APPRAISE, or APPRISE. APPRAISER. APPRAISEMENT,Or APPRISEMENT. To set, or fix a price; to rate or estimate the value, to appreciate.

Fr. Apprécier; It. Apprezzare; Sp. Apreciar, to set a price; from ad, and pretium, a price.

The sequestrators sent certain men appointed by them, whereof one had been burnt in the hand for the mark of his truth, to apprize all the goods that were in the house: which they accordingly executed with all diligent severity: not leaving so much as a dozen of trenchers, or my children's pictures, out of their curious inventory. Yea, they would have apprized our very wearing clothes, had not Alderman Towley and Sheriff Rawley, to whom I sent to require their judgment concerning the ordinance in this point, declared their opinion to the contrary.-Bp. Hall. Account of Himself.

For their price, by law they ought to take as they can agree with the subject. by abuse they take at an imposed and enforced price. By law they [the purveyors] ought to make but one apprisement by neighbours in the country; by abuse they make a second apprisement at the court-gate. Bacon. Speech touching Purveyors. The statute therefore granted this writ, by which the defendant's goods and chattels are not sold, but only appraised; and all of them (except oxen and beasts of the plough) are delivered to the plaintiff, at such reasonable appraisement and price, in part of satisfaction of his debt.

Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iii. c. 26. On poems by their dictates writ, Critics, as sworn appraisers sit, And mere upholst'rers in a trice,

On gems and paintings set a price.-Green. Spleen.

APPRECATION. Į Lat. Apprecari, ApA'PPRECATORY. Sprecatum, to pray to (ad and precari, of uncertain etymology,) to pray, to beseech.

Prayer, beseeching, (for some blessing, in opposition to-to deprecate, against some evil.)

The heathen Romans entered not upon any public civil business, without a solemn apprecation of good success. Bp. Hall. Art of Divine Meditation, c. 14.

If either the blessing or the curse of a father go deeper with us, than of any other whatsoever; although but proceeding from his own private affections, without any warrant from above; how forcibly shall we esteem the (not so much apprecatory, as declaratory) benedictions of our spiritual Fathers, sent to us out of Heaven!

Bp. Hall. Cases of Conscience, Dec. 3. c. 9.

APPRECIATE. Į Fr. Apprécier, to set a APPRECIATION. price. See APPRAISE. To set or fix a price; to rate or estimate the value; to estimate, to value.

APPREHEND.

APPREHENDER.
APPREHENSIBLE.
APPREHENSION.

APPREHENSIVE.

APPREHENSIVELY.

hold of, (Ad, præ, and hendere, used in comAPPREHENSIVENESS. position, which Tooke derives from the A. S. Hent-an, to hunt, catch, seize.) See APPRIZE, APPRENTICE, PRIZE.

Par. This is that banisht haughtie Mountague,
That murdred my loues cozin; with which griefe,
It is supposed the faire creature died,
And here is come to do some villanous shame
To the dead bodies; I will apprehend him.
Stop thy vnhalloved toyle, vile Mountague:
Can vengeance be pursued further than death?
Condemned vallaine, I do apprehend thee.

Shakespeare. Romeo & Juliet, Act v. sc. 3. There is nothing but hath a double handle; or at least we have two hands to apprehend it.

Bp. Taylor. Holy Living, c. 2. s. 6. Can we want obedience then To him, or possibly his love desert, Who form'd us from the dust, and plac'd us here Full to the utmost measure of what bliss Human desires can seek or apprehend.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. v. Even amidst the throng of thine apprehenders, in the heat of their violence, in the height of their malice, and thine own instant peril of death, thou healest that unnecessary eare, which had beene guilty of hearing blasphemies against thee.-Bp. Hall. Contemp. Christ Apprehended.

The Christian's best faculty is faith; his felicity, therefore, consists in those things, which are not perceptible by sense; not fathomable by reason, but apprehensible by his faith, which is the evidence of things not seen.

Id. Satan's Fiery Dart quenched. Qu. Behinde the arras, hearing something stirre, He whips his rapier out, and cries a rat, a rat, And in his brainish apprehension kills The vnseene good old man.

Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act iv. sc. 1.

How can he but be moved willingly to serve God, who hath an apprehension of God's such merciful design to save him; of his having done so much in order thereto? Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 42. Some overtures have been made, by a third hand, to the bookseller, for the author's altering those passages which he thought might require it; but it seems the bookseller will not hear of any such thing, being apprehensive it might spoil the sale of the book.-Swift. Tale of a Tub, Apo.

For, as its wonderful apprehensiveness made that it could not easily be deceived, so this makes that it will by no means deceive.-South, vol. ii. Ser. 12.

It was once proposed to discriminate the slaves by a particular habit; but it was justly apprehended that there might be some danger in acquainting them with their own numbers.-Gibbon. Roman Empire, c. 2.

Now from the page of Richardson bestow
On Clementina's face the lines of woe;
Or let sweet Harriet's livelier beauty wear
The soul-fraught eye and apprehensive air.
Scott. Essay on Painting.

APPRENTICE, v. Fr. Apprenti, a learner, APPRENTICE, n. from Apprendre, to learn; APPRENTISAGE. Sp. Aprendiz, Aprender, APPRENTICEHOOD. from the Lat. ApprehenAPPRENTICESHIP. dere, to take hold of. One who takes, receives, teaches (himself), or is taught (by others). A disciple, a learner.

APP

See the quotations from Blackstone and Smith. See also APPREHEND and APPRIZE.

Alle kyne crafty men. craven mede for here aprentys
Marchaundise and mede. mote nedes go to gederes.
Piers Plouhman, p. 52.

Ententife weren for to sing
These birdes, that not vnkonning
Were of the craft, and a prentise

But of song subtill and wise.-Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose.

Aur. -Now appears the object

Of my apprentic'd heart: thou bring'st, Spinella,

A welcome in a farewell.-Ford. Lady's Trial, Act i. sc. I.

Com. He speaks like master Practice, one that is
The child of a profession he is vowed to,
And servant to the study he hath taken,
A pure apprentice at law!

B. Jonson. Magnetic Lady, Act iii. sc. 3. Like as he were ridiculous, and worthy to be laughed at, who should say, that no man ought to lay his hand upon the oare to row, but he that had been prentise to it; but sit at the sterne and guid the helme he may who was never taught it even so he, who maintaineth, that in some inferiour arts there is required apprentisage, but for the attaining of vertue none at all, deserveth likewise to be mocked.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 68.

Another species of servants are called apprentices, (from apprendre, to learn,) and are usually bound for a term of years, by deed indented or indentures, to serve their masters, and be maintained and instructed by them.

Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 14.

I know no Greek or Latin word (I might venture, I believe, to assert that there is none) which expresses the idea we now annex to the word apprentice, a servant, bound to work at a particular trade for the benefit of a master. during a term of years, upon condition that the master shall teach him that trade.-Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 10.

The laws and customs of Europe, in order to qualify any person for exercising the one species of labour (that of mechanics, artificers, and manufacturers) impose the necessity of an apprenticeship.-Id. Ib.

APPRE/ST. Fr. Apprest, preparation. Apprester, to prepare, to make ready. See PREST.

The christian princes sore mooued herewith, made their apprests for a new expedition into the holie land.

Holinshed. Chron. The Hist. of Scotland, an. 1279.

What man art thou? quod he. Thou lokest, as thou woldest finde an hare, For ever upon the ground I see thee stare. Approche nere, and loke up merily.

Chaucer. Prologue to Sire Thopas, v. 13,628.
Myn hert is full of suche folie,
That I my selfe male not chastise:
Whan I the court see of Cupide
Approche vnto my ladie side

Of hem, that lusty ben and fresshe,
Though it auaile them not a resshe.-Gower. Con. A. b. ii.

whiche man albeit amonge men he bee defrauded of his prayse, yet doeth God acknowledge and approue him, whose approbation is perfite blisse and saiuacion.-Udal. Rom. c. 2.

The very Jewe in dede is he, whose conscience is pourged from synne, and hathe wholly geuen himselfe to Christe: VOL. I.

Or [would you] hold on your way with a good chere & a glad heart, thinking your selfe muche honored by the lawde & approbacion of that other honorable sort.

Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1252.

And further oure sayd father beside his letters patentes sealed vnder hys greate seale shall make or cause to be made letters approbatory and confirmacions of the peres of his realme and of the lordes, citezens and burgesses of the same under his obedience.-Hall. Hen. V. an. 8.

And thereupon as need shall require, will give our letters patents, confirmatory and approbatory, in forme effectuall ard autenticall.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 457.

Cla. I pre'thee (Lucio) doe me this kinde seruice:
This day my sister should the cloyster enter,
And there receiue her approbation.
Acquaint her with the danger of my state,
Implore her, in my voice, that she make friends

To the strict deputie.-Shakes. Meas. for Meas. Act i. sc. 3. Sir Toby. As thou draw'st, sweare horrible; for it comes to passe oft, that a terrible oath, with a swaggering accent sharpely twang'd off, giues manhoode more approbation then ever proofe itselfe would have earn'd him.

Id. Twelfth Night, Act iii. sc. 4.

I am very sensible how much nobler it is to place the reward of virtue in the silent approbation of one's own breast, than in the applause of the world.

Melmoth. Pliny's Letters, b. i. Let. 8.

APPROMPT, v. Ad, and promptus, from Promere, to bring out.

To bring or draw out; to make ready for use. See PROMPT.

Neither may these places serve only to apprompt (in 4to. prompt) our invention, but also to direct our inquiry. Bacon. On Learning, b. ii. Lat. AppropinAPPROPINQUE. quare, to approach, (ad and propinquus,) from prope, near. See AP

APPROPINQUATION.

}

PROACH.

Appropinque is Hudibrastick, i. e. burlesque.

There are many ways of our appropinquation to God. This people, saith God, draws nigh me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me. This is an approach, that God cannot abide.-Bp. Hall. Ser. James iv. 8.

To which he answer'd, "Cruel Fate
Tells me thy counsel comes too late;
The clotted blood within my hose,
That from my wounded body flows,
With mortal crisis doth portend

My days to appropinque an end.-Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3.

APPROPRE. Fr. Approprier; It. ApAPPROPRIABLE. propriare; Sp. Apropriar; APPROPRIAMENT. Lat. of the lower ages, APPROPRIATE, v. Appropriare, (from ad and APPROPRIATE, adj. proprius,) which Vossius APPROPRIATELY. thinks is from prope, near; APPROPRIATENESS. for all usually endeavour APPROPRIATION. to be near to those things which they possess,-which are their own.

To belong properly, particularly, exclusively to; to allot or assign, to consign, to apply, to take, to assume, to attribute, sc. to its proper or to any

Wherof touchende this partie
Is rhetoric the science
Appropred to the reuerence

Of wordes that ben reasonable.-Gower. Con. A. b. vii.

For amonge wise men the saied wordes ar most estemed, when they are well appropried and saied to good purpose. Golden Boke, c. 20.

Uice may be an heire to old richesse,
But there may no man, all men may see,
Biqueth his heire his vertuous noblesse,
That is appropried vnto no degree.

Scogan. To the Lords, &c. of the King's house. And all the ornamentes that Nabuchodonosor caried away from Jerusalem vnto Babylon, and appropriated vnto his awne teple these brought Cyr' forth agayne, and delyuered them to Zorobabel.-Bible, 1539. 3 Esdras, c. 6.

Now doth the scripture ascribe both fayth & workes not to vs, but to God only, to whom they belong onely, and to who they are appropriate, whose gifte they are, and the proper worke of his spirit.-Tyndal. Workes, p. 66.

Among many other thinges in this king [Hen. II.] memorable, this is one to be noted (folow it whe can) that he

81

reignyng, XXXV. yeres, and hauyng so many warres with his enemies, yet he neuer put any tribute, impost, or taxe vpon his subiectes, nor yet vpon the spirituality, first fruites, or appropriation of benefices, belyke they were not then knowen, but sure it is, they were not vsed.

Grafton. Hen. II. an. 30.

If any one shall look upon this [five] as a stable number, and fitly appropriable unto trees, as bodies of rest and station, he hath herein a great foundation in nature, who observing much variety in legges and motive organs of animals, as two, four, six, eight, twelve, fourteen, and more, hath passed over five and ten, and assigned them unto none, or very few.-Brown. Garden of Cyrus.

Fem. If you can neglect Your own appropriaments, but praising that In others, wherein you excel yourself, You shall be much beloved there.

Ford. Love's Sacrifice, Act i. sc. 1.

In old times, whilst these churches were in the clergyhand, they were called appropriations, because they were appropriate to a particular succession of church-men: now they are called impropriations, for they are improperly in the hands of lay-men.-Spelman. On Tithes, p. 137.

We ought, by the powerful operation of this grace in our hearts, to find so heavenly an appropriation of Christ to our souls, as that every believer may truly say, "I am one with Christ Christ is one with me."

Bp. Hall. Christ Mystical, c. 1. s. 2. And so the incumbency, which is a spiritual office, cannot be granted; nor by the same reason could the perpetual incumbent (which is the approprietary), at the first grant his estate which contained the incumbency and the rectory which is the revenue of the incumbent.

Spelman. On Tithes, p. 141 And surely the Bible's being appropriate (as itself tells us) to enlighten the eyes and to make wise the simple; and it being written for the use of the whole people of God, whereof the greater number are no clerks, things are there expressed with an evidence proportionable to the degree of assent that they exact, and are so far forth intelligible to pious and industrious readers, as they are necessary to be understood by them.-Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 267.

Dryden. Death of Oliver Cromwell.

There is besides in each [province of China] a superintendant, sent more immediately from court, to inspect the course of affairs: a censor of justice and manners, without whose approval no capital sentences are to be executed. Sir W. Temple. Of Heroic Virtue.

Goddess, forgive-my heart, surpriz'd, o'erflows
With filial fondness for the land you bless.
As parents to a child complacent deign
Approvance, the celestial brightness smiled.

Thomson. Liberty, pt. iv.

On the 14th of March, 1659, he [John Rowe] was

pointed by act of parliament one of the approvers of ministers, according to the Presbyterian way.-Wood. Ath. Oxon.

It is lawful, in short, as our Saviour expresses it, to do well on the sabbath-day; to preserve ourselves, and to benefit our fellow-creatures. Thus far then we may go, but no farther. In other respects, the rest of the Lord's day is to be observed; and those very exceptions which our Saviour makes, are a proof, that in every other case he approves and sanctions the duty of resting on the sabbath-day.

Porteus, vol. i. Lect. 10.

But there is another species of confession, which we read much of in our antient books, of a far more complicated kind, which is called approvement. And that is, when a person, indicted of treason or felony, and arrainged for the same, doth confess the fact before plea pleaded; and appeals or accuses others, his accomplices, in the same crime; in order to obtain his pardon. In this case he is called an approver or prover, and the party appealed or accused is called the appellee. Such approvement can only be in capital offences.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iv. c. 25.

Whanne that April with his shoures sote
The droughte of March hath perced to the rote,
And bathed every veine in swiche licour
Of whiche vertue engendered is the flour.

66

Chaucer. Prol. to Canterbury Tales, vol. i. A'PRON. Of unsettled etymology. MinA'PRONED.shew proposes, Afore one. Skinner, A. S. Aforan; Afore. Mr. Boucher thinks it may perhaps be derived from Nappe, whence our word Napery." Mr. Brocket says, in the North, the word is Nappern, conformable to the old ap-orthography; and he derives from the Fr. Naperon, a large cloth. So also Mr. Todd. Lacombe has Appronaire, and Apronier. No instance of Napron has been found."

ad, and proximus, nearest.) To be or come near to; to approach; to border upon, have an affinity with.

That were indeed, a well-tempered and a blessed reformation, whereby our times might be approximant and conformant to the apostolical and pure primitive churche. Sir E. Dering. Speeches, p. 74.

This is the best and truest approximation to God: Walk before me, saith God to Abraham, and be upright. Bp. Hall. Ser. James iv. 8.

The blood of Christ hath cemented mankind: the favour of God, embracing all, hath approximated and combined all together.-Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 25.

For these [living bodies] indeed are fit to receive a quick and immediate conversion, as holding some community with ourselves, and containing approximate dispositions unto animation.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 21.

I demand how bodies that are already contiguous, can be brought to farther approximations without penetrating each other, at least in some parts.-Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 149.

Enquire whether the tides in the new and full moon, and in the equinoxes prove high and large in different parts of the world at once: not understanding by once, the same hour; for the hours differ according to the appulse of the waters to the shores; but on the same day.

Bacon. Physical Essays.

APPULSE. Lat. Appulsus, (Ad, pellere, pulsum, to beat or dash):A beating or dashing against; touching, reaching.

The contiguity and minuteness of these corpuscles may make the appulse of the reflected light fall upon the retina within so narrow a compass.-Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 741.

[D and T] are commonly framed, by an appulse or collision of the top of the tongue against the teeth or upper gums. Wilkins. On Real Character, p. 369. A'PRICOT. Fr. Abricot, which Cotgrave calls the abricot or apricock plum; It. Bericuocolo, Albiococo; Sp. Albaricoque; mala præcoqua or præcocia. See Menage.

This fruit [peaches] ordinarily waxeth ripe after the fall of the leafe, or autumne: but the abricots are readie to be eaten in summer.-Plinie. Nat. Hist. b. xv. c. 12.

A'PRIL. Fr. Avril; It. Aprile; Sp. Abril; Lat. Aprilis, either from appos, foam, because Venus, to whom this month was sacred, sprung from the foam of the sea; or from Aperire, to open: or, as Joseph Scaliger thought, from Aper, a boar; and he instances as a similar name the Gr. month, eλapnßaλiwv, from eλapnßoλia, a festival in honour of Diana, the striker of the stag. The reasons against the two first are stronger than any that appear to exist for the last. Chaucer assembles his pilgrims in this month.

Love was the son of Loneliness, begot in Paradise by that sociable and helpful aptitude which God implanted between man and woman toward each other.

Id. Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce. This sort of flattery is therefore more dangerous, because it makes the temptation ready for mischief, apted and dressed with proper, material, and imitable circumstances. Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. xxv. Poet. When we for recompence haue prais'd the vild, It staines the glory in that happy verse, Which aptly sings the good.

Shakespeare. Timon of Athens, Acti. sc. 1.

Rom. The nobles receyue so to heart, the banishment of that worthy Coriolanus, that they are in a ripe aptnesse, to take al power from the people, and to plucke from them their

tribunes for euer.-Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act iv. sc. 3.

It is true, that if the affection or aptnesse of the children

be extraordinary, then it is good not to crosse it.

Bacon. Ess. On Parents and Children.

Man is born with a faculty or capacity to know, though as yet without any actual knowledge; and the eye has a native disposition and aptitude to perceive the light, when fitly offered, though as yet it never exercised any act of vision, and had no innate images in the womb.

Blackmore. Creation, Pref.

Observations are neither to be made justly by ourselves, nor to be rightly chosen out of those made by others, nor to be aptly applied, without the assistance of reason. Wollaston. Religion of Nature, s. 3.

A rock is the most apt image that the material world affords of pure unadulterated truth.-Horsley, vol. i. Ser. 18.

Fr. Aquatique; It. Aquatico; Sp. Aquatico, from Lat. Aqua, water; applied to

That which can or may, that which does, dwell or

AQUATICK.
AQUA'TICAL.
AQUA'TILE.

A'QUEOUS.
AQUO'SITY.

grow in the water; watery.

There is a treatise of Aristotle extant, wherein he putteth down foure kinds of animals, to wit, terrestrial, aquaticall, volatile, and cœlestial.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 692.

thereby, as dropsies, &c.

Moreover, it is thought to bee singular good for the aquosities gathered within the bodie, and the diseases caused Holland. Plinie. Nat. Hist. b. xx. c. 20.

I might here take notice of those amphibious creatures, feet are joyned by membranes, as in water fowls, for swimwhich we may call aquatic quadrupeds, the toes of whose ming, and who have very small ears and ear-holes, as the cetaceous fishes have for hearing in the water.

Ray. On the Creation. Hereby I understand the aquatile, or water-frog; whereof in ditches and standing places we may behold many millions every spring in England.-Brown. Vulg. Errours, b. iii. c. 13. Now touching the production of animals, whether terrestrial, aquatil, or volatil, we may observe, that they are in the ordinary course of nature of two kinds.

Hale. Orig. of Mankind, p. 304. Another cure of this kind was experimented by Dr. Daniel Major upon a goose, ann. 1670; the aqueous humour of both whose eyes they let out, so that the eyes fell, and the goose became quite blind.

Derham. Physico-Theology, b. iv. c. 2

This profound fixing of aquatic-trees being to preserve them steedy, and from the concussions of the winds, and violence of waters, in their liquid and slippery foundations. Evelyn. Sylva, c. 18.

AQUEDUCT. Fr. Aqueduct; It. Aquidotto; Sp. Aqueducto; from Lat. Aqua, water, and ductum, past part. of ducere, to lead.

That which leads or guides, conveys, the course of water.

The water is convey'd no lesse than twenty-two miles in an aquæduct by Sixtus V. ex agro Columna by way of Præneste, as the inscription testifies. Evelyn. Memoirs, vol. i. P. 101. We left the road for about half a mile to see the sources of a modern aqueduct. It is entertaining to observe how the little springs and rills, that break out of the sides of the mountain, are gleaned up, and conveyed through little covered channels into the main hollow of the aqueduct. Addison. Italy. Near Rome.

The city of Nicodemia, sir, have expended three millions three hundred and twenty-nine sesterces, in building an aquæduct; which, not answering the intent, the works are entirely fallen into ruins.

Melmoth. Pliny. Epistles, b. x. Let. 46. AQUILINE. Fr. Aquilin; It. Aquilino; Lat. Aquilinus, from Aquila, an eagle.

Like an eagle: arched and hooked like the beak of an eagle.

His nose was aquiline, his eyes were blue, Euddy his lips, and fresh and fair his hue. Dryden. Palamon & Arcite. Twere well, says one, sage, erudite, profound, Terribly arch'd and aquiline his nose, And overbuilt with most impending brows, Twere well, could you permit the world to live As the world pleases. Couper. Task, b. iii. ARABLE. Fr. Arable; It. Arabile; Sp. ARATION. Aráble; Lat. Arabiles, from Arare, to plough: which Tooke derives from the A. S. Erion, to ere, to plough.

That may be ered or ploughed; tilled or turned with a plough.

The most part of the arable land within the territory of Rome, was become heathy and barren for lack of ploughing, for that they had no time nor mean to cause corn to be brought them out of other countreys to sow. North. Plutarch, p. 189. The fyrste day of Auguste, there fell such a rayne, that the ordynaunce could scarce be remoued, the arable grounde was so softe. (In Grafton, erable).-Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 5.

His eyes he op'nd, and beheld a field,
Part arable and tilth, whereon were sheaves
New reapt.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. xi.

It would suffice, if, after the manner of halls in Oxford, there were only four professors constituted to teach these four parts of it [agriculture]: first, aration, and all the things relating to it. Secondly, &c.

Cowley. Essay on Agriculture.

But if the sullen earth, so press'd, repines
Within its native mansion to retire,
And stays without, a heap of heavy mire;
Tis good for arable, a glebe that asks
Tough teams of oxen, and laborious tasks.
Dryden. Virgil, Georg. 2.
Lo, how the arable with barley-grain
Stands thick, o'ershadow'd, to the thirsty hind
Transporting prospect!
Philips. Cyder.

A'RACE. Fr. Arracher, evellere, (Skinner); and the Fr. from Eradicare, (Menage.)

To tear up by the roots.

So at the last the shaft of tre

I drough out with the fethers thre

But yet the hoked hedde iwis

The which beauty called is

Gan so depe in mine heart pace
That I it might not arace

But in mine heart still it stood

All bled I not a drop of blood.-Chaucer. Rom. of the R. And in hire swough so sadly holdeth she Hire children two, whan she gan hem embrace, That with gret sleight and gret difficultee The children from hire arm they gan arrace. Id. The Clerkes Tale, v. 8979. I had my thought and mind araced From earthly frailnesse and from vaine pleasure. Wyat. Complaint to Reason. ARA'ISE. A. S. Arisan, to raise. See ARISE, and RAISE. Homicide is also in yeving of wicked conseil by fraude, as for to yeve conseil to areise wrongful customes and talages. Chaucer. The Persones Tale.

And but if thou yearthly manne waxest euill out of thy wit, this figure amonesteth thee that askest the heauen with thy right visage, and hast areised thy forhedde, to bearen vp on high thy courage, so yt thy thought ne be not heauied, ne put low vnder foot, sith that the body is so high areised. Chaucer. Boecius, b. v. Whose simple touch

Is powerfull to crayse King Pippen, nay
To giue great Charlemaine a pen in's hand
And write to her a loue line.

Shakespeare. All's Well that Ends Well, Act ii. sc. 1.

ARANEOUS. Fr. Araigné, Araigneux; Lat. Araneosus, from Aranea, which Vossius thinks is from the Hebrew Arag, texere.

Full of spiders, spinners; or of cobwebs, (Cotgrave.)

Its curious craneous membrane that constringeth and dilateth it, and so varieth its focus (if any such variation there be, as some affirm with great probability.) Derham. Physico-Theology, b. iv. c. 2.

A'RBALIST. Fr. Arbaleste; Bar. Lat. A'RBALISTER, Arcubalistus, from Arcus, a A'RCUBALIST. bow, and Balista, from BaðA'RCUBALISTer. to cast, to shoot. One who casts or shoots from a bow; a bowman, an archer.

So gret poer of thulke lond & of France he nome
Myd hym in to Engelond, of knygtes & of squyers,
Spermen auote & bowmen, & al so arblastes.

R. Gloucester, p. 378. Sper men and archers, and also arblastres.

Id. Ib. p. 372. Note.

Men seine ouer the wall stond
Great engins, who were nerehond
And in the kernels here and there
Of arblasters great plenty were.

Chaucer. The Rom. of the Rose. Within XX. dayes after, he wan the sayd castell, to ye great losse of men on both partyes, and toke prysoners there wtin. XXXVI. knyghtis, besyde the other noumbre of yomen and arblasterys.-Fabyan. John. an. 1204.

An arbalister, (or archibalist) standing vpon the wall, & seeing his time, charged his steele bow with a square arrow or quarrell, making first his prayer to God, That he would direct that shot, and deliuer the innocency of the beseiged from oppression.-Speed. Richard I. An. 1199.

As for all the demilances or yeomen (if I shall so call them) and the arcubalisters which had slaine manie of his men during the siege (as Matthew Paris saith) the king caused them to be hanged, to put other in feare that should so obstinatlie resist him.-Holinshed. John, an. 1215.

It is an historical fact, that Richard was killed by the French from the shot of an arcubalist, a machine which he often worked skilfully with his own hands.

Wharton. Hist. Eng. Poetry, vol. i. p. 159. A/RBITER, v.

A'RBITER.

Fr. Arbitre, Arbitrer; It. Arbitro, Arbitrare; Sp. Arbitro, Arbitrar; Lat. Arbiter; which Vossius and Junius think is from ar for ad, and the ancient bito for eo, to go:- The proper meaning of arbiter, being one who goes, to inspect, to examine.

A'RBITRABLE.

A'RBITRARY.

A'RBITRARILY.
A'RBITRARINESS.
ARBITRA'RIOUS.
ARBITRA'RIOUSLY.
A'RBITRATE.
ARBITRATION.
ARBITRA'TOR.
ARBITREMENT.
A'RBITRESS.

One who examines, tries, determines,decides, judges; an examiner, a judge; a decider, a determiner,-usually applied to one chosen by the litigant parties.

Arbitrar-y, ily, iness, ious, iously, are used when the judgment wholly depends upon the uncontrolled will of the arbiter.

And this thyngs onley suffiseth ynough, to destroyen the freedome of our arbitree, that is to saine, of our free-will. Chaucer. Boecius, b. v. Certes, quod Prudence, it is an hard thing and right perilous, that a man putte him all outrely in the arbitration and jugement, and in the might and power of his enemie. Id. Tale of Melibeus. Euery man hath free arbitrement to choose good or yuel to perform.-Id. Test. of Loue, b. iii.

The noble lorde Humphrey erle of Stafforde, the worshipfull persones, Maister William Alnewike keper of the kynges priuy seale, and Raufe lorde Crumwel, promysyng and behightyng, by the faith of hys body, and worde of his princehode and kynges sonne, to do, kepe, obserue and fulfill, for hym and hys behalfe, all that shal be declared, ordeined and arbitred, by the forsaide Archebishop, Dukes, bishoppes. Heli. Hen. VI. an. 4.