How many famous churches have been most unjustly thunderstruck with direful censures of excommunication, down to the pit of hell, upon pretence of this crime [heresy] which have been less guilty than their anathematizers! Bp. Hall. Cases of Conscience, Dec. 3. c. 5. Anathema signifies persons or things devoted to destruction and extermination. The Jewish nation were an anathema destined to destruction. St. Paul, to express his affection to them, says, he could wish, to save them from it, to become an anathema, and be destroyed himself. Locke. Paraphrase. Romans, c. 9. n. 3. If there be anatiferous trees, whose corruption breaks forth into bernacles, yet if they corrupt, they degenerate into maggots, which produce not them again. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 12. ANATOMIZE, v. ANATOMY. ANATOMIST. ANATOMICAL. Fr. Anatomiser; It. Anatomizzare; Sp. Anatomizar; Gr. Ανατομη, from Ανα-τεμνειν, (ανα, and Teμveiv, to cut.) ANATOMICK. ANATOMICALLY. To cut into parts or pieces, to dissect, to lay open or expose; to search into or investigate the separate parts. Anatomy in old writers is sometimes applied to a thing, anatomized or dissected, or having the appearance of being so; of being stripped of flesh. A skeleton. effect, and that this relation is either near or remote, direct or collateral.-Hume. On Hum. Underst. s. 4. The anatomist presents to the eye the most hideous and disagreeable objects, but his science is useful to the painter in delineating even a Venus or a Helen.- Id. Ib. s. 1. The anatomical observations formed upon one animal are, by this species of reasoning, [analogy,] extended to all animals.-Hume. On Hum. Underst. s. 9. ANCESTOR. Fr. Ancestres; It. AnteA'NCESTRY. cessore; Sp. Antecessor; Lat. A'NCESTRAL, or Antecessus, past part. of AnA'NCESTREL. tecedere, (Ante, before; and cedere, to go.) See ANTECEde. One who goes or comes before; in order of time; in order of birth or lineage:-one from whom any one descends. Jhesu was born here, and alle our first lynage, R. Brunne, p. 185. Loke thou lese no thing for thi fole erroure, Chaucer. The Reve's Tale, v. 3980. That Lords do lacke, their auncestors good wil, That knights consume their patrimonie still. Gascoigne. The Steele Glass The blood weepes from my heart, when I doe shape (In formes imaginarie) th' vnguided dayes, And rotten times, that you shall looke vpon, When I am sleeping with my ancestors. Shakespeare. 2 Part Hen. IV. Act iv. sc. 4. In thy great volume of eternitye; Begin, O Clio, and recount from hence My glorious Soveraines goodly auncestrye, Till that by dew degrees, and long protense. Thou have it lastly brought unto her Excellence. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 3. When we have done our ancestors no shame, But serv'd our friends, and well secur'd our fame; Then should we wish our happy life to close, And leave no more for Fortune to dispose. Dryden. Palamon & Arcite, b. iii. History is the great looking-glass thro' which we may behold with ancestral eyes, not only the various actions of ages past, and the odd accidents that attend time, but also discern the different humours of men, and feel the pulse of former times.-Howell, b. iv. Let. 11. Our ancestry, a gallant, Christian race, Couper. Table Talk. There is also another ancestrel writ, denominated a nuper obiit, to establish an equal division of the land in question, where on the death of an ancestor, who has several heirs, one enters, and holds the others out of possession. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iii. c. 10. He soon afterwards solicited the office of sheriff, from which all his neighbours were glad to be reprieved, but which he regarded as a resumption of ancestral claims, and a kind of restoration to blood after the attainder of a trade. Rambler, No. 192. Fr. Ancre; It. Ancora; Sp. Ancora; Lat. Ancora; Gr. Αγκυρα, which Vossius thinks is from Oyêη, a crook, or hook. A'NCHORED. To hook, or hold fast as a hook; to keep or hold fast, fixed, firm, steady, safe, secure. A'NCHOR, v. And fro the laste parti of the schip thei senten foure ancris, and desiriden that the dai hadde become. Wiclif. Dedis of Apostlis, c. 27. Then fearinge lest they should haue fallen on some rocke, they caste iiii ancres out of the sterne & wished for ye day. Bible, 1551. Ib. And that litterall sense is the roote and grounde of all. and the ancre that neuer fayleth wherunto if thou cleaue thou canst neuer erre or go out of the way. Tyndal. Workes, p. 166. All men might well disprayse My wit and enterprise, If I sought to saile, In the brittle port, Where anker-bold doth faile, Te such as do resor-Surrey. The Louer excuseth, &c. Our daght red friends, the tackles: what of these? If modern learning be compared with ancient, a parallel between both, which has hitherto produced only vain dispute, may contribute to amusement, perhaps to instruction. Goldsmith. On Polite Learning. ANCIENT, n. Corrupted from ensign, (Skinner.) Ancient, in war, Enseigne-bearer, (Junius.) Shakespeare. 3 Part Hen. VI. Act v. sc. 4. Lat. Insiune; It. Insegna; Fr. Enseigne. Ensign. It is appired both to The sign or ensign, and to the bearer of it; also, to Why is not Oxford here, another anchor? And Somerset another goodly mast? Loe as the bark that hath discharg'd his fraught, From whence at first she weigh'd her anchorage: Shakespeare. Titus Andronicus, Act i. sc. 2. For sage wysdoms sake and for the vse of thynges, and Skelton. On the Dolorous Death, &c. Herable audience, all that here be present, eyther brethren, by trade of our cuntrey religion, eyther els by reason of ouseientnes and authoritie, fathers, geue eare to me my defence of innocencye, as ye haue done to myne sars paciently.-Udal. Actes, c. 7. Then by the rule that made the horse tail bare, Prideaux. Connections, pt. i. b. v. Pope. b. ii. Ep. of Horace. The bearer of the military (insignia) decorations, or distinguishing ornaments of his commander. In the meane season, they which were besieged [in Calais] O treasorere of bounty to mankind, Chaucer, A. B. C. For, as it is beneath the dignity of the king's courts to be ancillary to other inferior jurisdictions, the cause, when once brought there, receives there also its full determination. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iii. c. 7. AND. Skinner knows not whether from the Lat. Addere (qd.) Add, by the insertion of n, as in render. Lye supposes it to be the Greek ert: Tooke, that it is the imperative An-ad of the verb, Anan-ad, dare congeriem. It would be more correct to say that And is composed of An, the imperative of An-an, to give or grant; and the N. Ad, congeries, a heap: thus An-ad, An'd, and; and that it always means Add, or grant, give this to that, &c. Is not this And the participle termination Ande An is used by R. Gloucester, and other writers, He nome wyth hym of Engelond god knygt monyon, R. Gloucester, p. 319. At Seyn Swythynes he was ybured, there as he lyth gut. Me reweth sore I am unto hire teyde; Chaucer. The Squieres Prologue, v. 10,307. Id. The Second Nonnes Tale, v. 15,614. Maister Masker goeth as wylily to woorke to take me, as a man myglite send a child about with salt in his hand, and bidde him goe catch a byrde, by laying a little salte on her tayle, and when the byrde is flowen, coumfort hym then to goe catche another, and tell hym he hadde caughte that and it had tarried a little.-Id. p. 1108. 61 And, in the beginning of a sentence, serveth instead of an B. Jonson. English Grammar. Beaum. & Fletch. Mons. Thomas, Act ii. sc. 2. A'NDABATISM. Gr. Avdaßarns; Lat. Andabata, Ascensor, from Avaßair-ev, to ascend. See the quotation from Kennett. The Andabata or Avdaßarai, fought on horseback, with a sort of helmet that covered all the face and eyes; and therefore Andabatarum more pugnare, is to combat blindfold.-Kennett. Roman Antiq. pt. ii. b. v. ANE AR. ON NEAR. Bp. Alterbury, Let. 50. a, not, ex, from, and doros (from didwu,) given. Any little story, or incident of private life-told Some modern anecdotes aver He nodded in his elbow chair.-Prior. Hans Carvel. " the hare representation of a tragedy, which related the misfortunes of Hecuba and Andromache, he was so touched with the fictitious distress which the poet had wrought up in it, that he burst out into a flood of tears.-Sterne, Ser. 5. If you have any thing worth communicating, in return, I hope you will not refuse the trouble of giving me the intelligence; not only as we are all of us rationally fond, you know, of news, but because interesting anecdotes afford examples which may be of use in respect to our own conduct.-Melmoth. Pliny. Letters, b. viii. Let. 18. For no man may receaue the body of Christ, no mã may marry, no man may be oyled or aneiled as they call it, no man may receaue orders, except he be fyrst shriuen. Tyndall. Workes, p. 157. Yong folkes to bewrie ANE/LE, ANEILE, or ANOYL. A. S. On-elan. And false lesinges on hem lie.-Chaucer. R. of the Rose. To oil, to rub, or anoint with oil. He that will enter in at this gate, must be made a new: Applied by old theological writers particularly his head will els be to great, he must be vntaught all that to the extreme unction. he hath learned, to be made lesse for to enter in. Tyndall. Workes, p. 241. Plato (for ought I can perceive) differs not much from this opinion, that it [the Soule] was from God and knew all, but being inclosed in the body, it forgets, and learnes anew, which he calls reminiscentia or recalling. Burton. Anat. of Mel. p. 26. Last of all commeth the anoyling wythout promise, and therefore without the spirite and without proiet, but altogether vnfruitfull and superstitious.-Id. p. 153. A flower began to rear its purple head: Eusden. Orid. Met. b. x. The Lat. Apud (the Gr. Пapu) is rendered by Wielif, Anentis. A tergo, by Phaer, Anenst our backs. Anenst, in ANE YNTIS. the Pardonere and Tapstere, seems to signify, Concerning. Anen, and Ancyntes, in Maundeville, Against, opposite to. A. S. Nean, near, is the etymology proposed by Skinner; and A. S. Ongean, ex adverso, is preferred by Dr. Jamieson, who, under Fore-anent, cites from Luke viii. 26. Foran ongean, over against, Galilee. But an etymology, which will satisfactorily account for the various applications of these words, is still to be sought. Stowe writes foreaneust. ANEN, prep. ANENT. And Jhesus biheld hem and seyde anentis men it is impossible. but not anentis God for alle thingis ben possible anentis God.-Wiclif. Mark, c. 10. Therfor anenst their estatis I wol in no manere Let no man rise behind, make all things sure anenst our backs, I lead thee through this lane, and wide, and waste, put all to wracks.-Phaer. Eneidos, b. ix. And anen that Vale of Josaphathe, out of the Cytee, is the Chirche of seynt Stevene, where he was stoned to Dethe. Sir John Maundeville, p. 96. But I trowe, that 100000 men of Armes myghte not passen tho Desertes safly, for the gret multytude of wylde Bestes, and of grete Dragouns, and of grete Serpentes, that there ben, that slen and devouren alle that comen aneyntes hem. Id. p. 362. Sub. He shall have a bel, that's Abel; In a rug gown, there's D, and Rug, that's drug; The eyght of February [1522], the Lord Dacres Warden of the marches, fore-aneust Scotland entred into Scotland, with fiue hundred men, by the kinges commandement. Slow. Chronicles, Hen. VIII. See NEW. And foreaneust the place where the commissaries court is kept within the said church, [St. Paul's] was ordeined a standing like vnto a mountaine, we steps on euery side. Slow. Chronicles. Hen. VII. an. 17. ANE W. Of new. His falsnesse is not now a new For Wicked tong hath custome aie Oh speake againe bright angell, for thou art Shakespeare. Romeo & Juliet, Act ii. sc. 2. Man he made, and for him built, Magnificent this world, and earth his seat, Him lord pronounc'd; and, O indignity! Subjected to his service angel-wings, And flaming ministers to watch and tend Their earthly charge. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. ix. When thou, attended gloriously from heaven, Shalt in the sky appear, and from thee send The summoning arch-angels to proclaim Thy dread tribunal: forthwith from all winds The living, and forthwith the cited dead Of all past ages, to the general doom Shall hasten. Id. b. iii. Angelical actions may be reduced unto these three general kinds: first, most delectable love; secondly, adoration; thirdly, imitation.-Hooker. Eccles. Politie, b. i. § 4. The ancient Hebrews (as we learn from Nachmonides) styled it [the Resurrection-body] the angelical clothing of the soul, and Tertullian himself, angelificatum carnem, angelified flesh.-Cudworth. Intell. System, p. 797. That there are such beings in the regions above us, as we call angels; i. e. certain permanent substances, invisible, and imperceptible to our senses, endowed with understanding and power, superior to that of human nature, created by and subject to God the Supreme Being, and ministering to divine providence in the government of the world, and therein especially of the affairs of men, is most certain from the Holy Scriptures. The very heathen philosophers confessed the existence of angels, although they called them by other names, as demons, genius's, or the like. Bull, vol. i. Ser. 11. There frequent, at the visionary hour, A'NGRY. Perhaps (says Skinner) from the A. S. Ange, vexed, troubled; and this Ange, as well as the Gr. Ayxew, and the Lat. Angere, Wachter derives from the German Eng, arctus, constrictus. The A. S. Ange, or Enge, appears to mean, Angustia, straitness. Ang-breost is interpreted by Somner, a contraction or straitness of the breast, q. d. confined, straitened in the breast. Angaria, in the MidLatin, was used (Du Cange) for any vexation, trouble, distress, or anxiety of mind. So Anger, in our old writers, was applied to Any vexation, or distress, or uneasiness of mind or body; though now (used of the mind) commonly (but not always) restricted to Those sensations (sc. of vexation, &c.) when caused by the conduct of another, and accompanied by a desire to retaliate or punish (See IRE, and the quotation from Tillotson); and may thus be distinguished from anguish and anxiety. Applied to the body, it still retains the ancient usage. an ancient Hymn to the Virgin in MS. Warton cites "Heyl. innocent of angerness,” (vol. i. p. 315.) From Wenne ich ne may have the maistre, suche melancholie ich take that ich catche the crampe. the cardiacle som tyme. other an ague in suche an angre.-Piers Plouhman, p. 91. Now swete sir, is it your ease Him for to anger or disease Alas, what may it you auaunce To doen to him so great greuaunce. Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose. She saied, Daunger great wrong ye doe It is to you great villanie. Id. Ib. They have their several sounds and notes of expression, whereby they can signify their dislike and anger; but only en clothe his angry thoughts with words of offence; is that faculty, which was given him for an advantage, depraved to a further mischief.-Bp. Hall. Balm of Gil. Nay heare me Hubert, driue these men away, And I will sit as quiet as a lambe. Il not stirre, nor winch, nor speake a word, Ner looke upon the iron angerly. Shakespeare. K. John, Act iv. sc. 1. Then having given express command that none It ager'd Turenne, once upon a day, And begged he'd take the pains to kick the rest. Anger is a shert fit of madness, and [he] that is passionate finous deprives himself of his reason, spoils his understarting and helps to make himself a fool; whereas he the maquers his passions and keeps them under, doth Cereby preserve and improve his understanding. Tillotson. Works, vol. i. Ser. 4. But when his foe lies prostrate on the plain, He stenths his paws, uncurls his angry mane, Ani pleased with bloodless honours of the day, Walks over and disdains th' inglorious prey. Dryden. Hind and Panther. Asary is the strong passion or emotion, impressed or 4, ty a sense of injury received, or in contemplation; te by the idea of something of a pernicious nature and Indency, being done or intended, in violation of some suppues et igation to a contrary conduct. Cogan. On the Passions, vol. i. p. ANGLE, v. D. and Ger. Anghel, Hangel; A. S. Angel; Hamus, an hook, ANGLER. (Somner.) Wachter prefers A'NGLING, R. the Ger. Anken, figere, to fix, tapieree. Skinner inclines to the verb, To Hang. And Minshew to the D. Anghel, or Hanghel, from Hrachen, to hang. To Angle then will meanTo hang out (sc.) a bait, allurement, snare, enement; and, consequentially, to allure, Lare, to entice, to delude. to B. Jonson writes Enghle, and applies the noun to one who has been, or may be allured, ensnared, enticed, deluded. Shakespeare uses Angle, in the some manner. 113. It seemeth he hath to louers enmite Ceased therewith.-Chaucer. The Com. of Mars & Venus. And I founde, that a woma is bytterer the death: for she 3 & very angie, her herte is a nett, & her handes are cheynes. Bible, 1539. The Preacher, c. 7. And this is the most heauy fruit of yt pleasure yt is dete in cutward appearaunce, & promising swete geare, Iste not what, while it hideth vnder the baite of pleasure, the very angling hoke of death.-Udal. James. Biox. Oh master, master, I haue watcht so long, Shakespeare. Tam. of the Shrew, Act iv. sc. 5. 3 Child. I would speak with your author, where is he? What shall I have my son a stager now? an engle for players? a gull, a rook, a shot clog, to make suppers, and be laughed at? Publius, I will set thee on the funeral pile first. Id. Poelaster, Act i. sc. 1. Cris. I'll presently go and enghle some broker for a poet's gown, and bespeak a garland and then, jeweller, look to your best jewel, i'faith.-Id. Ib. Act ii. sc. I. Polycrates Samius, that flung his ring into the sea, because he would participate of discontent with others, and had it miraculously restored to him again shortly after, by a fish taken as he angled, was not free from melancholy dispositions. Burton. Anat. of Melancholy, p. 12. Cre. Perchance, my lord, I show more craft than loue, Shakespeare. Troil. & Cres. Act iii. sc. 2. Id. Ant. & Cleo. Act ii. sc. 5. Seest thou the wary angler trayle along He that reads Plutarch, shall find, that angling was not contemptible in the days of Mark Antony and Cleopatra, and that they, in the midst of their wonderful glory, used angling as a principal recreation.-Wallon. Angler, pt. i. c.1. The ladies, angling in the crystal lake, Pope. Vertumnus & Pomona. ANGLE, n. A'NGULARLY. A corner: Geom. the inclination or opening of two lines, having different directions, and As for the figure of crystal, it is for the most part hexagonal or six cornered; being built upon a confused matter, from whence, as it were, from a root, angular figures arise. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 1. Topazes, amethysts, or emeralds, which grow in the fissures, are ordinarily crystallized, or shot into angulated figures; whereas, in the strata, they are found in rude lumps, like yellow, purple, and green pebbles.-Woodward. Nor doth the frog, though stretched out, or swimming, attain the rectitude of man, or carry its thigh without all angularly.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 1. The anti-face to this is your lawyer's face, a contracted, sublime, and intricate face, full of quirks and turnings, a labyrinthean face, now angularly, now every way aspected. B. Jonson, Cynthia's Revels. If it be pretended that the parts of solid bodies are held together by hooks, and angulous involutions; I say, this! comes not home: for the coherence of the parts of these hooks will be of as difficult a conception. Glanvill. Vanity of Dogmatizing, c. 5. Applied generally to Any great distress, or excessive pain of body: to excessive vexation, trouble, distress of mind, for affliction already befallen: and may; thus be distinguished from Anxiety (qv.) Another answerd, and said, it might wel be Of angles, and of slie reflections; Who shall seperate vs from ye loue of God? shall tribulacyon? or anguysshe? or persecucyon? other honger? ether Chaucer. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,544. nakednesse? ether parell? ether swearde?-Bible, 1539. Ib. Wiclif. 2 Corynth. c. 6. If, as Peter Nonius will have it, the aire be so angust, what proportion is there betwixt the other three elements and it? To what use serves it?-Burton. Anat. of Mel. p.250. See HANG. ANHANG, v. To hang. And right anon, the ministers of the toun Chaucer. The Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 15,068. Ellis. Romances, vol. ii. Guy of Warwick. ANIENT, v. Fr. Anéantir, to annihilate, ANIENTISE. from Neant, nothing. And Neant, It. Niente, is thus traced by Menage, in his Dict. Etymologique. Nihil, nihilare, nihilans, nihilantis, nihilante, nihante, niente. In his Origini della Lingua Italiana, he offers other conjectures. In the Mid. Latin, Nihilare, and various derivatives, were in common use. See them in Du Cange. Mr. Tyrwhitt says Reduced to nothing. That wikkidliche. and wilfulliche. wolde mercy anyente. Piers Plouhman, p. 335. And eke ye han erred, for ye han brought with you to youre conseil ire, coveitise, and hastifnesse, the which three thinges ben contrary to every conseil honest and profitable: the which three thinges ye ne han not anientissed or destroyed, neither in yourself ne in youre conseillours, as you ought.-Chaucer. The Tale of Melibeus. ANIGHT. On night. In the night. As Edmond sat myd ys ost anygt in such solas, do readily receive the impressions of their motor; and not fettered by their gravity, conform themselves to situ tions, wherein they best unite unto their animator. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. Here fabled chiefs in darker ages born, Or worthies old whom arms or arts adorn, Who cities rais'd, or tam'd a monstrous race, The walls in venerable order grace: Heroes in animated marble frown, And legislators seem to think in stone. Pope. Temple of Fam Animate bodies are either such as are endued with a veg tative soul, as plants; or a sensitive soul, as the bodies animals, birds, beasts, fishes, and insects; or a ration: soul, as the body of man, and the vehicles of angels, if ar such there be.-Ray. On the Creation. How near of kin soever they may seem to be, and ho certain soever it is, that man is an animal, or rational, ‹ white, yet every one at first hearing perceives the falshoc of these propositions; humanity is animality, or rationalit or whiteness.-Locke. On Hum. Underst. b. iii. c. 8. Would the polite Egyptian priests, who first animalize the asterisms, do, like Tom Otter in the comedy, bring the bulls and bears to court? would they exalt them into heave before they had made any considerable figure upon earth the fact is indeed just otherwise. Warburton. The Divine Legation, b. iv. s. Wherever we are formed by nature to any active purpos the passion which animates us to it, is attended with de light, or a pleasure of some kind. Burke. On the Sublime and Beautifu The love of God ought continually to predominate in tl mind, and give to every act of duty grace and animation. Beattie. Elements of Moral Science, pt. ii. c. ANIMO'SITY. Fr. Animosité; It. Animosità Sp. Animosidad; Lat. Animosus, from Anime met. spirit. See ANIMAL. Fulness, warmth of spirit; vehemence of pa: sion. Applied where the passion is malevolent. This said, a work not worthy him, he set to: of both feet He bor'd the nerves through, from the heele, to th' anki and then knit Both to his chariot, with a thong of whit leather, his hea Niece. Beaum. & Fletch. Wit at several Weapon The next circumstance which I shall mention, under th head of muscular arrangement, is so decisive a mark intention, that it always appeared to me, to supersede, some measure, the necessity of seeking for any other obse vation upon the subject: and that circumstance is, t tendons, which pass from the leg to the foot, being bou down by a ligament at the ancle.-Paley. Nat. Theol. c. S ANNALIZE, v. Fr. It. A'NNALIST. Annalis, from Annus, year; Gr. Evos. ; Inali; Sp. Annales; A'NNAL. ANNARY. A La |