When one approach'd who bore much sober grace,
Order and ceremony in his face ;

A threatening rod did his dread right hand poize,
A badge of rule and terrour o'er the boys:
His left a massy bunch of keys did sway,
Ready to open all to all that pay.-Otway. Windsor Castle.
He is more especially distinguished from other birds, by
his bunchy tail, and the shortness of his legs.-Grew.Museum.

When Tom, an' please your honour, got to the shop, there was nobody in it but a poor negro girl, with a bunch of white feathers slightly tied to the end of a long cane flapping away flies-not killing them.

Sterne. Tristram Shandy, vol. ix. c. 6. BUNDLE, v. Į A. S. Byndel; i. e. Bondel, BUNDLE, n. bond-dal is compounded of two participles, bond and dæl, (deal) :

A small part or portion bound up, (Tooke.)

And when Paul had gathered a bondel of styckes, and put them in the fyre, there came a vyper out of the heate and leapt on his hande.-Bible, 1551. Acts, c. 28.

And yf any man ryse to persecute the, and to seke thy soule, the soule of my lord be bounde in a bondel of life with the Lord thy God. And the souls of thine enemys be slonge in the mydel of a sling.-Id. 1551. 1 Samuel, c. 25.

BUNGLE, v. BUNGLE, n. BUNGLER. BU'NGLINGLY. sily, unskilfully.

Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act v. sc. 1.

of unknown etymology. In Fr. Bougonner.

To do or perform any thing imperfectly, awkwardly, clum

I thought it rather better to seke the edification of the playne vnlearned by playne turnyng of wordes, then by tedious circumlocution to make a paraphrase vpon a paraphrase, and by that meanes, not onelye to leaue the simple vulgare people vntaught or neuer the better, but also in vayne sekynge after curiositie to be iustly laught to scorne, for bungling at the thyng that is farre aboue my capacitie. Udal. Prologue to Ephesians. For if ye take heede vnto him, ye shall sone perceiue that he is eue but a very bungler.

What a disgrace it were bungerlie to botch vp a rub garment by clouting it with patches of sundrie colours. Hollinshed. Chron. of Ireland, Epist. Ded. Or being blind. (as fittest for the trade,) Go hire thyself some bungling harper's boy. Drayton, Idea 67. This opinion is further confuted by those àμаρтημата (as Aristotle calls them) those errors and bungles which are committed, when the matter is inept and contumacious. Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 150. But how should any signpost dawber know The worth of Titian or of Angelo? Hard features every bungler can command; To draw true beauty, shows a master's hand. Dryden. To Mr. Lee on his Alexander. For to denominate them even monsters, they must have had some rude kind of organical bodies; some stamina of life, though never so clumsy, some system of parts combunglingly, their peculiar motions and functions. pounded of solids and liquids, that executed, though but

Bentley, Ser. 5.

I would, however, earnestly exhort my friend, the metaphysician, to believe himself a free agent upon the bare authority of his own feelings, and not to imagine that nature is such a bungler in her trade, as first to intend to impose upon him, and then inadvertently give him sagacity to see through the imposture.-Beattie. On Truth, pt. ii. c. 2.

What if from Van's dear arms I should retire,
And once more warm my bunians at your fire.
If I to Bow-street should invite you home,
And set a bed up in my dining room,
Tell me, dear Mr. Congreve, would you come?

BUNT. Bunts are perhaps bent or broken BUNTER. bits. And if this be correct, a bunter may have been originally applied

To one who picks up bits of any thing about the streets or ways, and then to any low woman.

Rowe. An Imitation of Horace, b. iii. Ode 9.

The bunt of a sail, ni fallor, says Skinner, is the bent of a sail, that part of the sail which is pregnant with wind, which receives the wind in its full bosom.

The sea, with such a storme as his bare head

In Hell-blacke-night indur'd, would haue buoy'd vp
And quench'd the stelled fires :

Yet poore old heart, he holpe the heauens to raine.
Shakespeare. Lear, Act iii. sc. 7.

In his [Meric Casaubon] wonderful delivery from drownwhen overset in a boat on the Thames near London, the two watermen being so drowned, and he buoyed up by the help of his priests coat.-Wood. Athene Oxon.

Ah, think not, mistress! more true dulness lies
In folly's cap, than wisdom's grave disguise :
Like buoys that never sink into the flood,
On learning's surface we but lie and nod.
Pope. Dunciad, b iv.

When the great soul buoys up to this high point,
Leaving gross nature's sediments below,
Then, and then only, Adam's offspring quits
The sage and hero of the fields and woods,
Asserts his rank, and rises unto man.

Young. The Complaint, Night 5.
As when the merchant, to increase his store,
For dubious seas advent'rous quits the shore;
Still anxious for his freight, he trembling sees
Rocks in each buoy, and tempests in each breeze.

P. Whitehead. An Occasional Prologue. To those bright climes, awakening all her powers, And spreading her unbounded wing, the muse Ascending soars on, through the fluid space,

The buoyant atmosphere.-Mallet. The Excursion, c. 2. 'BUR. fruits, and flowers are covered," (Cotgrave.) Fr. Bourre, of unknown etymology. "The down or hairy coat, wherewith divers herbs,

That which sticks or adheres, as such down, rough, or hairy coat does to any thing on which it falls.

For thorw smoke and smothre smerteth hus syghte
Tyl he be blereyde othr blynde. and the borre in hus throte
Knoweth and corseth that crist gyue hym sorwe
That sholde brynge yn bettere wode. othr blowe til hit
brente.
Piers Plouhman, p. 337.

Hauing no hold but the very Scripture, whereunto thes cleaue as burres so fast that they can not be pulled away saue with very syngyng them out.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 287

In burglary do they insist, that the jury have nothing to do but to find the taking of goods, and that if they do, they must necessarily find the party guilty, and leave the rest to the judge; and that they have nothing to do with the word felonie in the indictment?

Burke. Power of Juries in Prosecutions, &c. As for the entry, any the least degree of it, with any part of the body, or with an instrument held in the hand, is sufficient; as, to step over the threshold, to put a hand or a hook in at a window to draw out goods, or a pistol to demand one's money, are all of them burglarious entries.

Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iv. c. 16.

BURL. In Pliny, (b. xxv.) mox desquamaBU'RLER.tur Cimolia-is rendered by Holland, "they fall anone to burling it with Cimolia." And see the quotation from Holland's Plutarch, in v. BECLAW, Skinner thinks it is from the Fr. Bourre, (See BUR.) To burl then will be

To clear away or take off the burrs, the down or hairy coat, the shreds, knots, threads, &c.

To come then to the mysterie of fullers craft, first they wash and scoure a peece of cloth with the earth of Sardinia, then they perfume it with the smoke of brimstone, which done, they fall anone to burling it with Cimolia.

Holland. Plinie, b. xxxv. c. 17.
Then up-hung

On rugged tenters, to the fervid sun
Its level surface, reeking it expands;
Still brightening in each rigid discipline,
And gathering worth; as human life, in pains,
Conflicts, and troubles. Soon the clothier's shears,
And burlers thistle, skim the surface sheen.
Dyer. Fleece, b. iii.

And some ascribe th' invention to a priest, Burley and big, and studious of his ease.

BURN, v. BURN, n. BURNER. BURNING. To be, or cause to be, on fire, destroyed by fire; neated, kindled.

Cowper. Task, b. i. Goth. Brinnan; A. S. Bernan, byrnan; Dut. Bernen, burnen; Ger. Brennen; Sw. Branne. See TO BREN.

(Met.) To be inflamed, with passion or desire; i. e. to feel the passion of anger, love, hate, &c. to a heating or burning excess.

He causeth th' one to rage with golden burning dart,
And doth alay with leaden colde again the others hart,
Whote glemes of burning fire, and easy sparkes of flame,
In balance of unegal weight he pondereth by aime.
Surrey. Description of the Fickle Affections, &c.
For with a beck you shall me call;

And if of one, that burns alway,
Ye haue pitic, or ruth at all,

Auns were him faire with yea or nay.

Wyat. The Lady to answere directly with Yea or Nay. Herewith I feele the droppes of sweltring sweate, Which trickle downe my face enforced so. And in my body feele I lykewise beate,

A burning heart which tosses too and fro. Gascoigne. Dan Bartholomew. Nether was it a mystery, that the burners being without the ouen were brent, the good men being so salle in the hell, when thei whom thei burned shall reste in ioye. middis of the fyre, for siche burners shall fede the fyre of Joye. Exposicion of Daniel, c. 3. Notwithstandinge. it is not so longe sithence the seide reuerend fathers were themselves the burners, and persequutours of the Gospel-Jewel. Defence of the Apologie, p. 730.

fayth, even as it is impossible to separate heat and burning So that it is unpossible to separate good workes from from fire.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 42.

In yonder walls be mines of gold, quoth he! He's a poor slave that thinks of any debts; Harfleur shall pay for all, it ours shall be. "This air of France doth like me wondrous well; Let's burn our ships for here we mean to dwell." Drayton. The Battle of Agincourt. White beets only stamped, although there come no oile unto them, healeth any burne or scalding, if the place be therewith anointed.-Holland. Plinie, b. xx. c. 8.

A child, who has been burnt with a red-hot coal, is careful to avoid touching the flame of a candle; for as the visible qualities of the latter are like to those of the former, he expects, with a very high degree of assurance, that the effects produced by the candle operating on his fingers, will be similar to those produced by the burning coal.

Beattie. On Truth, pt. i. e. 2. 7.

BURN, v. Fr. Brunir, to burnish, to furBU'RNISH, v. bish, to polish, and also to make BU'RNISH, n. brown, (Cotgrave.) It. BruBU'RNISHER. nire; Sp. Brunir; Dut. Bruyneren; infuscare, polire metalla. The Fr. Brunir, Junius says, is to make brown, (i. e. to give a burned colour. See BROWN and BRONZE.) Whence to burnish metal is to rub it till it has fuscum nitorem, till it is brown and bright. Skinner says, that Brunir, to polish (sc. armour) is, he believes, from the verb to burn, because arms carefully polished shine so intensely as to appear to burn. Gower and Chaucer write to burn.

To burn or burnish (generally) is—

To brighten or give brightness, to polish: to rub off the rust, to polish up for use: to be or become bright, splendid, conspicuous; to shine forth.

And downward from an hill under a bent,
Ther stood the temple of Mars armipotent
Wrought all of burned stele, of which th' entree
Was longe and streite, and gastly for to see.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1985.
And Phebus died hath hire tresses grete,
Like to the stremes of his burned hete.

Id. The Doctoures Tale, v. 11,972. And euermore, as it is tolde, An harnois as for a lustie knight, Whiche burned was as siluer bright Of swerde, of plate, and eke of maile, As though he shulde do bataile,

He toke also with hym by ship.-Gower. Con. 4. b. v.

Dut. Beurs; Ger. Borse; Fr. Bourse; It. Borsa; Sp. Bolsa; BURSARY. Lat. Bursa; from the Gr. Bupon, BURSARSHIP. corium, (Voss. de Vit. lib. ii. c. 2.) i. e. a hide or skin; the material of which that now called a purse or burse, was made. synecdochen, (Wachter observes) materiæ pro forma. See also Menage in v. Bourse. Holland renders vesica, a burse or skin. It is also applied to

Per

A place for money or mercantile transactions. Bursar, i. e. PURSER, (qv.)

BURSE.

BURSAR.

Furthermore hee affirmeth, that they be not the right stones of a bever, when they are seene without a twofold burse or skin, which no living creature hath besides. Holland. Plinic, b. xxxii. c. 2.

Tattelius-
Trampling the bourse's marble twice a day,
Tells nothing but stark truths I dare well say.
Bp. Hall. b. vi. Sat. 1.

As for his [Hales] justness and uprightness in his dealings, all that knew, have avouched him to be incomparable; for when he was bursar of his Coll. and had received bad money, he would lay it aside, and put good of his own in the room of it to pay to others.-Wood. Athena Oxon.

Not the plotting of an headship, (for that is now become a court business,) but the contriving of a bursership of twenty nobles a year, is many times done with as great a portion of suing, siding, &c.-Hale. Remains, p. 276.

It has been considered as of so much importance, that a proper number of young people should be educated for certain professions, that sometimes the public, and sometimes the piety of private founders, have established many pensions, scholarships, exhibitions, bursaries, &c. for this purpose.-Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 10.

BURST, v. or

A. S. Burstan, bærstan, BRUST. beorstan, rumpere; Dut. BorBURST, n. sten, bersten; Ger. Bresten, bersten; Sw. Brista, to break open or asunder. It seems to be peculiarly applied when the thing broken incloses or surrounds something else; as to burst a bladder; the bottle burst. It is also used without any such restriction.

To break open or apart, to rush, to gush forth. Met. to burst with envy; the passions burst forth. From the Lat. Rumpere, we have borrowed the compounds, abrupt, &c. corrupt, &c. disruption, eruption, irruption, and also the uncompounded rupture: the disease peculiarly so called, Boyle denominates" burstness or rupture," (Works, vol. vi. p. 376.)

The the smytyn of lance was ydo, to the suerde hii nome, And slou to grounde vaste ynou, and burste mony a sselde That longe yt was ar other alf mygte wynne feld. R. Gloucester, p. 437. An engyn had thei ther in, & profred for to kast, The gerde brast in tuyn, to help mot it not last. R. Brunne, p. 326, And this Iudas hadde a feeld of the hire of wickednesse, and he was hanged and to brast the myddil and alle hise entrailis weren shed abrood.-Weclif. Acts, c. 1.

smiles, to chat in the beginning with more than ordinary For this purpose we agreed to meet him with our usual kindness, to amuse him a little; and then in the midst of the flattering calm to burst upon him like an earthquake, and overwhelm him with a sense of his own baseness. Goldsmith. Vicar of Wakefield, c. 15. Of grief And indignation rival bursts I pour'd; Half execration mingled with my prayer; Kindled at man, while I his God ador'd.

Young. The Complaint, Night 3.

BURY.
BU'RIAL.
BU'RYER.

Dut. Berghen; Ger. Bergen;
A. S. Byrgan, sepelire:-

To put into a place of protecBU'RYING. tion, safety, or defence. Hence also to hide, to secrete, to conceal; to put or keep in secresy, or concealment.

To bury the dead,-to place or deposit in a place of security; to inter; to place in a grave, in a sepulchre.

Burial, A. S. Byrgel, is the diminutive of Byrig or Burgh, a defended or fortified place, (Tooke.) See BURGH. Formerly applied to the place, now to the act, of burying.

The morwe after Seynte Marye day the latere ded was,
In the abbey of Cam ybured was, thys kyng:
And Henry, hys gonge sone, was at hys buryng.
R. Gloucester, p. 382.
Id. p. 204.

An buryels al nywe ymad.
Whan he was asoyled of the pape Sergie,
He died and was biried in Rome solemplie.

R. Brunne, p. 1. Ryght so by the rode quath ich. rouhte the nevere Wher my body yburied were. by so ge hadde my goodes. Piers Plouhman, p. 202. Anothir of hise disciplis seide to him, Lord suffre me to go first, and birie my fadir: but Jhesus seide to him, sue thou me, and lete the dede men birie ther dede men. Wiclif. Matthew, c. 8. The earth schook, and stoones weren cloven, and birials weren opened, and many bodies of sayntes that hadden slept rysen up.-Id. Ib. c. 27.

Cecil him toke and buried him anon
By Tiburce and Valerian softely,
Within hir burying place, under the ston.

Chaucer. The Second Nonnes Tale, v. 15,877.
But sens thus sinfully ye me beguile
My bodie mote ye seen within a while
Right in the hauen of Athenes fletyng
Withouten sepultre and burying
Though ye ben harder then is any stone.

Id. Legend of Phillis. Thus they suaged somwhat his yre, and so passed that night; and the next mornyng Richarde Stafforde was buried in the churche of the vyllage thereby, and at his burying were all those of his linage, barons, knightes, and squyers, that were in that armye.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 12. They shal ordeyne me also to be dead buryers, euer goyng thorowe the lande, and appoynte them certain places to burye those in, whiche remayne vpon the felde, that the land may be clensed.-Bible, 1551. Ezechiel, c. 39.

BUSH. Fr. Bois; It. Bosco; Sp. BU'SHED. Bosque; Ger. Busch; Dut. BU'SHMENT. Bosch; Sw. Buske, a wood. BU'SHY. From Bоoke, to feed, because there cattle feed; as nemus, from veue, (Wachter and Junius.) Skinner prefers to derive it from the Lat. Arbuscula. Formerly applied to

A whole wood, (sylva, nemus,) but now to a low tree or shrub with thick, small bows or shoots: to any thing similar, as a bushy wig.

Bushment was used anciently as ambush and ambushment are now. See AMBUSH, and also BUSK. Briddes ich by heelde. in bosshes maden neestes. Piers Plouhman, p. 223.

And of deed men that they rise agen han ye not red in the book of Moyses on the buysh hou God spak to him and seye, Y am God of Abraham and God of Isaac and God of Jacob?-Wiclif. Mark, c. 12.

Ther as by aventure this Palamon
Was in a bush, that no man might se,
For sore afered of deth was he.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1519.
His heade is the most fine golde; the lockes of his here
are bushed, browne as the evening.
Bible, 1551. Ballettes, c. 5.

His head is as the most fine gold, his locks are bushie and black as a raven.-Id. Modern Version.

To binde a bushe of thornes amongst sweete smelling floures,

May make the posie seeme the worse, and yet the fault is

ours:

For throw away the thorne, and mark what will ensew? The posie then will shew itselfe, sweete, faire and fresh of hew-Gascoigne. Councell to Dugiasse Diue.

the Duke's seruantes and Nashefeldes and other longing to Tyl at last in the nether ende of the hal, a bushement of the Protectour, with some prentises and laddes that thrust into the hal amonge the prese, began sodainelye at mennes backes to crye owte as lowde as their throtes would giue: Kyng Rycharde, Kynge Rycharde and threwe vp their cappes in token of ioye.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 64.

Fynally he concluded that he wolde make a busshement with a certayne nombre of knyghtes; and lye awayte to take the vytayle yt was brought to the hoost from ye porte of Russilian.-Fabyan. Philippe III. an. 1273.

Whereupon feyning a mistrust for the slaughter in the last ouerthrowe, she gaue backe so longe till she had brought Cyrus into a strayt, and there enuironing him with a bushement of souldiers layd before in the mountaynes for the same purpose, she slewe 200,000 Persians and the King himselfe.-Goldyng. Justine, fol. 6.

The feldes whist, beastes, and fowles of diuers hue
And what-so that in the brode lakes remainde,
Or yet among the bushy thickes of bryar,
Laide down to slepe by silence of the night
Gan swage their cares, mindlesse of trauels past.
Surrey. Virgile. Eneis, b. iv.

These blazing starres the Greeks call Cometas, our Romanes Crinitas: dreadfull to be seene, with bloudie haires, and all over rough and shagged in the top like the bush of haire upon the head.-Holland. Plinie, b. ii. c. 25.

Moreover a goodly broad busht tail they [the squirrels] have, wherewith they cover their whole body.-Id. Ib. b.viii. c. 38. Here (queen of forests all, that west of Severn ly) Her broad and bushy top Dean holdeth up so high, The lesser are not seen, she is so tall and large.

Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 7. If Lindamor, you would take notice of these and some other toils and hardships that attend a gardener's trade, you would, I doubt not, confess, that his employments, like his bushes, bring him thorns as well as roses.

Boyle. Occas. Reflect. s. 5. Ref. 4. As the two armies romped together on these occasions, the women complained of the thick bushy beards and long nails of their confederates, who immediately took care to prune themselves into such figures as were most pleasing to their friends and allies.-Spectator, No. 434.