But for he wolde a while abide

To loke, if he wolde him amende,

To him afore token he sende,

And that was in his slepe by night.-Gower. Con. 4. b. i.

In after ages it [Carlisle] had its share successively in the Drayton. Barons' Wars. history of Saxons, Danes, and Scots; and during the revolutions of these several nations, was the scene of every vicissitude of war.-Gilpin. Tour to the Lakes.

Succession, or subsequence, or consequence, in order of time; in order of place: and, metaShakespeare. Hen. V. Act iii. sc. 1. phorically, to the desires and pursuits of the mind.

So com a tempest wilde, his schip had alle ouer ronnen.
The maryner was ogast, that schip that wild not go.
Lotes did thei kast, for whom thei had that wo.

R. Brunne, p. 124.
And he that eete of that seed, sholde be evene trywe
With God and nat a gast bote of gyle one [only].
Piers Plouhman, p. 381.
And at the brondes ende outran anon
As it were blody dropes many on:
For which so sore agast was Emilie,
That she was wel neigh mad.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2343.
Now dere suster mine, what may it be
That me agasteth in my dreame (qd she)
This ilke newe Troian is so in my thought.
Id. The Legend of Dido, p. 203.

For wele I feele in my degree,
That all my witte is ouercast,
Wherof I am the more agast,
That in defaute of ladiship
Perchance in suche a dronkenship

I may be dead, er I beware.-Gower. Con. A. b. vi.
Holding backward the steppes wher we had come
In the dark night, loking all round about:
In euery place the ugsyme sights I saw;
The silence selfe of night agast my sprite.
Surrey. Virgile, b. ii.

But him (according as they had decreed)
With a deeres-skin they couered, and then chast
With all their hounds, that after him did speed;
But he more speedy, from them fled more fast
Than any deere, so sore him dread aghast.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vii. c. 6.
Then when the second watch was almost past,
That brasen dore flew open, and in went
Boid Britomart, as she had late forecast,
Neither of idle shewes, nor of false charmes aghast.

Id. b. iii. c. 12.

The agate (or agath) was in old time of great estimation, but now it is in more request. Found it was first in Sicilie neare unto a river called likewise Achates, but afterwards in many other places.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxxvii. c. 10.

With him ther was his sone a yonge squier
A lover, and a lusty bacheler

With lockes crull as they were laid in presse
Of twenty yere of age he was I gesse.

Chaucer. Prologue. The Squier.
Wilt thou not first go see where thou hast left
Anchises thy father fordone with age?-Surrey. Virgile,b.ii.
Tetchy and wayward was thy infancie,
Thy school-daies frightfull, desp'rate, wilde and furious,
Thy prime of manhood, daring, bold, and venturous:
Thy age confirm'd, proud, subtle, slye, and bioody.
Shakespeare. Rich. III. Act iv. sc. 3
Wilt thou be angry without end,
For ever angry thus?

Wilt thou thy frowning ire extend
From age to age on us?-Milton. Psalm 85.

Happy and innocent were the ages of our forefathers, who ate herbs and parched corn, and drank the pure stream, and broke their fast with nuts and roots.

Bp. Taylor. Holy Living and Dying.
The errours of young men are the ruine of business; but
the errours of aged men amount but to this, that more might
have beene done, or sooner.-Bacon. Ess. On Youth and Age.
Custom without truth is but agedness of error.
Millon. Of Reformation, b. i.
They make Apollo always with a young face and never
aging.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 1104.

Near this my muse, what most delights her, sees
A living gallery of aged trees;

Bold sons of earth, that thrust their arms so high,
As if once more they would invade the sky.
Waller. St. James's Park.
Ancient learning may be distinguished into three periods.
Its commencement, or the age of poets; its maturity, or the
age of philosophers; and its decline, or the age of critics.
Goldsmith. On Polite Learning.
His house was known to all the vagrant train,
He chid their wand'rings, but relieved their pain;
The long-remember'd beggar was his guest,
Whose beard descending swept his aged breast.
Id. Deserted Village.
Termination. See APPANAGE.

A/GE.

A/GENCY, n. Fr. Agent; It. Agente; Sp.
A'GENT, n. Agente; Lat. Agens, pres.
A'GENT, adj. part. of Agere: from Gr.
A'GENTSHIP.
Aye, to lead; to conduct.
See ACT. Applied particularly to-
The conduct or management of the affairs of
another.

By the rushy fringed bank
Where grows the willow and the osier dank,
My sliding chariot stays

Thick set with agat.-Milton. Comus, v. 893.
Of uncertain

Nor can I think, that any body has such an idea of chance, as to make it an agent, or really existing and acting cause of any thing, and much less sure of all things. Wollaston. Religion of Nature, s. 5. That act, which may be denominated morally good or distinguishing,

Per

telligent or free agent.—Id. Ib. s. 1.

A'GE, n. A'GE, v. haps originally applied to time, evil, must be the act of a being capable of dieting an inA'GED. past, gone, agone. A. S. Agan, A'GEDNESS. preteritus, exactus. And then generally to all time: or rather, as the A. S. Ece, from Ec-an, Eac-an, to eke, to prolong, to augment, (See ACHE,) is applied to a lasting, an everlasting continuance of time; ece, may have become age or eage by the mere change of c hard into g hard, and in course of time softened :-and mean,

A prolonged or lengthened course of time; a
long period of time; an advanced progress, of
time, of man's life, of years; and thence gene-
rally, time, course of years.

Fro the by gynnyng of the world, to the tyme that now is,
Sene ages ther habbeth y be, as sene tyme y wys.
R. Gloucester, p. 9.
But how he seeth now, we witen nere; or who opened
his yghen, we witen nere; axe ye him, he hath age, speke
he of himsilf.-Wiclif. John, c. 9.

Agent, one who, that which, acts, orders, operates, performs, manages, conducts; one who acts (for another, as substitute, or deputy); a factor.

A moral agent is a being that is capable of those actions that have a moral quality, and which can properly be denominated good or evil, in a moral sense, virtuous or vicious, commendable or faulty.-Edwards. On the Will, pt. i. s. 5.

The moral agency of the Supreme Being, who acts only in the capacity of a ruler, towards his creatures, and never as a subject, differs in that respect from the moral agency of created intelligent beings.-Id. Ib.

Should God again,
As once in Gibeon, interrupt the race
Of the undeviating and punctual sun,
How would the world admire! but speaks it less
An agency divine, to make him know
His moment when to sink and when to rise?
Cowper. Task, b. vi.
AGGELA'TION, n. Lat. Gelu, ice. See

GELID.

Ice is plain upon the surface of water, but round in hayl and figured in its guttulous descent from the ayr, and so growing greater or lesser according unto the accretion or pluvious aggelation about the mother and fundamental atomes thereof.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 1.

AGGENERATION, n. Ad-generare, genus, yiveσlai, to be. See GENERATE.

To make a perfect nutrition into the body nourished, there is required a transmutation of the nutriment; now where this conversion or aggeneration is made, there is also required in the aliment a familiarity of matter.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 21.

AGGLOMERATE, v. Į Lat. Agglomerare, (Ad-glomerare.)

AGGLOMERATION.

To roll up into balls. See CONGLOMERATE.

Besides, the hard agglomerating salts,
The spoil of ages, would impervious choke
Their secret channels; or, by slow degrees,
High as the hills protrude the swelling vales.
Thomson. Autumn.
Worlds! systems! and creations!-And creations,
In one agglomerated cluster, hung,
Great vine! on thee, on thee the cluster hangs.
Young, Night 9.
He seeks a favour'd spot; that where he builds
Th' agglomerated pile, his frame may front
The sun's meridian disk, and at the back
Enjoy close shelter, wall, or reeds, or hedge
Impervious to the wind.-Cowper. Task, b. iii.
Our author here paints from the life. An excessive
agglomeration of turrets, with their fans, is one of the
characteristic marks of the florid mode of architecture, which
was now almost at its height.

Warton. Hist. of Eng. Poetry, vol. ii. p. 223. note o.

his treaties with Holland, Sweden, and the princes sites of the empire, he (Richelieu] projected the agandment of France.-Bolingbroke. On History, Let. 7. Let the small savage boast his silver fur; Ls royal robe unborrow'd, and unbought, His descending fairly from his sires. Sman be proud to wear his livery, Anses in ermin scorn a soul without? Can place or lessen us, or aggrandize?-Young. Night 6. We may date from the treaty of Munster, the decline of the e of Austria, the great power of the house of Bourbon, and the aggrandisement of that of Brandenburgh. Chesterfield, Let. 159.

AGGRAVATE, v.
AGGRAVATION.
AGGRE'GE.

Fr. Aggraver; It. gravare; Sp. Agravar; Lat. Aggravare, (Adperhaps (says Vossius) geravis

Ts, heavy
from gerendo.)
To make heavy; to add to the weight or bur-

then

Auredge, or Aggrege, are used by Chaucer

G. Douglas, which Tyrwhitt and Ruddiman der to the French Aggreger (See AGGREGATE), and interpret, to aggravate.-Ingravat and Agyret, are both rendered Aggrege by Douglas.

And therfore a vengeaunce is not warished by another Tegance, ne a wrong by another wrong, but everich of en entreseth and aggreggelh other.

Chaucer. Tale of Melibeus. Some tyme a thynge righte well entended and mis-contred hath been turned to the worse, or a small displeasure en to you, either by youre owne affection, either by instigaof euill tongues hath been sore aggrauate.-Hall. Ed.V.

Mos. O, but before, sir; had you heard him, first,
Draw it to certaine heads, then aggravate,
Then use his vehement figures.-B. Jonson, Act ii. sc. 2.
Not that I endeavour
To lessen or extenuate my offence,
But that on the other side, if it be weigh'd
By itself, with aggravations not surcharg'd,
Or else with just allowance counterpois'd,
I may, if possible, thy pardon find.
Milton. Samson Agonistes.
Till over head, a sheet
Of livid flame discloses wide: then shuts,
And opens wider; shuts and opens still
Expansive, wrapping ether in a blaze.
Follows the loosen'd aggravated roar,
Enlarging, deepening, mingling.-Thomson. Summer.

I doubte not that here be many presente that either in slurs or their nigh frendes, as well their goodes as persones were greately endangered either by fained quets or small matters aggrauated with heinous names. Id. Ib.

Wollaston. Religion of Nature, s. 5.
Put yourself upon analysing one of these words [virtue,

Ag-liberty, or honour.] and you must reduce it from one set of
general words to another, and then into the simple abstracts
and aggregates.-Burke. On the Sublime and Beautiful.

The aggregated soil,
Death with his mace petrific, cold and dry,
As with a trident smote; and fix'd as firm

As Delos, floating once.-Millon. Paradise Lost, b. x.

For, seeing the church is a society of men, whereof every one (according to the doctrine of the Romish church) hath free-will in believing, it follows, that the whole aggregate hath free-will in believing.

Chillingworth. Relig. of Protestants, pt. i. c. 2. § 34. Empedocles and Epicurus, and all those that compound the world of small atoms, introduce concretions and secretions, but no generations or corruptions properly so called; neither would they have these to be made according to quality by alteration, but only according to quantity by aggregation.-Cudworth. Intell. System. p. 15.

To save the credit of the author, [the word now] must be favourably understood to be meant of such customs, as were in use either before the Conquest or at the Conquest, or at any time since, in the disjunctive, not in the aggregative.-Spelman. On Feuds, c. 14.

Jacobus de Dondis, the aggregator, repeats ambergreese, nutmegs, and all-spice amongst the rest.

Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 365. Some are modest, and hide their virtues; others hypocritical, and conceal their vices under shews of sanctity, good nature, or something that is specious. So that it is many times hard to discern, to which of the two sorts, the good or the bad, a man ought to be aggregated.

Corporations aggregate consist of many persons united together into one society, and are kept up by a perpetual succession of members, so as to continue for ever. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 18.

Many little things, though separately they seem too insignificant to mention, yet aggregately are too material for me to omit.-Chesterfield. Letters.

The rage dispers'd, the glorious pair advance,
With mingled anger and collected might,
To turn the war, and tell aggressing France,
How Britain's sons and Britain's friends can fight.

Prior. Ode to Q. Anne.
They are, by your own confession, but aggressions; and
you do not yourself believe them to be exact.
Wallis. Correction of Hobbes, § 12.

Leagues, offensive and defensive, which oblige the princes
not only to mutual defence, but also to be assisting to each
other in their military aggresses upon others.
Hale. Pleas of the Crown, c. 15.

Self-preservation requires all men not only barely to defend themselves against aggressors, but many times also to prosecute such, and only such, as are wicked and dangerous. Wollaston. Religion of Nature, § 1.

As the public crime is not otherwise avenged than by forfeiture of life and property, it is impossible afterwards to make any reparation for the private wrong: which can only be had from the body or goods of the aggressor.

Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iv. c. 1.

AGGRAVATE and

AGGRIEVE, v. Į
AGGRIEVANCE.

See

GRIEF.

To bear heavy upon, to weigh down, to sink, to depress (with sorrow or affliction); to afflict, to distress, to vex.

Grete was that linage and many to them cheued,
& of that ilk outrage the fest tham sore agreued.
R. Brunne, p. 323.
Ge syre ich seyde by so that no man were a grevede
Alle the science under sonne, and alle sotile craftes
Ich wolde ich knewe and couthe. kyndeliche in myn harte.
Piers Plouhman, p. 274.

For John, ther is a lawe that saieth thus,
That if a man in o point be agreved
That in another he shall be releved.

Chaucer. The Reves Tale, v. 4179.

What aileth you to grone in this manere?
Ye ben a veray sleper, fy for shame.
And he answered and sayde thus; madame
I pray you, that ye take it not agrefe.

Id. The Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 14,899.
The dredful figures gan appere to me
And great Gods eke aggreued with our town.
Surrey. Virgile, b. ii.

Yet was I neuer of your loue agreued,
Nor neuer shall, while that my life doth last.

Sir T. Wyat. The Louer waxeth, &c.

And thys pacyfyer aggrieueth the cleargye of England, for vse of the lawes not made by themself, but be common lawes of al chrystendome.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1015.

Duke.
Now briefly [lady] without circumstance
Deliver those agrievances, which lately
Your importunity possest our counsel
Were fit for audience.

Beaum. & Fletch. Fair Maid of the Inn, Act iii. sc. 1.

The aggrieved person shall do more manly, to be extraordinary and singular in claiming the due right whereof he is frustrated, than to piece up his lost contentment by visiting the stews, or stepping to his neighbour's bed.

Milton. On the Doct. and Discip. of Divorce, b. i. c. 2.

Those pains that afflict the body, are afflictive just so long as they actually possess the part which they aggrieve; but their influence lasts no longer than their presence.

South, vol. viii. Ser. 1.
AGGROUP, or GROUP. See GROUP.
To hold, or place in bands, or companies, or
assemblages.

We must have the same regard for the members; they aggrouppe, and contrast each other in the same manner as figures do.-Dryden. Obser. on the Art of Painting, § 132.

Bodies of divers natures, which are aggroupp'd (or com bined) together, are agreeable and pleasant to the sight. Id. Dufresnoy, § 60.

AGILE, adj. Fr. Agile; It. Agile; Sp. Agil; AGILITY. Lat. Agilis; from Agere, to act. Able to act with readiness, to move with individual momentary aggregation, but it is an idea of con- quickness, nimbleness; nimble, quick in action,

Because a nation is not an idea of local extent and

active.

tinuity, which extends in time as well as in numbers, and
in space. Burke. Reform of Representation.
AGGRESS, v. Fr. Aggresser; Sp. A-
AGGRE'SS, n. gressor, n.; Lat. Aggressum;
AGGRE'SSION. past part. of Aggredi, (Ad-
AGGRE'SSOR. gredi,) to step to.

To march or advance against; as foe against
foe; and thus applied to the commencement of a
quarrel; to the first attack.

He is an object of much pity that over-affects any temper things whatsoever. For, beyond what is spoken ay, it egosies his mind perpetually, and throws him on Abe mischief.-Feltham. Sermon, Luke xiv. 20.

I whether lately through her brightness blind, rough alleageance and fast fealtie,

I do owe unto all woman kind,

my heart pearc't with so great agony,
Then such I see, that all for pitie I could die.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 2.
Thee have I miss'd, and thought it long depriv'd
Thy presence; agony of love till now

Nefert, nor shall be twice. Milton. Par. Lost, b. ix..

31 man be falsely famed wil make purgatioun Two the officers be agramed A. asse him fro toun to toun Sede he muste pay raunsome he be cleme as is christall As than haue an absolution

& all rich false shull foule fall.-Chaucer. Ploum.Tale.

A equal agrarion is a perpetual law establishing and ving the balance of dominion by such a distribution, one man or number of men within the compass of fe or aristocrary, can com to overpower the whole peoPP by their possessions in lands.-Harrington. Oceana, p.54.

change their abode; or with mention and upon condition of
a colony, in which case they were to change their abode ;
and leaving the city to plant themselves upon the lands so
assign'd.-Harrington. Oceana, p. 61.

Per agrarian laws were such, whereby their lands ought e in divided among the people, either without mentax of a colony, in which case they were not oblig'd to

Agrarian laws, began to be promulgated within three and twenty years, and continued till the end of the commonwealth to produce the same disorders.

Bolingbroke. Dissertation upon Parties, Let. 13.

The sterres shinen more agreably whan the wind Nothus letteth his plungy blasts.-Id. Boecius, b. iii.

All fortune is blisful to a man, by the agreability or by the egality of hym that suffereth it.-Id. Ib. b. ii.

Then it is well seen, how wretched is the blisfulnesse of mortall things that neither it dureth perpetuell with hem, that euery fortune receiuen agreeably or egally, ne it deliteth not in all to hem that ben anguishous.-Id. Ib.

This house [Symon's in Bethany] presēteth vnto vs, the agreyng, and frendely felowshyp of the church; the which beyng vncleane, he washed and purified with his precious bloude.-Udal. Mark, c. 14.

For my spirite agreeth not with the spirite of this worlde, and my doctrine is wholly agaynste the affections of them, which loue the thynges that be of this worlde.

Id. Matth. c. 28.

And thus the couenaunt that ye made wt death, shall be disannulled and your agrement that ye made with hell, shall not stande. Bible, 1539. Isa. c. 28.

AGRARIAN, adj. Į Lat. Agrarius, Agrestis;
A RE'STICK.
from Ager, a field.
Agrarian is applied to the distribution of fields
rands. Agrestick, to that which is rustic, rude, thing disagreeable not painful, in some measure or other.
Lapolished.
Wollaston. Religion of Nature, s. 2.

As nothing that is agreeable to us can be painful at the
same time, and as such; nor any thing disagreeable plea-
sant, by the terms; so neither can any thing agreeable be for
that reason (because it is agrecable) not pleasant, nor any

At last he met two knights to him vnknowne,
The which were armed both agreeably,
And both combin'd, what euer chaunce were blowne
Betwixt them to diuide, and each to make his owne.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi c. 7.
To speake agreeable to him with whom we deale, is more
tha to speak in good words, or in good order.
Bacon. Ess. Of Discourse.
Agreeingly to which, St. Austin, disputing against the
Donatists, contendeth most earnestly.

Sheldon. On the Miracles of Antichrist.

When we possess ourselves with the utmost security of the demonstration, that the three angles of a triangle are equal to two right ones, what do we more but perceive, that equality to two right ones does necessarily agree, and is inseparable from the three triangles.

Locke. On Hum. Underst. b. vi. c. 1.

The agreablenesse of dissimulation doth almost every day surmount the homely simplicitie of truth; nay, and some would have it passe for a rule of court to confesse that he perceived the stars, if another would maintaine it to be night at high noone.-Evelyn. Of Liberty & Servitude, c. 5.

In short, so provoking a devil was Dick,
We wish'd him full ten times a day at old Nick;
But missing his mirth and agreeable vein,
As often we wish to have Dick back again.

Knowledge then seems to me to be nothing but the perception of the connexion and agreement, or disagreement and repugnance of any of our ideas.

Locke. On Hum. Underst. b. iv. c. 1.

Goldsmith. Retaliation.

The motives which the heathens had to the practice of their duty, were generally drawn by their best authors on this subject, from the agreeableness of virtuous actions to human nature, and from the advantage and necessity of them to society.-Pearce, vol. i. Ser. 5.

What would I not give, to have you read Demosthenes

critically in the morning, and understand him better than any body; at noon, behave yourself better than any person at court; and, in the evenings, trifle more agreeably than any body in mixed companies-Chesterfield, Let. 177.

This general agreement of the senses is yet more evident on minutely considering those of taste and smell. Burke. On the Sublime and Beautiful.

AGRICOLIST.
A'GRICULTURE, n.
AGRICULTURAL.
AGRICULTURIST.

tum.) John Scott has an eclogue entitled The
Agriculturists. Dodsley uses Agricolist. The
former is now in common use.

The culture or tillage of land; labour for the improvement, for the fertility of land.

Fr. Agriculture; It. Agricoltura; Sp. Agricultura; Lat. Agricola, Agricultura,

They chanc't upon an hill not farne away,
Some flocks of sheepe and shepheards to espy;
To whom they both agreed to take their way,

AGRISE, v. Į A. S. Agris-an, horrere, to
or A'GGRISE. S dread and fear greatly. Somner;

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 9.
Thus one by one, kindling each other's fire
Till all inflamed, they all at once agree;
All resolute to prosecute their ire,
Seeking their own, and country's cause to free.
Daniel. Civil Wars, b. iii.

In hope there newes to learne, how they mote best assay. probably formed upon the verb Hrys-an, Ge-hrys-
an, A-ge-hrys-an, to agrise, i. e. to beat, bruise,
or dash against; to shake, to shatter, and, conse-
quentially-

To shudder, or cause to shudder; to confound, to terrify. See CRUSH.

Those geoponical rules and precepts of agriculture which are delivered by divers authors, are not to be generally received: but respectively understood unto climes, whereto they are determined.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vi. c. 3. Trade wields the sword, and agriculture leaves Her half-turn'd furrow: other harvest fire A nobler avarice, avarice of renown.

Young. On the Situation of the Kingdom.

providing a constant subsistence; and this necessity proIt became necessary to pursue some regular method of duced, or at least promoted and encouraged, the art of agriculture.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. ii. c. 1.

By giving a sort of monopoly of the home market to its own merchants, artificers, and manufacturers, it raises the rate of mercantile and manufacturing profit, in proportion to that of agricultural profit; and, consequently, draws employed in it.-Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. iv. c. 9. from agriculture a part of the capital which had before been

The pasture, and the food of plants,
First let the young agricolist be taught:
Then how to sow, and raise the embrio seeds
Of every different species.-Dodsley. Agriculture, c. 2.

Tho were the porters agrise sore of thulke sizte & caste
hom the keyen vawe that hii mizte.-R. Gloucester, p. 539.
Tho kinges herte of pitee gan agrise
Whan he saw so benigne a creature
Falle in desese and in misaventure.

Chaucer. The Man of Lawes Tales, v. 5035.
And as she slept, anon right tho her met
How that an egle fethered white as bone
Under her brest his long clawes set
And out her harte he rent, and that anon
And did his harte into her brest to gon
Of which she nougt agrose. ne nothing smart
And forthe he flieth, with hart left for hart.-Id. Troil. b.ii.
And where they fynde in the thynkyng thereon, their
heartes agryce & shrynke in the remembraunce of the
payne, that their imaginacion representeth too the minde.
Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1215.