saffron whence the Egyptians place saffron before their beehives, to protect their honey from this animal. (See Vossius.) Pliny throws no light upon this etymology; and Herodotus says, the name of Crocodile was first imposed by the Ionians, from their resemblance to lizards, (so named by them,) which are produced in the hedges, (Euterpe, c. 69.) See the example from Fuller.

As cursed crocodile most cruelly can tole With truthlesse teares unto his death the silly pitieng soule.-Vncert. Auctors. Louer dreadding to moue. The river Nilus nourisheth the crocodile; a venomous creature, foure footed, as daungerous upon water as land. This beast alone, of all other that keepe the land, hath no use of a tongue. He only moveth the upper jaw or mandible, wherewith he biteth hard.-Holland. Plinie, b.viii. c.25. Ambiguous between sea and land The river horse, the scalie crocodile.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vii.

A certaine young gentleman, called Crocus, went to plaie at coits in the field with Mercurie, and being heedlesse of himselfe, Mercurie's coit happened by mishap to hit him on the head, whereby he receiued a wound that yer long killed him altogither, to the great discomfort of his friends. Finallie, in the place where he bled, saffron was after found to grow, wherevpon the people seeing the colour of the chiue as it stood, (although I doubt not but it grew there long before,) adiudged it to come of the blood of Crocus, and therefore they gaue it his name.-Holinshed. England, c. 8. Under foot the violet, Crocus, and hyacinth with rich inlay

Broider'd the ground, more colour'd then with stone, Of costliest emblem. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iv. The crokers or saffron-men do vse an obseruation a little before the comming vp of the floure, and sometime in the taking vp at Midsummer-tide, by opening the heads to iudge of plentie and scarcitie of the commoditie to come. Holinshed. England, c. 8. CROFT, n. A. S. Croft; a little farm, a close or little field enclosed, (Somner.) Spelman (in v. Croftum,) thinks from the Gr. KpVTT-, tegere, to cover, to protect; in which he is followed by other etymologists. Minshew says, a croft is a little close joyning to a house, that sometimes is used for a hempe-plot, sometime for corne, and sometime for pasture, as the owner listeth. It seemeth to come of the old English word Creaft, signifying handiecraft; because such grounds are for the most part extraordinarily dressed and trimmed by the labour and skill of the owner. For thei comen to my croft, my corn to defoule. Piers Plouhman, p. 129. Thre hundred they do adde, all issued out with one good will,

Such as Cerites house did keepe, or Mymon croftes did till. Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. x. A croft we esteem some little plot of ground, and both the name and the thing are yet in ordinary knowledge.

Verstegan. Restitution of Decayed Intelligence, c. 9. This have I learnt Tending my flocks hard by i' th' hilly crofts, That brow this bottom-glade. Milton. Comus. And Leinster's crofts beneath the pheasant's brake, Long lay unnoted. Dyer. The Fleece, b. ii.

wears on his cassock, or coat-armour, the badge of the cross," (Cotgrave.) Applied generally toAny war, any attack, any hostility; carried on with religious zeal. Fabyan uses the verb to croysey;-to wear the badge, to serve under the banner of the Cross.

The Fryday folowynge the feast of Penthecost, in yt yere of xii. c. and xliii. and xxii. yere of the reygne of the sayd Lewys, he, with many of his lordes, departed from Parys vpon his iourney towarde the holy lande; in whiche was croysed also the Archebisshop of Bourges, &c. with many other noble men whiche were longe to reherse.-Fabyan, an. 1263.

And whan that Pope Innocent the Sixt, and the colledge of Rome, sawe how they were vexed by these cursed people, they were greatly abashed, and then ordeyned a croysey, agaynst these yuell Christen people, who dyde their payne to distroy Christendome, as other bandes had done before wlout tytell of any reason.-Berners. Frois. Cron. c. 216.

This pope is decrepit, and the bell goeth for him. Take order, that when he is dead, there be chosen a pope of fresh years between fifty and three-score; and see that he take the name of Urban, because a pope of that name did first institute the croisado, and as with an holy trumpet, did stir up the voyage for the Holy Land.-Bacon. Of an Holy War.

The croisade was not appointed by Pope Urban alone, but by the council of Clermont, consisting of more than two hundred bishops assembled for all the west; and so persuaded were all persons of the will of God concurring in this enterprise, that it was made the shout for battle.

Jortin. On Ecclesiastical History.

After this narrative of the expeditions of the Latins to Palestine and Constantinople, I cannot dismiss the subject without revolving the general consequences on the countries that were the scene, and on the nations that were the actors, of the memorable crusades.-Gibbon. Roman Empire, c. 61.

The ecclesiastics took up the cross as well as others; but it should have been from a different motive, namely, to instruct the croisez, to comfort them, to adminster the sacraments to them, and not to buy off their own penances. Jortin. On Ecclesiastical History. The clergy, whose wealth and policy enabled them to take advantage of the necessity and weakness of the croises, were generally the purchasers of both.

Burke. Abridgement of English History. Reason her logic armour quit, And proof to mild persuasion sit; Religion with free thought dispense, And cease crusading against sense.-Green. The Grotto. Yet if, crusaders like, their zeal be rage, They hurt the cause in which their arms engage: On heav'nly anvils forge the temper'd steel, Which fools can brandish, and the wise may feel. Whitehead. On Ridicule.

CRO'ISANT. Crescent; so written after the French by some of our early writers.

So often as she [the Moone] is seene westward after the sunne is gone downe, and shineth the forepart of the night onely, she is croisant, and in her first quarter. Holland. Plinie, b. xviii. c. 32. Gower uses this word. See in v. CHAPLET. And see Skinner.

CRO'KED, n.

CRONE, n. Crone, croane, croen ; a deCRO'NY. Screpit, crafty old woman, says Skinner. Verstegan derives from the A. S. Crone, a ewe. Others from Gr. Kpovos, Saturn, or кpovios, lasting. But Dr. Jamieson leads us to the true etymology. Croyn, crone, crune, or croon, in Scotch, is a hollow, continued moan, (or rather groan;) the moan (or groan) of those who habitually utter heavy complaints under slight indisposition: it is also applied to the hollow murmuring sound with which old witches (i. e. the croners,) uttered their incantation; also, to the incantation itself; and further (without doubt) to the incantatrix herself. And thus it appears to be from the verb (Dut. Kreunan,) to groan, (by the common interchange of c and g.)

Cronies are those who groan or grumble over their grievances together.

This olde Soudanesse, this cursed crone, Hath with hire frendes don this cursed dede.

Chaucer. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 4852. That croked croane, although she be my make? Shee cloyes me with the cough, hir comfort is but cold, She bids me giue mine age for almes, wher first my youth was sold.-Gascoigne. The Diuorce of a Louer. Fresh herring plenty, Michell brings With fatted crones, and such old things.

Tusser. The Farmer's Daily Diet. "But stormes" (thought Battus) "haue their steps, Not long the croen can liue, Or if my kindness length her life,

My kindness God forgive."-Warner. Albion's England. |

In vain he sigh'd and oft with tears desir'd,
Some reasonable suit might be required,
But still the crone was constant to her note,
The more he spoke, the more she stretch'd her throat.
Dryden. The Wife of Bath's Tale.
The frugal crone, whom praying priests attend,
Still strives to save the hallow'd taper's end,
Collects her breath, as ebbing life retires,
For one puff more, and in that puff expires.
Pope. Moral Essays.

Two-fac'd Janus, God of time!
Be my Phoebus, while I rhyme;
To oblige your crony Swift,
Bring our dame a new-year's gift.

Swift. To Janus on New-Year's Day.

CROOK, v. Dut. Krook; Ger. Kruycke; CROOK, n. Fr. Croc. The family of this CROOKED, adj. word, says Wachter, is in CROOKEDLY. the possession of the Swedes, CROO'KEDNESS. with whom Krokia, is to CROO'KEN, v. curve, bow or bend,-krock, bowed; and krykia, a pastoral staff, and a staff for stooping old men, (i. e. a crutch.)

To bend or bow, to turn out of a straight line. to twist, thwart, warp or writhe out of the direct course. (Met.) crooked, is

Perverse, obstinate, self-willed, bad-tempered, ill-natured.

Saint Augustine greatly alloweth Marcus Varro, affirming that religion is most pure without images, and sayth himselfe, images be of more force to crooken an unhappy soule, then to teach and instruct it.

Homilies. The Second Part of Sermon against Idolatry. But the wickednesse of his wil and crokednesse or froward.

nesse wherewith hee sleath vnrighteously, to auege him selfe & to satisfie his own lustes & the cause why he knoweth not the lawe of God and consenteth not to it, whiche law should have informed his wil, and corrected the crokednesse thereof, and haue taught him to vse his will & and his power right, is his blindnesses fault onely and not God's.

Tyndall. Workes, p. 301. For the life of the body is full of desires, and presages of satisfaction in obtaining of this or the other external thing, whether it be in honour, riches, or pleasure; and if they shake off the divine guide within them, they will have it by hook or by crook.-More. Defence of Moral Cabbala, c. 3. Hee is the now court-god, and well applyed With sacrifice of knees, of crooks, and cringe.

B. Jonson. Sejanus, Acti.

His minde is peruerse, cam, and crooked, not when it bendeth itselfe vnto any of these things, but when it bendeth so, that it swarueth either to the right hand or to the left, by excesse or defect from that exact rule whereby human actions are measured.-Hooker. Ser. Of the Nature of Pride.

On which horrid prise Vlisses first charg'd; whom, aboue the knee The sauage strooke, and rac't it crookedly Along the skin, yet neuer reacht the bone. Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. xix. My will hath been used to crookedness and peevish marosity in all vertuous employments, but greedy and fierce it the election and prosecution of evil actions and designs. Bp. Taylor. On Repentance, c. 5. s. 6 There is but little labour of the muscles required, only enough for bowing or crooking the tail.

Derham. Physico-Theology, b. v. c. 11. Note.

This daughter that I tell you of, is fall'n
A little crop sick, with the dangerous surfeit,
She took of your affection.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Woman's Prize, Act iv. sc. 1. Every visitant is become a physician; one that scarce knew any but crop-sickness, cryeth, No such apothecary's shop as the sack-shop.

CROP, v.

CROP, n.

Whitelock. Manners of the English, p. 126. Strange odds! where crop-sick drunkards must engage A hungry foe, and arm'd with sober rage. Dryden. Juvenal, Sat. 15.

CRO'PPING, n. mow, bite, pluck off. And thus, crop is,That which is cut, sheared, mown, bitten (ript) or plucked off. And thus, further

That which rises or springs up on the surface; the summit, tip, or top. A. S. Croppas, tops or crops of herbs, the eares of corn, (Somner.)

To crop is also used for-to sow or plant, (sc.) for future cropping.

Dut. Krappen, decerpere, abscindere, præsertim racemos, hate reared them so une if he had locked for the ty Thor

And conscience his crocer. Piers Plouhman, p. 81. And thus this foolish iest, I put in dogrell rime, Because a crosier staff is best for such a crooked time. Gascoigne. Flowers. And in 15 degrees we did rear the crossiers, and we might sooner we They are not right a crosse in the moneth of November, by reason sight of them the 29th day of the said moneth at night. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 15.

Gower. Con. A. Prologue.

When rich-hair'd Ceres pleas'd to giue the reines
To her affections; and the grace did yeeld
Of loue and bed amidst a three-cropt field,
To her Jasion. Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. v.

For all the common people were so sore indebted to the rich, that either they ploughed their lands, and yielded them the sixth part of their crop, (for which cause they were called Hectemorii and servants,) or else they borrowed money of them at usury, upon gage of their bodies to serve it out.-North. Plutarch, p. 71.

The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day,
Had he thy reason, would he skip and play?
Pleas'd to the last, he crops the flowery food,
And licks the hand just rais'd to shed his blood.
Pope. Essay on Man, Ep. 1.

Canute in all haste falling back to Sandwich, took the hostages given to his father, from all parts of England, and with slit noses, ears cropt, and hands chop'd off, setting them ashore, departed into Denmark.

Millon. History of England, b. vi.

The fountain, which from Helicon proceeds, That sacred stream, should never water weeds, Nor make the crop of thorns and thistles grow, Which envy or perverted nature sow.

Waller. Upon Roscommon's Translation of Horace.

The fruits of the earth are the gift of God, and we pray for them as such; but yet we plant, and we sow, and we plow, for all that; and the hands, which are sometimes lift up in prayer, must at other times be put to the plow, or the husbandman must expect no crop.-South, vol. vi. Ser. 10.

Though he cring'd to his deanship in very low strains,
To others he boasted of knocking out brains,
And slitting of noses, and cropping of ears,
While his own ass's rags were more fit for the shears.
Swift. The Yahoos Overthrow.
Shall fields be till'd with annual care,
And minds lie fallow ev'ry year?
O, since the crop depends on you,
Give them the culture which is due :
Hoe every weed, and dress the soil,

So harvest shall repay your toil.-Cotton. Pleasure, Vis. 2.

Barb. Lat. Crocia; Fr. Crosse ; CRO'SIER, n. an episcopal staff; from croix, a cross, of which it has the image upon the top. It is applied by Holinshed to the cross-bearer; by Hackluyt, to certain stars called crossiers or cross-starres.

He did imbarre the primate from hauing his crosse borne before him within the prouince of Leinster, which was contrarie to the canon law, that admitteth the crosier to beare the crosse before his archbishop in another province. Holinshed. Description of Ireland, an. 1311. To gain by love, where rage and slaughter fail, And make the crosier o'er the sword prevail.

Tickell. On the Prospect of Peace.

Id. Weedes. Upon the Fruite of Fetters. plying, peevish, fretful.

The noun, Fr. Croix; It. Croce; Sp. Cruz. To cross, (Sp. Cruzar; Fr. Croiser,) to sign or mark with a cross; to set cross-wise; to lay overthwart, or one orecross another: also to cut or divide in form of a cross, like X; also to cancel or cross in writing, (Cotgrave.)

To pass over, so that the line of passage may form with the line passed, the figure of, or resembling a cross; to move in such direction in relation to another moving body; and thus, to contravene, to hinder, to embarrass, to obstruct, to impede, to thwart, to counteract.

CROSS, v. CROSS, n. CROSS, adj. CROSS, prep. CROSSING, n. CRO'SLET.

CRO'SSLY.
CRO'SSNESS.

And cross, the adjective, (met.) is thwarting, counteracting, (sc.) the wishes of others; and thus, perverse, ill-humoured, ill-tempered, uncom

Cross-let, in Chaucer, is a crucible cross-shaped. And see CRUCIBLE.

Cross is much used in composition.

Robert duc of Normandye the croys nome atten ende; And garked hym wyth othere to the holy londe to wende. R. Gloucester, p. 346. He hadde an holy dogter at Colchestre in this londe, That Seynt Helene was yclepud, that tho holy croys fonde. Id. p. 82.

Tuo of the nayles, that war thorh Jhesu fete Traced on the croyce, the blode thei out lete, & som of the thornes that don were on his heued & a fair pece that of the croyce leued.-R. Brunne, p. 30. And kulled [killed] him on crosswyse. to Calvarye on a Friday. Piers Plouhman, p. 373.

To make a good, a wise, and a virtuous man, 'tis fit he should learn to cross his appetite, and deny his inclination to riches, finery, or pleasing his palate, &c. whenever his reason advises the contrary, and his duty requires it.

Locke. On Education, s. 52. Every man carrying a sabre by his side, a short pole-axe before him, and a skrewed gun hanging at his back by a leather belt that went cross his shoulder.

Sir Wm. Temple to Sir J. Temple, May, 1666

The loxia or cross-bill, whose bill is thick and strong, with the tips crossing one another, with great readiness breaks open fir-cones, apples, and other fruit to come at their kernels, which are its food, as if the crossing of the bill was for this service.-Derham. Phys.-Theol. b. iv. c. 11.

But Russel was provoked by some letters and orders, that the Earl of Nottingham sent him from the Queen, which he thought were the effects of ignorance; and upon that he fell into a crossness of disposition.-Burnet. Own Time, an. 1692.

He [Lord Chatham] made an administration so checkered and speckled; he put together a piece of joinery, so crossly indented and whimsically dove-tailed.

Burke. Speech on American Taxation.

};

CROTCH, n. A Crotchet, for a humour or CRO'TCHET, V. extravagant fancy from the CRO/TCHET, n. Fr. Peindre à la crotesque or grotesque; to paint in a strange, ridiculous, rude, and inartificial manner. An elegant metaphor, Skinner adds, derived from the art of painting; for absurd fancies or ideas are very similar to absurd and foolish forms of things. It is more probably the diminutive of crotch: Fr. Crochet, croc, a hook, (see CROOK,) applied to

Any short turn, sudden quirk.

Crotchet is applied by Dryden to the crooked props of a cottage; furcas subiere columnæ. See also the usage from Boyle's Works.

But, before I leave the reader, I must give him this single advertisement, that the passages included within the paratheses or crochets, as the press styles them, that is, between any two such marks as these [] were inserted long since the writing of these essays.

Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 3. The Publisher to the Reader. A stately temple shoots within the skies: The crotchets of their cot in columns rise.

Dryden. Ovid. Met. Baucis & Philemon. But airy whims and crotchets lead To certain loss, and ne'er succeed: As folks though inly vex'd and teas'd Will oft seem satisfy'd and pleas'd.

Wilkie. The Ape, the Parrot, and the Jackdaw.

CROUP, n. Croupe, crouper or crupper. "Fr. Croupe; the top or knop of a bill; also the rump or crupper piece," (Cotgrave.) See CROP. This carter thakketh his hors upon the croupe. Chaucer. The Freres Tale, v. 7141. A male tweifold on his croper lay, It seemed that he caried litel array, Al light for sommer rode this worthy man.

Id. The Chanones Yemannes Prologue, v. 16,034. Him at the first encounter downe he smote, And ouer bore beyond his crouper quight, And after him another knight, that hote Sir Brianor, so sore, that none him life behote. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 4. But now it brake and both gaue strokes so sound, As made both horses cruppers kisse the ground. Harrington. Orlando, b. xlvi. s. 100. Elder Lo. Thou hast but one, and that's in thy left crupper, that makes thee hobble so.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Scornful Lady, Act iv. sc. 1. But Ralpho (who had now begun T'adventure resurrection, From heavy squelch, and had got up Upon his legs with sprained crup.)-Hudibras, pt. i. c. 1.

CROUSE. Dr. Jamieson says, is brisk, lively; bold, apparently brave. He considers the word to have descended from Dut. Kroes; Ger. Kraus; Sw. G. Krus, krusig, signifying-Crisp, curled, frizzled. The primary allusion, he adds, seems to be to a cock, who is said to be crouse, when he bristles up his feathers, so as to make them appear as if curled. The A. S. Ge-hreos-an, irruere, to rush on, seems to present a more simple etymology by the common process of corruption-Ge- or cereose, creos, crose, or crouse.

The king's foole is wont to cry loud
Wha yt he thinketh a woman bereth her hie
So long mote ye liue, and all proud
Til crowes-fete grow vnder your eie
And send you then a mirrour in to prie.

Chaucer. Troilus, b. ii. There is no cocke to crowe daie.-Gower. Con. A. b. iv. There were deuised certeine instrumentes wherewyth they myght pull downe the workes yt their enemyes made, called Harpagons, and also crowes of iron called Corvi. Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 54.

If one of them happen to be conqueror, presently upon victorie hee croweth, and himselfe soundeth the triumph. Hee that is beaten, makes no words, nor croweth at all, but hideth his head in silence.-Holland. Plinie, b. x. e. 21.

I saw myselfe a crow belonging to a certaine knight of Rome, who brought him out of the realme of Grenado in Spayne, which was a very strange and admirable bird, net onely for the exceeding black colour of his feathers, but also for that he could pronounce and expresse so perfectly many words and sentences together, and learned still new lessons every day more than other.-Id. Ib. b. x. c. 43.

This good champion [St. Peter] of our Saviour, as a lyon that is reported to be daunted with the crowing of a cock, is stricken out of countenance and quite amazed with the voyce of a silly damsel.-Hales. Rem. Ser. St. Peter's Fall. We will be with you ere the crowing cock Salutes the light, and struts before his feather'd flock. Dryden. The Epithalamium of Helen & Menelaus. In the tragedy of Hamlet, where the ghost vanishes upon the cock's crowing, he takes occasion to mention its crowing all hours of the night about Christmas time, and to insinuate a kind of religious veneration for that season.

Tatler, No. 111. Shrill crows the cock, the dogs give dismal yell; And with the whirlwind's roar full comes the swell. Mickle. Almada Hill, CROWD, v. "A. S. Cruth; turba confer CROWD, n. tissima. A crowd, a prease or CRO/WDING, n. throng of people," (Somner.) Dut. Kruyden, to thrust.

To thrust or press together, to flock or swarm together.

Croud, in the second quotation from Chaucer, is explained by Mr. Tyrwhitt,-to shove together. But Skinner translates the line;-qui diurno sono perpetuo Citharam pulsas. See CROWD, following. or pressed together. A crowd, is a collection, a many of persons, close See CREW. But in the same ship as he hire fond,

Hire and hire yonge sone, and all hire gere He shulde put, and croude hire fro the lond And charge hire, that she never eft come there. Chaucer. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 5221. O firste moving cruel firmament, With thy diurnal swegh that croudest ay. And hurtlest all from est til occident, That naturally wold hold another way; Thy crouding set the heven in swiche array At the beginning of this fierce viage,

That cruel Mars hath slain this marriage.-Id. Ib. v. 4716.

Some of ys conselers hym gonne thus bi se,

That he schulde nyme ys neuew, that hatte Conan, And crowne hym kyng of this lond.-R. Gloucester, p. 89. Tho was thoru the kyng arerde the abbey of Redynge, In tuo & tuenty the ger of hys crounyng.-Id. p. 440. The duke wrote to the kyng, in luf withouten loth, Bisout him ouer alle thing, that he wild hold his oth, & gelde him the coroun of Inglond ilke adele. R. Brunne, p. 69. For he that fightith in a battel schal not be crowned but he fighte lawfulli.-Wiclif. 2 Epist. of Tymothy, c. 2.

I that in Dauides seate sit crowned, and rejoice,
That with my septer rule the Jewes and teach them with
my voyce,

Have searchid long to know all things vnder the soune,
To see how in this mortal lyef a surety might be wonne.
Surrey. Ecclesiastes, c. 1.
Yea though he gaine and cram his purse with crounes,
And herewith scape the foemen's force in fielde,
He nought foreseeth that treasons dwell in towns,
Ne what mishappes his yll got goods may yeeld.
Gascoigne. The Fruites of Warre.
Disdaine him not: for shal I tel you what?
Such clime to heauen, before the shauen crownes.
But how? forsooth, with true humilytie.

Id. The Steele Glas. We haue been so inured with the like & so manie, that such wille practices cannot be to vs inuisible, though this crowne-shorne generation thinke themselves to danse in a net.-Fox. Martyrs, p. 132.

Himself with garland freshe, and crownet greene of oliue

bandes, Aduancing stood in ship.-Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b.v.

I likewise must have power to crown my works with wished end;

Because I am a Deitie, and did from thence descend, Whence thou thyself.-Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. iv.

Sometimes a lovely boy in Dian's shape, With air that gilds the water as it glides, Crownets of pearl about his naked arms And in his sportful hands an olive-tree, Shall bathe him in a spring.

Marlow. Edw. II. Act i. sc. 1.

Secondly, our popish parliaments, peirs and prelates, have oft translated the crown from the right heirs, and setled it on others, who had no lawful right or title to it, electing and acknowledging them for their onely soveraigne lords, in which actions the popish prelates and clergy were commonly the ringleaders: witnesse their electing and crowning of Edward who was illegitimate, and putting by Etherald the right heire after Edgar's decease, Anno 975.

Prynne. Treachery and Disloyalty of Papists, pt. i. p. 9.

Our excellent Edgar for increase of his benefits towards the isle, join'd with preservation of his crown-duties, converted the tribute of the Welch into three hundred wolves a

yeare.—Selden. Illust. of Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 9.

The king, well perceiuing, how vnable he should be eyther to recouer those his trans-marine dominions, or almost to maintaine his owne royall estate at home, if such, as by the vnrulynes of former times hauing gotten possession of crown-lands, might still with-hold them, resolued to resume them.-Speed. Hen. III. b. ix. c. 9. s. 16. an. 1224.

To whom, from her, the crowne-right of Lancastrians did accrewe.

Warner. Albion's England, b. vii. c. 34. Whom God has placed upon the throne, shall any human power presume to drag to the bar? or shall royal heads be crowned and annoynted only to prepare them to be sacrificed

upon a scaffold?-South, vol. iii. Ser. 12.

From hence he does that antique pile behold,
Where royal heads receive the sacred gold:
It gives them crowns, and does their ashes keep,
There made like Gods, like mortals there they sleep.
Waller. On St. James's Park.

An ounce of silver, whether in pence, groats, or crown pieces, stivers, or ducatoons, or in bullion, is and always eternally will be of equal value to any other ounce of silver, under what stamp or denomination soever.

Locke. Considerations of the lowering of Interest, &c. And orders ten porters to bring the dull reams On the death of good Charles, and crowning of James. Stepney. On burning the Duke of Monmouth's Picture, 1685. Whence dwells such syren music in a word, Or sounds not Brutus noble as my lord? Though crownets, Pult'ney, blazon on thy plate, Adds the base mark one scruple to its weight? P. Whitehead. Honour. The Niobe of nations! there she [Rome] stands, Childless and crownless, in her voiceless woe; An empty urn within her wither'd hands, Whose holy dust was scatter'd long ago.

Ld. Byron. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, c. 4. s. 79.

CRUCIATE, v. Fr. Crucier; It. Cruciare; CRUCIATE, adj. Lat. Cruciare, atum CRUCIATION. To torture, to inflict CRUCIAL, adj. severe or excessive pains; as if transfixed upon a cross, (qv.) Crucial,-crossing, transverse.

I perceyne thy manyfolde tribulacyons, how thou art outwardlye afflicted by continuall persecution of enemies, and inwardly cruciated in conscience to behold the danable errours, frowardnes, blindnes, and vtter contempte of God's trueth, which reygneth in the wycked.-Bale. İmage, pt. i.

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Thei shal be smyten downe with swerde and fyre, and some cruciated in captiuitie.-Joye. Expos. of Dan. c. 11. Immediately I was so cruciate, that I desired, & in all that I mought prouoked deth to take me.

Sir T. Elyot. Governovr, b. ii. c. 12. Thus thinking like a foole with myselfe, whie God of his goodnesse would suffer his children and seruants so vehementlye to be cruciated and afflicted.

Fox. Martyrs. The ten first Persecutions, p. 90. Since we know we have to do with a God that delights more in the prosperity of his saints, than in the cruciation, and howling of his enemies.

· Bp. Hall. The Soul's Farewell to Earth, s. 7.

Whoever has seen the practice of the crucial incision must be sensible of the false reasoning used in its favour. Sharpe. Surgery. CRUCIBLE, n. Bar. Lat. Crucibulum; It. Crosolo; "Fr. Croiset; a cruit, crucible or little pot, such as goldsmiths melt their gold in," (Cotgrave.) So called from being made in the shape of a cross, or from having a cross impressed upon it. See Crucibulum, in Du Cange. Chaucer uses Crosslet, (qv.) and see the quotation from Golden Boke.

The emperour had bore before hym, a brennynge brande : The consulle an axe of armes, the priestis haue in maner of a coyfe; the senatours a tongue in maner of a crusible on their armes.-Golden Boke, c. 2.

What person of sobriety and recollection would not crucify his sin rather than damn his soul.-South, vol. viii. Ser. 6. The sight of Christ in glory, with his saints, will, in an inexpressible manner, torment the crucifiers of the one and the persecutors of the others; as it will shew them the hopes and wishes of their adversaries all granted to the full, and all their own "desires" and designs for ever at an end. Bp. Horne. Commentary on Ps. 112.

The Earl of Kent observing that in her devotions she made frequent use of the crucifix, could not forbear reproving her for her attachment to the popish trumpery as he termed it.-Hume. Hist. of England. Elizabeth, an. 1587.

CRUD.

See CURD.

CRUDE.

Fr Crud; It. and Sp. Crudo ; CRU'DELY. Lat. Crudus; (adhuc in cruore,) CRUDENESS. from cruor, gore, i. e. blood, CRUDITY. cooled, congealed, from Gr. Κρυος; κρυερος, cold.

Raw, in a raw state, undressed, unprepared, unfinished, indigested; austere, harsh, unripe, im

mature.

Wyne is not to be forboden, for vnto wyne vneth any thynge may be compared that so well dygesteth crude humours.-Sir T. Elyot. The Castel of Helth, b. iv.

Soone as the knight she there by her did spy,.
Standing with empty hands all weaponlesse,
With fresh assault vpon him she did flie,
And gan renew her former cruelnesse.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 5. About three hundred persons were condemned to the galleys and treated most cruelly in them, upon no other pretence, but because they would not change their religion, and had endeavoured to make their escape out of France. Burnet. Own Time, an. 1707. This man [Jefferies] who wantoned in cruelty, had already Cruditie is a vycious concoction of thynges receyued, they given a specimen of his character in many trials where he not beinge holly or perfitely altered.-Id. Ib. b. iv. presided; and he now set out with a savage joy, as to a full harvest of death and destruction. Hume. Hist. of England. James II. an. 1685.

The meate remaininge raw, it corrupteth digestion & maketh crudenes in the vaines.-Id. Ib. b. ii.

Whereby he [Virgil] would insinuate that there is an igneous, luminous, or thereal vehicle alwaies intimately adhering to the soul, though it be much slaked or damped with the gross and crude moisture of the body during this earthly peregrination. More. Def. of Philos. Cabbala, App. c. 7.

The strong-built pedant who both night and day
Feeds on the coarsest fare the schools bestow,
And crudely fattens at gross Burman's stall;
O'erwhelm'd with phlegm lies in a dropsy drown'd,
Or sinks in lethargy before his time.

Armstrong. The Art of Preserving Health, b. iv. May we not ask such prefacers, if what they allege be true, what has the world to do with them and their crudities. Harris. Hermes, Pref. CRUDELITY. Lat. Crudelitas; cruelty, (qv.)

Ye fathers abuse not your authoritie upon your children, nor provoke them so with cruelties, that they dispayre. Udal. Coloss, c. 3.

Wyat. The Louer complaineth Himselfe Forsaken.

An. 1320 there was a sect of whippers in Germany, that to the astonishment of the beholders, lashed, and cruelly tortured themselves.-Burton. Anat. of Melancholy, p. 655.

CRUENTATE, adj. Lat. Cruentatus, past part. of cruentare; from cruor, gore. Gory, bloody.

Your sentence, sweet or bitter, soft or sore,
Floats his frail bark, or runs it bump ashore,
Ye wits above, restrain your awful thunder:
In his first cruise, 'twere pity he should founder.
Smollett. Epilogue to the Reprisal.
While at the bow the watch Arion keeps,
To shun what cruisers wander o'er the deeps.
Falconer. Shipwreck, c. 3.
Ger. Krug; Fr. Cruche.
An earthen pot or pitcher.

CRUISE, n. CRU/ET. See CROCK.

You thinke it to be one of the chiefeste pointes of godlines

to wash your handes, your cuppes, your cruces, and to observe manye other lyke thynges.-Udal. Mark, c.7.

No brawler in his familie

nor angry for a crewse

Breakinge, no crafte of man, or place could him in ought abuse.

Drant. Horace. Epistle to Julius Florus. And Dauid toke the speare and the crewse of water that were at Saul's head, & they gat the away, and no man saw or wist it or awoke.-Bible. 1 Samuel, c. 26.

There were ready to be borne at festiuall tymes, basyns and sencers, gospellers, crewetes, holy water vessels, &c.Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 12.

Within thy reach I set the vinegar!
And fill'd the cruet with the acid tide,
While pepper water worms thy bait supplyd.

Gay. Lamentation of Glumdaclitch.
His hours of study clos'd at last,
And finish'd his concise repast,
Stoppled his cruise, replac'd his book
Within its customary nook.

Cowper. The Moralizer Corrected. "A. S. Crymman; friare, in micas frangere, to crumme, or crumble. Kiliano. Kruymelen," (Somner.) Dut. Kruyme. A small part or portion; a little bit; that part, (sc. of bread) which separates into crums; which crumbles.

CRUM, v.
CRUM, n.
CRUMBLE, V.
CRU'MMY.

Bere hem none cromes.-Piers Plouhman, p. 143.

And sche seide, yhis lord, for whelpis eten of the crumma that fallen down fro the boord of her lordis.

Wiclif. Matthew, c. 15. She aunswered and sayde: truth Lorde, neuerthelesse the dogges eate of the crommes, which fall frome their master's table.-Bible. 1551. Ib.

At the foot of this mountain, the vally is a great slimy ground, and so rotten, that it is not able to bear a man, but being trodden on, crummeth like white lime, and turneth to dust under his feet.-North. Plutarch, p. 493.

Thither came a she-wolf and gave them suck, and certain birds that brought little crums and put them in their mouthes, until a swine-heard perceiving them, and wonder ing at the sight, did boldly go to the children and took them away with him.-Id. Ib. p. 16.

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Nay God forbede, that in the frendshyppe of Gysippus and Titus shoulde happen any suspition; or that any fantasye shulde perce my hedde, wherby that honourable loue betwene vs shulde be the mountenaunce of a crumme, peryshed. # Sir T. Elyot. Governour, b. ii. c. 12.

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When I've my master's leave to stand
Cooing upon his friendly hand;
When I can be profusely fed
With crumbs of his ambrosial bread.

Cunningham. Anacreon. The Dott. Can despots compass aught that hails their sway? Or call with truth one span of earth their own, Save that wherein at last they crumble bone by bone. Lord Byron. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, c. 1.

Aym. We doubt the cause and will not disparage you so much as to take your lordship's quarrel in hand. Plague on him, how he has crumpled our bands.

Massinger. The Fatal Dowry, Activ. sc. 1.

It [aqua-vita] keepeth the sinues from shrinking, the veins from crumpling, the bones from aking, and the mar row from soaking.-Holinshed. Ireland, c. 2.