significatione agatur ad aliud indicandum. (Scaliger.) Quasi abagio, aut ambagio, h. e circumagio (Varro): nempe quia adagio sit sermo circumambulans. It is used to denote

A'DAGY.
ADA'GIAL.

An old saw, or saying.

He [Edw. IV.] forgat the olde adage, saeyng, in time of peace, prouide for warre, and in the time of war, prouide for peace, whiche thing if he either had well remébred, or pollitiquely prouided for, he had not been chaced and expulsed his realm within xi dayes as he was in dede.

Hall. Edw. IV. an. 9.

Hugh. But thus you see the old adage verified, Multa cadunt inter-you can guess the rest, Many things fall between the cup and lip.

B. Jonson. Tale of a Tub, Act iii. sc. 4.

That wise Heathen said rarely well in his little adagie, mankind was born to be a riddle, and our nativity is in the dark.-Bp. Taylor. Polemical Discourses. Pref.

It was a satirical answer, [that of Aristotle,] and highly opprobrious to mankind; who being asked, What doth the soonest grow old? replied, "Thanks ;" and so was that adagial verse, No sooner the courtesy born, than the resentment thereof dead.-Barrow, vol. ii. Ser. 16.

The antithetic parallelism gives an acuteness and force to adages and moral sentences; and, therefore, abounds in Solomon's Proverbs.-Lowth. Isaiah. Preliminary Dissert. A'DAMANT, n. Fr. Diamant; It. DiaADAMANTE AN. mànte; Sp. Diamante; Lat. ADAMANTINE. Adamas; Gr. Adauas, from a, not, and dauaeiv, domare, to tame. That which cannot be tamed, subdued, broken. The properties of the magnet were formerly attriSee DIAMOND, and the quobuted to adamant. tation from Pliny.

The stone was hard of adamaunt, Whereof they made the foundemaunt, The tour was round made in compas, In all this world no richer was.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose.

Right as betwene adamants two Of euen weight, a pece of yron set, Ne hath no might to moue to ne fro For what that one may hale, that other let. ld. Assem. of Foules. When he [the traveller] stayeth in one city or town, let nim change his lodging from one end and part of the town to another, which is a great adamant of acquaintance. Bacon. Ess. On Travel. [He] ran on embattled armies clad in iron; And, weaponless himself,

Made arms ridiculous, useless the forgery
Of brazen shield and spear, the hammer'd cuirass,
Chalybean temper'd steel, and frock of mail
Adamantéan proof.-Millon. Samson Agonistes.
At last appear
Hell bounds, high reaching to the horrid roof,
And thrice three-fold the gates; three-folds were brass,
Three iron, three of adamantine rock
Impenetrable, impaled with circling fire,
Yet unconsumed.-Id. Paradise Lost, b. ii.

Any bounds made with body, even adamantine walls, are so far from putting a stop to the mind in its farther progress in space and extension, that it rather facilitates and enlarges it.-Locke. On the Hum. Unders., b. ii. c. 17. Adamantine hardness does not imply the least pain. Reid. Inquiry into the Human Mind, c. 5. s. 5. ADAPT, v. Lat. Adaptare, (ad, and the ADAPTATION. obsolete apere,) Gr. aTTE: to ADA'PTION. bind, to join. Aptus is dicitur ADA'PTNESS. qui convenienter alicui junctus ADE'PT, n. est. See Vossius. ADE/PT, adj. To join, fit, or suit to; to accommodate, to adjust. An adept is one who is well fitted or suited for

any particular purpose, from the skill, dexterity, and experience, he may have acquired in it; and hence,

A skilful, dexterous, experienced person.

For no man, so soone as hee knowes this [criticism] or reades it, shall be able to write the better; but as he is adapted to it by nature, he shall grow the perfecter writer. B. Jonson. Discoveries. Who could ever say or imagine such a body [the atmosphere] so different from the globe it serves, could be made by chance, or be adapted so exactly to all these grand ends by any other efficient than by the power and wisdom of the infinite God.-Derham. Phy. Theol. b. i. c. 3.

Though there be some flying animals of mixed and par

ticipating natures, that is, between bird and quadruped;

yet are their wings and legs so set together, that they seem

to make each other; there being a commixtion of both, rather than adaptation or cement of prominent parts unto each other.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 11.

Among many other reasons, I think myself very happy in my country, as the language of it is wonderfully adapted to a man who is sparing of his words, and an enemy to loquacity. Spectator, No. 135.

Not one of these sanctified philosophers but had dreams, visions, and extatic colloquies, with demons every night; and with this trumpery they drew Julian off from Christianity, and made him think himself as great an adept as any of his teachers.-Bentley. Rom. § 43.

Proceed! nor quit the tales which, simply told,
Could once so well my answering bosom pierce;
Proceed, in forceful sounds, and colours bold,
The native legends of thy land rehearse;
To such adapt thy lyre, and suit thy powerful verse.

Collins. Ode on the Superstitions of the Highlands. Some notes are to display the adaptness of the sound to the sense.-Bp. Newton. On Milton.

There is reason to suspect, that he [Aristotle] wrote often with affected obscurity, either that the air of mystery might procure great veneration, or that his books might be understood only by the adepts who had been initiated in his philosophy.-Reid. Analysis of Aristotle's Logick. c. 1. s. 1. From stucco'd walls smart arguments rebound; And beaus, adept in ev'ry thing profound, Die of disdain, or whistle off the sound.-Cowper.

ADA'SE, or DASE. See DAze.

In this chapter, he so gaily florished, that he had went wened ye glittering thereof would have made euery man's eyes so adased, that no man should have spied his falshed, and founden out the truth.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 459.

ADA'UNT, or DAUNT. See DAUNT.
The Gywes, & Herodes (that here kyng was)
He a dauntede hard y now, and non harm yt was.
R. of Gloucester, p. 61.

Hope.

ADAYS. On days.

With a meeke visage, sweete wordes in the toung, delibein in the person, temperaunce in the worke, euerie one Es beguile another now a daies, & by shrewdnes and mice, is beguiled himselfe.-Golden Boke, c. 13.

For, alas! at home I have a syre,
A stepdame eke, as hote as fyre,

That dewly adages counts mine.
Spenser.

Shep. Calend. March. Distillations of celestial days are conveyed in channels not pervious to an eye of sense, and now adays we seldom look with other, be the object never so beauteous or alluring. Bp. Taylor. Episcopacy Asserted, Epist. Ded. "Nething," continued the parson, "is commoner than for men now-a-days to pretend to have read Greek authors, who bare met with them only in translations, and cannot conjugate a verb in mi."

ADCORPORATE, v.

} ages,

Fielding. Journey to the Next World, Introd. Lat. of the lower or Acco'RPORATE. Accorporare, (Ad-corpus, to a body,) to join to a body. To join to, unite or mix with; to embody. We now use incorporate.

Custom being but a meer face, as echo is a meer voice, rests not in her unaccomplishments until by secret inclinain the accorporate her self with error, who being a blind and serpentine body without a head, willingly accepts what he wants, and supplies what her incompleatness went seekng-Miton. Doctr. of Divorce To the Parliament.

ADD, v.
A'DDIBLE.

ADDIBILITY.

A'DDITAMENT.

ADDITION.

ADDITIONAL, R. ADDITIONAL, adj. ADDITIONALLY. ADDITIONARY. A'DDITORY.

Fr. Addition; It. Addizione; Sp. Adicion; Adicionar; Lat. Addere, (Addare,) to give or put to.

To join or unite to; to increase the number, augment the quantity, enlarge the magnitude.

"Back to thy punishment, False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings, Lest with a whip of scorpions I pursue Thy lingering, or with one stroke of this dart Strange horrour seize thee, and pangs unfelt before." Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ii. Men. This man, lady, hath robbed many beasts of their particular additions; he is as valiant as the lyon, churlish is the beare, slow as the elephant.

Shakespeare. Troil. & Cress. Act i. sc. 2. Char. Though land and monies be no happiness, Yet they are counted good additions.

Beaum. & Fletch. Elder Brother, Act ili. sc. 5. The senate with applause and thankes approued and confrmed his [Probus's] election, with additions to his title, Aurastus, the Father of his Countrey, and the highest Bishop. For in those times, euen amongst heathens, the sacred title of a bishop was accounted an additament of bpour euen to an emperour.

Speed. History of Great Britain, c. 42. Having breath'd air, and slept in her [London's] bosom, now near upon forty years, it is no wonder if I be habitually in love with her; nor have I bin wanting to express it many times, by dedicating unto her the great French dictionary refin'd, and enriched with divers additionals. Howell. Londinopolis. Pref. This liberty he compasseth by one distinction, and that is, of what is necessary, and what is additionary.

Herbert. Country Parson, c. 31. No Cromwell Thomas can I find at this time in this ty, and can hardly suspect him to be the Cromwell of that age, because only additioned Armiger.

Some are additioned with the title of Laureat, though I must confess I could never find the root whence their bays did grow in England, as to any solemn institution thereof in our nation.-Fuller. Worthies, Cambridgeshire.

Every man of common sense can demonstrate in speculation, and may be fully convinced, that all the praises and commendations of the whole world, can add no more to the real and intrinsic value of a man, than they can add to his stature.-Swift. The Difficulty of Knowing One's-seif.

When it [the mind] has added together as many millions, &c. as it pleases, of known lengths of space or duration, the clearest idea it can get of infinity, is the confused incomprehensible remainder of endless addible numbers which affords no prospect of stop or boundary.

Locke. Essay on Hum. Underst. b. ii. c. 17.

Endless divisibility giving us no more a clear and distinct idea of actually infinite parts, than endless addibility (if I may so speak), gives us a clear and distinct idea of an actually infinite number.-Id. Ib.

And this endless addition or addibility (if any one like the word better) of numbers, so apparent to the mind, is that, I infinity.-Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 16. think, which gives us the clearest and most distinct idea of

When men are actually born to titles, it is almost impossible that they should fail of receiving an additional greatness, if they take care to accomplish themselves for it. Guardian, No. 111.

Nor can any representation of God's proceedings, be more harsh and incredible, than to suppose him by his omnipotent will and power, eternally and miraculously preserving such creatures unto endless punishment, who never had in them either originally or additionally, any principle of immortality at all.-Clarke. Let. to Dodwell.

The additory fiction gives to a great man a larger share of reputation than belongs to him, to enable him to serve some good end or purpose.—Arbuthnot.

The proprietor of the land, and the merchant who brought riches home by the returns of foreign trade, had during two wars bore the whole immense load of the national expenses; while the lender of money, who added nothing to the common stock, throve by the public calamity, and contributed not a mite to the public charge.

Bolingbroke. Let. to Sir W. Wyndham. Had I with cruel and oppressive rhymes Pursu'd, and turn'd misfortunes into crimes; Had I, when virtue gasping lay and low, Join'd tyrant vice, and added woe to woe.

Churchill. Ep. to William Hogarth.

ADDE'EM, See DEEM and Dooм. A. S. or ADO'Oм. Deman. To think, to judge, to determine.

For loe, the winged God, that woundeth harts,
Caus'd me be called to account therefore;
And for reuengement of those wrongfull smarts,
Which I to others did inflict afore,
Addeem'd me to endure this penaunce sore.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 8.
No judge then (0 thou greatest goddess trew!)
According as thy selfe doest see and heare,
And vnto me addoom that is my dew;
That is the rule of all, all being rul'd by you.
Id. Ib. b. vii. c. S.

A'DDER, Goth. Nadar; A. S. Nadre, or E'DDER. (which in English is neath, nether, low, lower,) applied to the whole serpentine class. See NETHER.

Bute hyt tho more wonder be Selde me schal in the lond eny foule wormes se. For nedres ny other wormes ne mow ther be nogt. And gef he beth thider bi cas from other londes y brogt, Heo dyeth thorg smel of the lond, other thorg towchyng y wys.-R. Gloucester, p. 43.

Ye generacioun of eddris: hou moun ye speke gode thingis whanne ye ben yvele? for the mouth spekith of plentee of the herte.-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 12.

Here mow ye seen, that dedly sinne hath first suggestion of the fende, as sheweth here by the adder; and afterward the delit of the flesh, as sheweth here by Eve; and after that the consenting of reason, as sheweth by Adam. Chaucer. Persones Tale. From Tenedon behold in circles great By the calm sea come fletyng adders twaine, Which plied towardes the shore.-Surrey. Virgile, b. ii. Dan shall be a serpent in the waye, an edder in the path, bytinge the horse heles, and hys rider fell bacwarde. Bible, 1539. Gen. c. 49. Memory confus'd, and interrupted thought, Death's harbingers, lie latent in the draught; And, in the flowers that wreath the sparkling bowl, Fell adders hiss, and poisonous serpents roll. Prior. Solomon. Pleasure.

A'DDICE, n. A. S. Adese; Lat. Ascia;
Adze.
which Vossius derives from
Axe.

Puller. Worthies, Cambridgeshire. to break, whose future is ağw. See HATCHET.

When once I shall see such monarchies and commonwealths no rarities, and see the addictedness of princes to the study of Scripture further the ulterior accomplishment of that part of it, which once promised God's people that "kings should be its nursing fathers, and their queens its nursing mothers;" I shall expect to see the golden age elsewhere than in poets' dreams.

Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 311.

We constantly oppose the generation of souls, that is, the production of life, cogitation and understanding, out of dead and senseless matter, and assert all souls to be as substantiall as matter it self; this is not done by us, out of any fond addictedness to pythagorick whimseys, nor indeed out of a meer partial regard to that cause of theism neither, which we were engaged in, but because we were enforced thereunto, by dry mathematicall reason.

Cudworth. Intel. Syst. Pref. p. xv.

Nor time, nor place Did then adhere, and yet you would make both; They haue made themselues, and that their fitnesse now Do's vnmake you.-Shakespeare. Macbeth, Acti. sc. 7. [We] planted in those parts our brave courageous brood: Whose natures so adher'd unto their ancient blood, As from them sprang those priests, whose praise so far did sound, Through whom that spacious Gaul was after so renown'd. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 6. Author of evil, unknown till thy revolt, Unnam'd in heaven, now plenteous, as thou seest These acts of hateful strife, hateful to all, Though heaviest by just measure on thyself And thy adherents.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vi.

The mortallest enemy unto knowledge, and that which hath done the greatest execution upon truth, hath been a peremptory adhesion unto authority, and more especially the establishing of our belief upon the dictates of antiquity. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. i. c.6. If slow, yet sure, adhesire to the track Hot-steaming, up behind him [the stag] come again Th' inhuman route, and from the shady depth Expel him, circling through his every shift.

Thomson. Autumn. It would be difficult to prove that God may not, in certain circumstances, have greater reasons for varying from his stated rules of acting than for adhering to them.

Farmer. On Miracles. Yet devious oft, and swelling from the part, The flowing robe with ease should seem to start; Not on the form in stiff adhesion laid, But well relieved by gentle light and shade. Mason. Fresnoy. Art of Painting. ADHIBIT, v. Lat. Adhibere, (Ad-habere,) to have, hold or keep, or put to.

To admit, to attain or obtain; to apply.

To which counsel there were adhibit very few, and they very secret.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 52.

This worshipfull Perkyn, arriuyng in Ireland, so seriously perswaded and allured them to his purpose that the greatest lordes and princes of the coûtry, adhibited such faith and credite to his wordes, as that thing had bene true in dede, whiche he vntruly with false demonstracions set forth and diuulged.-Hall. Hen. VII. an. 7.

ADJACENCY, n.
ADJACENT, adj.
ADJA CENT, n.
close upon, approximating to.

so is his horse constrained
Day by day till he hath attained
Unto a castle, pilotes ycalled,
Rich and strong, and wele aboue ywalled,
Adjacent by site of the country
And apertinent to Thebes the city.

Lidgale. The Story of Thebes, pt. i. Punt. I am a poore knight errant (lady) that hunting in the adjacent forrest, was by adventure in the pursuit of a hart, brought to this place.

B. Jonson. Every Man out of his Humour, Act. ii. sc. S. Now touching that proportion of ground that the Christians have on the habitable earth, I find that all Europe, that ruthful country of Lapland, where idolaters yet inhabit. with her adjacent isles, is peopled with Christians, except

Howell. Letters, ii. 9.

Lat. Adjacere, (Adjacere,) to lie near to. Lying near to, being

Because the Cape de las Agullas hath sea on both sides near it, and other land remote, and as it were æquidistant from it, therefore at that point the needle conforms unto the true meridian, and is not distracted by the vicinity of adjacencies.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 2.

The adjacent street of Essex, from Morris's coffee-house, and the turning towards the Grecian, you cannot meet one who is not an esquire, until you take water.

Tatler, No. 19. But where the sense of the author goes visibly in its own train, and the words, receiving a determined sense from their companions and adjacents, will not consent to give countenance and colour to what is agreed to be right, and must be supported at any rate, there men of established orthodoxie do not so well find their satisfaction.

Locke. On St. Paul's Epistles. Pref. The gall-bladder is a very remarkable contrivance. It is the reservoir of a canal. It does not form the channel itself, but it lies adjacent to this channel, joining it by a duct of its own, the ductus cysticus.

Paley. Nat. Theology, ch. 10. ADIA PHOROUS. Gr. Adiapopos, indifferent. Why does the church of Rome charge upon others the shame of novelty, for leaving of some rites and ceremonies which by her own practice we are taught to have no obligation in them, but to be adiaphorous?

Bp. Taylor. On the Liberty of Prophesying, s. 5.

add to. Adjective. See the quotations from Wilkins, Port Royal, and Tooke.

But this condicion ne draweth not with her thilke necessite simple, for certes this necessite condicionell, the propre nature of it ne maketh it nat, but the adiection of the condicion maketh it.-Chaucer. Boec. De Consol, b. v.

I am not ignoraunt of the force of bothe the maner of speaches, and that this word [church] signifieth not euery congregaució (but wyth an adiection, as I hate the malignaunt church) but it sygnifieth that onli multitude of

pople, which being vnited in the profession of Christe, is powen into one bodie.

Bp. Wynchestre. Of True Obedience, p. 19.

I have mere faulted in keeping the olde English wordes amuis jam,obsoleta) than in berowing of other languages Kish epithetes and adiectives as smell of the inkhorne.

Gascoigne. To the Reuerende Diuines, &c.

Larstufan Castel and Lordship, by the new acte, is remr from Cairmærdinshire, and adjected to Pembrokere-Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 26.

Am But now, see what your proper Genius can performe ae, without adjection of any other Minerva.

B. Jonson. Cynthia's Revells, Act iii. sc. 4. Kite. Now, trust me, brother, you were mvch to blame, Tincense his anger, and disturbe the peace Of my poore house, where there are sentinells,

That every minute watch, to give alarmes,

Of civil warre, without adjection

Of your assistance, or occasion.

Id. Every Man in his Humour, Act iv. sc. 8. It is probable that they made the child's name, by adjecting the syllable son to the appellation of the father. Fuller. General Worthies, c. 24. But Lamprias, my grandfather, said, that this adjection, proposition, rep, signifieth not only much and greatly, Kt also, above, or with-out-forth.

Holland. Plutarch. Morals, p. 596. From this ruin you come to a large firm pile of building, which, though very lofty, and composed of huge square sts, yet I take to be part of the adjectitious rock, for one in the inside some fragments of images in the walls and stones, with Roman letters upon them, set the wrong way-Maandrell. Journey, p. 136.

The true genuine sense of a noun adjective will be fixed ast in this, that it imports this general notion of pertaining to, or being affected with.

Wilkins. Real Character, pt. iii. c. 1. The name of adjectives has been applied even to those wels, which signify substances, when by their manner of fying, they are to be joined to other nouns in discourse. Port Royal General Grammar, p. 26. There is a gross mistake made between an adjected and tire word; that is, between a word laid close to Another werd, and a word which may lye close to another -Toke. Div. of Purley, vol. ii. p. 456.

As one, who long in populous city pent,
Where houses thick and sewers annoy the air,
Forth issuing on a summer's morn, to breathe
Among the pleasant villages and farms
Adjoin'd, from each thing met conceives delight;
The smell of grain, or tedded grass, or kine,
Or dairy, each rural sight, each rural sound.
Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ix.

The bodie of King Edmund rested for the space of three yeares in the parish church of S. Gregory, adioyning unto the cathedrall church of S. Paul, from whence it was conveyed backe agayne to Stapleford.-Stow. Chronicle.

For where is any author in the world,
Teaches such beauty as a woman's eye;
Learning is but an adiunct to ourselfe,
And where we are our learning likewise is.
Then when ourselues we see in ladies eyes,
Do we not likewise see our learning there?

Shakespeare. Love's Lab. Lost, Act iv. sc. 3. Ilub. So well, that what you bid me vndertake, Though that my death were adiunct to my act, By heauen I would doe it.-Id. K. John, Act iii. sc. 3. Cam. Then, if I mistake not, He scorns to have his worth so underprised, That it should need an adjunct in exchange Of any equal fortune.

B. Jonson. Case is Altered, Act. iii. sc. 3. St. Paul enjoins us to "redeem the time, because the days are evil;" that is, since we can enjoy no true quiet or comfort here, we should improve our time to the best advantage for the future: he might have also adjoined, the paucity of the days to their badness.-Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 15.

So noun adjectives are the names which are given to the adjunct natures of things, the notion of them consisting in this, that they signifie the subject or thing to which they are ascribed, to have in it something belonging to the nature or quality of those adjectives, which are predicated of it or limited by it.-Wilkins. Real Character, pt. iii. c. 1.

To examine another opinion, which makes the bread and wine indeed, as to their entire and true natures, to be retained in the sacrament; and so to be retained, that they have adjoinedly, naturally, corporally, and really, the true body and blood of Christ.

Strype. Memorials of the Reformation, b. i. c. 24. This Psalm [119] containeth manifold reflexions upon the nature, the properties, the adjuncts, and effects of God's law. Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 16. Every man's land is, in the eye of the law, enclosed and set apart from his neighbour's; and that either by a visible and material fence, as one field is divided from another by a hedge; or by an ideal invisible boundary, existing only in the contemplation of law, as when one man's land adjoins

to another's in the same field.

Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iii. c. 12.

ADJOURN, v. Į Fr. (Ad-jour,) Adjourner; ADJOURNMENT. It. (Giorno,) Aggiornare; Lat. Dies, Diurnum. The book into which the proceedings of each day in the R. Senate were entered, was called Diurnum. In the English Parliamentthe Journal, (qv.)

To adjourn, is to go on, to continue from day to day; and then-to any future day: and now, consequentially, to put off to a future time; to postpone, to delay, to defer, to discontinue.

He aiorned tham to relie in the North at Carlele. R. Brunne, p. 309. And vpon ye vIII day of July, Kynge [Henry the VI.] this yere began his parlyament at Westmynster, and so contynued

it tyll Lammas, and then it was aiourned vnto Seynt Ed

wardes daye.-Fabyan, an. 1433.

Or how the sun shall, in mid heaven, stand still A day entire, and night's due course adjourn, Man's voice commanding.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. xii. Pleased Palamon the tardy omen took: For, since the flames pursu'd the trailing smoke, He knew his boon was granted; but the day To distance driven, and joy adjourn'd with long delay. Dryden. Palamon and Arcite, b. iii. During the adjournments of that awful court, a neighbour of mine was telling me, that it gave him a notion of the ancient grandeur of the English hospitality, to see Westminster-hall a dining-room.-Tatler, No. 142.

An adjournment is no more than a continuance of the session from one day to another, as the word itself signifies. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 2. A'DITS. Lat. Aditus, from Adire, to go to, (Ad-ire).

A passage, an entrance.

Since they have gone a more compendious way by adyts, making their entrance (some five foot and a half high, and perchance as broad) into the mountain, at the lowest levell thereof, so that all the water they meet with conveyeth itself away, as in a channel, by the declivity of the place. Fulle. General Worthies of Wales.

In process of time, and multiplicity of business, the matter of fact continued to be tried by twelve men; but the adjudgment or the punishment, and the sentence thereupon, came to be given by one or two, or more persons.

Sir W. Temple. Intro. to the Hist. of England. The Roman law adjudged, that if one man wrote any thing on the paper or parchment of another, the writing should belong to the owner of the blank materials. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. ii. c. 26.

A common recovery is so far like a fine, that it is a suit or action, either actual or fictitious: and in it the lands are recovered against the tenant of the freehold; which recovery, being a supposed adjudication of the right, binds all persons, and vests a free and absolute fee-simple in the recoverer. Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 21. Nor was your House of Lords and the prerogatives of the crown settled on any adjudication in favour of natural rights, for they could never be so partitioned.

Burke. Reform of Representation.

ADJU'RE, v. I Fr. Adjurer; It. (obsol.) ADJURATION. Aggiurare; Lat. Adjurare, (Ad-jurare,) to swear to.

To put to upon oath; to charge or bind upon oath, or with the solemnity of an oath. In the first of Samuel (c. xiv.), where the Bible (1539) uses the word "adjured," King James's version has "charged the people with an oath.” (v. 28.) And in v. 24, King James's version has "adjured;" and in the Bible (1539) "charged the people with an oath." The Geneva Bible (1561) in v. 28, has, "made the people to sweare."

Spirit. She will be swift To aid a virgin, such as was herself, In hard-besetting need; this will I try, And add the power of some adjuring verse.

Milton. Comus. Caiaphas was not more malicious than crafty: what was in vain attempted by witnesses, shall be drawn out of Christ's own mouth; what an accusation could not effect, an adjuration shall; "I adjure thee by the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ, the Son of God."

Bp. Hall. Contemp. Christ before Caiaphas. Our Saviour when the high-priest adjured him by the living God, made no scruple of replying upon that adjuration Clarke. Works, vol. ii. Ser. 125

The progressive action depends for its success upon the nicest and minutest adjustment of the parts concerned. Yet these parts [are] so in fact adjusted as to produce, not by a simple action or effect, but by a combination of actions and effects, the result which is alternately wanted.

Paley. Natural Theology, c. 8. It is very easy, but very ungrateful, to laugh at collectors

of various readings, and adjusters of texts.

ADJU'TE, v. A'DJUTANCY. A'DJUTANT. A'DJUVANT, n. A'DJUVANT, adj. A'DJUMENT.

A/DJUTORS.

Whereon the king a parliament procur'd, To fix some things, whose fall he else might fear; Whereby he hop'd the queen to have abjur'd, His son, and such as their adjutors were. Drayton. Baron's Wars.

Acc.
For there be
Sixe batchelers, as bold as he,
Adjuting to his companee,
And each one hath his liverie.

B. Jonson. King's Entertainment at Welbeck. I have only been a careful adjuvant, and was sorry I could not be the efficient. -Sir. H. Yelverton. Narr. 1609.

He had a due regard to his person; for in great battles he would sit in his pavilion, and manage all by adjutants. Shaw. Tr. of Bacon. Of Julius Cæsar. Having treated of the generation of minerals, he finds that they have their seminaries in the womb of the earth, replenished with active spirits; which meeting with apt matter and adjuvant causes, do proceed to the generation of several species, according to the nature of the efficient, and fitness of the matter.-Howell, b. i. s. 6. Let. 35.

As nerves are adjuments to corporal activity, so are laws the hinges on which politique bodies act and move. Waterhouse. Fortescue, p. 197.

It was no doubt disposed with all the adjutancy of definition and division, in which the old marshals were as able as the modern Martinets.-Burke. Appeal to the Old Whigs. ADMEASURE. See MEASURE. ADMEASUREMENT, n. S Admeasurement and Admeasure are words of common use in the old law writers.

The antient and most effectual method of proceeding is by writ of admeasurement of pasture. This lies either where a common appurtenant or in gross is certain as to number, or where a man has common appendant or appurtenant to his land, the quantity of which common has never yet been ascertained. ・・・ And upon this suit all the com

moners shall be admeasured.

Power me thought yt I had to keep from mine enemies, and mee seemed to shine in glory of renoume, as manhood asketh in mean, for no wight in mine administracion, coud none yuels ne trechery by soth cause on me putte.

Id. Ib. b. ii.

King Henry [the iv.] perfightly remembring that there could be no more praise geuen to a prince than to execute his office in administryng justice, whiche aboue all thyng is the very necessary minister to all people,-called a great cousail of the thre estates of his realme.

Hall. Hen. IV. an. 14.

Beaum. & Fletch. Rule a Wife, &c. Act v. sc. 1. It is decreed and ordained in this present parliament, [An. 1560] that no manner of person or persons, in any time comWarton. Essay on Pope, ii. 198. ing, administrate any of the sacraments secretly, in any It. Adjutore; Sp. Ayudar, manner of way, but they that are admitted, and having Ayudador; Lat. Adjutare, (Ad-power to that effect.+Knox. History of the Ref. Lond ed jutare, jutum,) to help to.

To aid, to assist, to be useful, to contribute to the advantage of.

Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iii. c. 16. ADMINISTER, v. Fr. Administrer; It. ADMINISTRATE, v. Amministrare; Sp. AdADMINISTRATION. ministrar ; Lat. AdminiADMINISTRATOR. strare, (Ad- ministrare,) ADMINISTRA TRIX. to serve to. "Ut a magis est magister (says Junius, after Vossius ;) ita a minus vel minor est minister."

To serve, to contribute, to supply, to dispense,

to manage.

And I [Richard the ii.] renounce also the rule and gouernaunce of the same kyngedome & lordeshyppes, with all admynystracions of the same.-Fabyan, an. 1380.

There are dyuersities of gyftes, yet but one sprete. And ther are differences of admynystracyons, and yet but one Lorde.-Bible, 1539. 1 Cor. c. 12.

About thys season, the cardinall of Yorke beyng legate, proued testaments, and did call before him all the executors & administrators of euery dioces within the realme, so that the bishops and ordinaries, did prooue no great willes in their dioces, except he were compounded with, not to their little disauauntage.-Grafton. Hen. VIII. an. 15.

Per.Thou scurvy thing! hast ne'er a knife Nor ever a string to lead thee to Elysium? Be there no pitifull 'Pothecarus in this town, That have compassion upon wretched women, And due administer a dream of rat's bane?

For forms of government let fools contest Whate'er is best administer'd is best. Pope. Essay on Man. Epistle 3. He [the Earl of Clarendon] was a good chancellor, only a little too rough, but very impartial in the administration of justice.-Burnet. Own Times, an. 1660.

He [the king] is ours, T administer, to guard, t'adorn the state, But not to warp or change it. -Cowper. Task, b. v.

The latter [method of acquiring personal property] which is also according to the will of the deceased, not expressed indeed but presumed by the law, we call an administration. Blackstone. Com. b. ii. c. 32.

Amiralls, or Admiralls, much difference there is about the original of this word, whilst most probable their opinion who make it of eastern extraction, borrowed by the Christians from the Saracens. These derive it from Amir, in Arabick a Prince, and 'Aλtos, belonging to the sea, in the Greek language; such mixture being precedented in other words. Fuller. General Worthies of England, c. 6. His spear, to equal which the tallest pine Hewn on Norwegian hills, to be the mast Of some great Ammiral, were but a wand, He walkt with to support uneasie steps.

ADM

It [moral and private virtue] taketh away vain admiration of any thing, which is the root of all weakness: for all things are admired, either because they are new, or because they are great.-Bacon. Of Learning, b. i.

Ye haue in his exauple [Hen. VIII.] suche a marke set vp vnto you, as without the sweat and laboures of Hercules, ye shall not bee hable to clyme vnto. Ye must not surmount & passe a kyng whiche was in his tyme pierelesse, and a matier of publique admiracion to the vniuersalle worlde. Udal. Pref. to the Kynges Maiestee. For this cause god warneth vs before, lest we, taken with the admiracion of powr and good successe, or els broken wth trouble and persecucion, fall from the gospell vnto these prosperosly puft vp princes and prelatis. Joye. Exposicion of Daniel, c. 7.

La. You haue displac'd the mirth, Broke the good meeting with most admir'd disorder. Shakespeare. Macbeth, Act iii. sc. 4.

The undaunted fiend what this might be admir'd;
Admir'd, not fear'd; God and his Son except,
Created thing naught valued he, nor shunn'd.
Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ii.
-Let none admire
That Riches grow in Hell.-Id. Ib. b. i.
Who with right humble thanks him goodly greeting,
For so great prowesse, as he there had proued,
Much greater then was euer in her weeting,
With great admirance inwardly was moved,
And honour'd him, with all that her behoued.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 10.
Gui. Do not play in wench-like words with that
Which is so serious. Let vs bury him,
And not protract with admiration, what
Is now due debt. To th' graue.

Shakespeare. Cymbeline, Act iv. sc. 2. Admiration seiz'd All Heaven, what this might mean, and whither tend, Wondering; but soon the Almighty thus replied. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. îîî.

We shall find that admiration is as superior to surprise and wonder, simply considered, as knowledge is superior to ignorance; for its appropriate signification is that act of the mind, by which we discover, approve, and enjoy some un usual species of excellence.

Cogan. On the Passions, pt. i. c. 2

The admirers of this great poet have most reason to com plain when he approaches nearest to his highest excellence and seems fully resolved to sink them in dejection, and mollify them with tender emotions by the fall of greatness the danger of innocence, or the crosses of love. Johnson. Preface to Shakespear

ADMIT, v. ADMI'SSIBLE. ADMISSION. ADMITTABLE. ADMITTANCE.

Fr. Admettre; It. Ammettere Sp. Admitir; Lat. Admittere (Ad-mittere,) to let into. Se COMMIT, EMIT, &c.

To give leave to enter; t grant, allow, or suffer to b To admit an opinion, o

ADMITTER. brought in or forward. argument, is To allow, concede, grant the force of it; t

assent to it.

In this xlv yere [Hen. III.] shortly after Alhalowyn day the baronys admytted and made sheryfys of dyuerse shyr of Englade, and dyschargyd suche as the kynge before h admylted, and named them gardeyns and kepers of t counties and shyres; and ouer that, the baronys wolde n suffre ye justice, yt the kynge had admytted to kepe ye ple and the lawy's called Itinerarii, but suche as were of the admyssyon; wherewt the kinge was greuouslye dysco tentyd.-Fabyan. Hen. III. an. 1261.