GRIEF. GRIEF-FUL. GRIEVE, v. GRIEVABLE. GRIEVANCE.

Fr. Grever; It. Gravare;
Sp. Agraviar; from the Lat.
Gravare, gravis, heavy. To
grieve,-

GRIEVER.
GRIEVINGLY.

GRIE'VOUS.

To be or cause to be heavy; to bear heavy upon, weigh down, burthen, sink, depress; (sc.) with sorrow or afflicGRIEVOUSLY. tion; to afflict, to distress, GRIEVOUSNESS. to pain; to cause or bear ain or sorrow; to sorrow, to mourn, to bewail. Grief and grievance (in Shakespeare) would, ccording to modern usage, be interchanged.

Mury & fair yt thogte y now, & that heo thider wende,
To wonye & to lyue ther, & that heo hem word sende,
Gef any mon hem greuede, & that heo wolde, heo seyde,
Warde hem from alle men, that hem bi tidde no drede.
R. Gloucester, p. 41.
Tho he come ver [far] in the see, and he aslepe was,
At tyme of mydnygt of the nygt, hym mette a greuous
Id. p. 202.

cas.

Neuer bifore in Wales was don so grete greue,
Bi dounes & bi dales, thar folk at suilk mischeue.
R. Brunne, p. 91.

Our fredom that day for euer toke the leue,
For Harald it went away, his falshed did vs greue.
Id. p. 71.

The rede kyng William felle a faire chance,
To Saynt Poule's he cam, withouten greuance.-Id. p. 87.

Ib. Ib. b. vii.

endure grefe, suffering wrongfullye.-Bible, 1551. Peter, c.2. For it is thank worthy if a man for conscience toward God

Yet some there be there with that take greuaunce,
And gruddge therat with frowning countenaunce
But what of that? hard it is to please all men,
Who lyst amende it, let him set to his pen.
Skelton. The Crowne of Laurell.

The common sort are wont to take the deathe of yong folks much grieuouslyer then of old; whereas indede nothing is more to be desyred of God, then in yt age to dye, when it is most pleasure to liue, or euer the soul be blemished with the manifold euils of this present life.-Udal. Mark, c. 5.

Consider not the multitude and grieuousnes of thyne offences: onelye regarde that Jesus is he that came to saue all men, and.is able to doe all thinges with a becke. Id. Ib. c. 5.

For they flee fro the drawe swordes, [euen] from the drawen sworde. and from the bent bowe, and from the grieuousness of warre.-Geneva Bible, 1561. Isa. xxi. 15.

Brut. Cassius, be content, Speake your greefes softly, I do know you well. Shakespeare. Julius Cæsar, Act iv. sc. 2. Which when she sees with ghastly griefful eyes Her heart does quake, and deadly pallid hew Benumbes her cheekes.

Egl. Madam, I pity much your grievances, Which, since I know they vertuously are plac'd, I giue consent to go along with you. Shakespeare. Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act iv. sc. 3.

Here new aspersions, with new obloquies,
Are laid on old deserts; and future ill
On present suffrings bruted to arise,
That further grievances engender will.
Daniel. Civil Wars, b. iv.

Their aged syre thus eased of his crowne
A private life ledd in Albania
With Gonorill, long had in great renowne,
That nought him griev'd to beene from rule deposed
downe. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 10.

Believe me, there is not a sin more incompetible with the Gospell-mercy (than uncleanness,) a more unreconcileable rival of all godliness, a greater waster of conscience, griever and quencher of the spirit, a more perfect piece of Atheism, and Heathenism, be it the fairest outside Christian. Hammond. Works, vol. iv. p. 514.

Nor greeuingly I thinke

The peace betweene the French and vs, not valewes
The cost that did conclude it.

Shakespeare. Henry VIII. Act i. sc. 1.

A false infamous faitour late befell
Me for to meet, that seemed ill bested,
And playnd of grevous outrage, which he red
A knight had wrought against a lady gent.

So forth they far'd; but he behind them stay'd,
Maulgre his host, who grudged grevously,
To house a guest that would be needs obey'd,
And of his owne him left not liberty.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 10. Cancerous ulcers seize on this part [the lip]. This grief hastened the end of that famous mathematician, Mr. Harriot. Wood. Athena Oxon.

}

GRIFFIN. Fr. Griffon; It. Griffone; GRY PHIN, Or Dut. Griffoen; Sp. Grifo; GRIFFON. Lat. Gryphus and gryps. "The word rpu or gryps," (says Sir T. Brown) "sometimes mentioned in Scripture and frequently in humane authors, properly understood, signifies some kinde of eagle or vulture; from whence the Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 8. epithete grypus, for an hooked or aquiline nose.' Vossius calls it avis fabulosa, having its name ab adunco rostro. Kilian says, q.d. Grip-hoen; but it is not a creature of northern invention. See GRIPE.

"D

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 1.

Sorrow is humble, and dissolves in tears.
Make not your Hecuba with fury rage,
And show a ranting grief upon the stage.

Dryden. The Art of Poetry, c. 3.
The wife withheld, the treasure ill-detain'd,
(Cause of the war, and grievance of the land)
With honourable justice to restore.

Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xxii. All Greece is one comedian: laugh, and they Return it louder than an ass can bray: Grieve, and they grieve; if you weep silently, There seems a silent echo in their eye.

Dryden. Juvenal, Sat. 3. There is, without all peradventure, something more griev ous and corroding to the mind of man, from his being conscious that he has actually committed the sin he suffers for, than in all the sharpest and most afflicting impressions of pain, of which that suffering, as to the matter of it, does consist.-South, vol. ix. Ser. 1.

These that I speak of are grievously disturbed with odd, unreasonable, nay, and sometimes, impious, blasphemous phantasies, which are suggested to their minds, they do not know how, nor upon what occasion.-Sharpe, vol. iii. Ser.5.

In the same sermon the grievousness of the offence is to be opened; the party to be exhorted to unfeigned repentance, with assurance of God's mercy, if they do so; and doubling of their damnation, if they remain either obstinate, or feign repentance where none is, and so lying to the Holy Ghost. Strype. Life of Grindal, b. ii. c. 11.

Grief is sometimes considered as synonymous with sorrow; and in this case we speak of the transports of grief. At other times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful affections; such as are inspired by domestic calamities; particularly by the loss of friends and relatives; or by the distress, either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we love and value.-Cogan. On the Passions, vol.i. pt.i. c 2.

On the 6th of April, four days before our second county. meeting, the House of Commons took the petitions of the people into considerations; and authenticated the grievances therein complained of.-Anec. of Bp. Walson, vol. i. p. 129.

The earth (says Epicharmus) will be restored to earth, and the spirit will ascend upwards; what is there terrible or grievous in this ?-Warburton. Divine Legation, b. iii. s. 3.

A spiritual and a natural father, a mother and an elder brother, are not to be treated with disrespect, especially by a Brahman, though the student be grievously provoked.

Sir W. Jones. The Institutes of Hindu Law, c. 2.

And like a griffon loked he about,
With kemped heres on his browes stout.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1235. Bugles, bulles, and many great griffon.

Lydgate. History of Troy.

The griffons, which are supposed to have long eares, and a hooked bill, I take them to be meere fables: and yet they say, that the Pegasi should be in Scythia, and the griffons in Ethyopia.-Holland. Plinie, b. x. c. 49.

That there are griffins in nature, that is, a mixt and dubious animal, in the forepart resembling an eagle, and behind, the shape of a lion, with directed ears, four feet, and a long tail, many affirm, and most, I perceive, deny not. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 11.

As when a gryfon through the wilderness With winged course ore hill or moarie dale, Pursues the Arimaspian, who by stelth Had from his wakeful custody purloind The guarded gold. Millon. Paradise Lost, b. ii. Whence may be guessed what their function was: was it to go about circled with a band of rooking officials, with cloak bags full of citations, and processes to be served by a corporalty of griffon-like promoters and apparitors.

Id. Of Reformation in England, b. i.

Now griffons join with mares; another age
Shall see the hound and hind their thirst asswage
Promiscuous at the spring.-Dryden. Virgil, Past. 8.
Now in close fight the angry chiefs engage;
Like two fell griffins roused to equal rage.

A griffin and a mare the mingled breed
Compos'd; and like his sire his feet before,
His head, his feathers, and his wings he wore;
(In all the rest his mother-mare was shown)
And by the name of griffin-horse was known.

Hoole. Orlando Furioso, b. iv.

GRIGG. A very small eel; and Skinner says, he knows not whether from Crycce, a crooked staff, from some resemblance of the one to the other; or from Crecca, a creek or bay, because these eels frequent such places. The A. S. Wrigan (in old English, to wrie) is to cover, the diminutive of which is wriggle; and by the name riggle, is a small sand eel known on some parts of the coast, probably so called from the quickness with which it wriggles or covers itself under the sand, when attempted to be caught. The usual prefix ge forms ge-wrig-an, which by contraction would become grig; and thus the word, as applied to the fish, may be accounted for; and from the quickness, nimbleness, liveliness of this fish may have arisen the phrase, As merry as a grig. But see GREEK, for a more probable explanation of this phrase.

A merry grigge, a iocande frend,

for euery sillye misse.-Drant. Horace, b. i. Sat. 3.

Now wight that acts on stage of Bull,
In skullers' bark does lie at Hull,
Which he for pennies two does rig,
All day on Thames to bob for grig.

Davenant. The Long Vacation in London.
Hard is her heart as flint or stone,
She laughs to see me pale;
And merry as a grig is grown,
And brisk as bottled ale.

Gay. A New Song of New Similes. Besides these, there is another variety of this fish, known in the Thames by the name of grigs, and about Oxford by that of grigs or gluts.-Pennant. British Zoology. The Eel.

There hii were, as strange men, grymylyche undervonge.
R. Gloucester, p. 347.
Whan the fader wist the sonne wild werre on him,
I blame him not if him list turne ageyn fulle grim.
R. Brunne, p. 133.
The duke was in a cas, his wondes wer so grym,
That his leche was in ille hope of him.-Id. p. 192.
A great chorl and a grym, growen as a tonne,
With a face so fat, as a ful bleddere.

Piers Plouhman. Crede. Somtime hath semed come a grim leoun, And somtime floures spring as in a mede.

Chaucer. The Frankeleines Tale, 11,458. He smot to Launfal, and he to hym, Well sterne strokes, and well grym,

Ther wer in eche a syde.-Launfal. Ritson, vol. i.

Lybeaus Disconus. Ritson, vol. ii. Her tayle was myche vnmete, Hyr pawes grymly grete

As ye may lythe and lere.-Id. Ib.

They were not able to abyde the grimnesse of their countenaunces and the fierceness of their lookes. Goldinge. Cæsar, fol. 29. But when she looked up, to weet what wight Had her from so infamous fact assoyld, For shame, but more for feare of his grim sight, Doune in her lap she hid her face, and lowdly shright. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 8. So stood Sir Scudamour when this he heard, Ne word he had to speake for great dismay, But lookt on Glauce grim, who woxe afeard Of outrage for the words which she heard say. Id. Ib. b. iv. c. 1. With hundred iron chaines he did him bind, And hundred knots that did him sore constraine: Yet his great iron teeth he still did grind, And grimly gnash, threatning reuenge, in vaine. Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 4. Old Mer. When it was grown to dark midnight, And all were fast asleep,

In came Margaret's grimly ghost, And stood at William's feet. Beaum. & Fletch. Knight of the Burning Pestle, Act ii. sc. 1.

Mar. I (my Lord) and feare

We have landed in ill time: the skies locke grimly, And threaten present blusters.

Shakespeare. Winter's Tale, Act iii. sc. 3. Some your high spirit did mad presumption call, Some pitied that such youth should idly fall; Th' uncircumcis'd smil'd grimly with disdain; I knew the day was yours: I saw it plain. Cowley. Davideis, b. iii. Yet with grim-visag'd war when he her shores did greet, And terriblest did threat with his amazing fleet, Those British bloods he found, his force that durst assail, And poured from the cliffs their shafts like showers of hail Upon his helmed head.-Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 8.

Scant could they hold the teares that furth gan burst,
And almost fell from bloody handes the swordes;
Only the sterne Herennius, with grym looke,
Dastards, why stand you still? he sayeth.

GRIME, v. Skinner, from the Dut. Be-
GRIME, n. griemen, beghremen, begremdlen,
GRIMY. gremelen; denigrare; maculare,
to blacken, to spot; and these from the n. grimm,

Vncertaine Auctors. Marcus Tullius Ciceroe's Death. q.d. deformem et aspectu torvum reddere. Whan they togydere mette, Ayder yn other scheld hytte, Strokes grymly greete.

To make grim; to give a grim aspect or appear. ance; (sc.) by dark, dirty, or sooty marks or spots; and thus, to smear or rub with any thing dark, dirty, or sooty.

Their swarthy host would darken all our plains, Doubling the native horrour of the war And making death more grim.-Addison, Cato, Act ii. sc.1. For posture, dress, grimace, and affectation, Though foes to sense are harmless to the nation. Dryden. Epistle to Henry Higden, Esq. This artist is to teach them how to nod judiciously, to shrug up their shoulders in a dubious case, to connive with grimace. Spectator, No. 305. either eye, and in a word, the whole practice of political

Associate he with demons dire,

O'er human victims held the knife, And pleas'd to see the babe expire, Smil'd grimly o'er its quiv'ring life.

Langhorne. Fables of Flora, Fab. 11. Now Death, with hasty stride, stalks o'er the field, Grimly exulting in the bloody fray.

Jago. Labour & Genius. Whose ravell'd brow, and countenance of gloom, Present a lion's grimness.-Glover. Athenaid, b. xxx.

Roses, pinks,

And violets they carry, tripping light Before the steps of grimly-featur'd Mars, To blend the smiles of Flora with his frown.

Glover. Leonidas, b. iL

And, still more freely to describe
The dull grimace of scolding age,
He ridicul'd the dying closes

Of precepts snuffled through their noses.

·

Cooper. Ver-Vert, c.4. GRIMALKIN. Archdeacon Nares,-" Gri malkin, q.d. grey-malkin, a name for a fiend, sapposed to resemble a grey-cat."

Grimalkin's a hell-cat, the devil may choke her.
Ballad of Alley Croker.
Malkin, Skinner says, is a diminutive of Maria.
But still were wanting his grimalkin eyes,
For which grey worsted-stocking paint supplies.
Swift. Dan Jackson's Picture.
The fox and the cat, as they travell'd one day,
With moral discourses cut shorter the way;
""Tis great," says the fox, "to make justice our guide!
"How godlike is mercy!" grimalkin replied.
Cunningham. The Fox and the Cat.

My face Ile grime with filth, Blanket my loines, elfe all my haires in knots, And with presented nakednesse outface The winds, and persecutions of the skie Shakespeare. Lear, Act fi. se. 3 Anti. What complexion is she of? Dro. Swart like my shoo, but her face nothing like so clean kept; for why? she sweats a man may go overshooes in the grime of it.—Id. Comedy of Errors, Act iii. sc.2. Foure grisly blacksmiths stoutly did their task Upon an anvile form'd in conic wise: They neither minded who, nor what to ask, But with stern grimy look do still avise Upon their works.-More. On the Soul, pt. i. lib. iii. s. 6. But Michael Cassio might be drunk enough, Though all his features were not grim'd with snuff. Lloyd. The Actor.

GRIN, v. A. S. Grennian, grennegan, grinGRIN, n. nian; Dut. Grinnen, grinden, Ger. GRINNER. Greinen; Sw. Grina; It. Di-grig nare; ringere, os torquere; to draw awry or withdraw the lips, (sc.) so as to show or display the teeth. Consequentially

To draw aside the lips, and show the teeth. And thei herden these thingis and weren dyuerseli turmentid in her hertis, and grennyden with teeth on hym Wiclif. Dedis, c.7.

Yfrounced foule was her visage, And grinning for dispitous rage.-Chaucer. Rom. of the R. Ther did they worshyp it in their scarlet gounes with cappe in hande, and here they improued it with scornes and with mockes, grennyng vpon her lyke termagauntes in a playe.-Bale. Votaries, pt. ii.

What groan was that I heard?-deep groan indeed!
With anguish heavy laden. Let me trace it.
From yonder bed it comes, where the strong man,
By stronger arm belabour'd, gasps for breath
Like a hard-hunted beast.
Blair. Grave.

GROAT. From the Fr. Gros; It. Grosso. A coin so called from its great size, and formerly perhaps made of brass or iron, (Skinner.) See the citation from Baker.

For hure hefd was worth half a mark. and hus hod not a grote.-Piers Plouhman, p. 82.

A, yeve that covent half a quarter otes;
And yeve that covent four and twenty grotes.
Chaucer. The Sompnoures Tale, v. 7546.

And thys I affirme vnto thee, that if thou builde a thousand cloisters, and giue as many copes and chalices to churches, and visitest all the pilgrimages in the world, and espiest, and seest a poore man whome thou mightest help, perishing for lack of one grote, all these things whereon thou hast bestowed so muche money, shall not be able to helpe thee.-Frith. Workes, p. 89.

But now groats of four-pence, and half groats of twopence, equivalent to the sterling money, are coined, which enhaunced the prices of things that rise and fall according to the plenty or scarcity of coin.-Baker. Edw. III. an. 1376.

Our author is playing hocus pocus in the very similitude he takes from that juggler, and would slip upon you as he phrases it, a counter for a groat.

Bentley. On Free-Thinking, § 12.

While his apparel is not worth a groat, his finger wears a ring of value, or his pocket a gold watch.

Fielding. Journey from this World to the next, c. 19. GROATS, i. e. Gritts, (qv.)

As greyn that lyeth in the great.-Piers Plouhman, p. 216. Verrius reporteth, that the people of Rome for three hundred years together, used no other food than the groats made of common wheat.-Holland. Plinie, b. xviii. c. 7.

GROCER. Formerly written Grosser. Fr. GROCERY. Grossier. Marchant Grossier. That sells only by great, or utters his commodities by wholesale, (Cotgrave.) The Sp. Gruessero is a wholesale dealer, one who sells in gross. So also the Dut. Grossier. The 37th Edw. III. c. 5, is said by Rastall to have been "against grocers engrossing marchandizes." (And see ENGROSS.) Skinner and Minshew derive from the Fr. Gros, but subjoin, or a grossis, (sc.) the figs, which they sell. Junius calls a grocer, aromatarius, aromatopola. Originally

One who buys and sells in gross, or great quantities, or weights.-Now otherwise; and see the quotation from Watts.

Within the bowels of these geese there is a kind of grease to be had of singular force in medicine, and fleaing likewise the skin from their bodies with the fat, they make an oile verie profitable for the gout, and manie other diseases in the haunches and groines of mankind. Holinshed. Description of Scotland, c. 6. The fatal dart arrives,

And through the border of his buckler drives; Pass'd through, and pierc'd his groin; the deadly wound, Cast from his char.ot, roll'd him on the ground. Dryden. Virgil. Eneis, b. x. Sometimes there are a few marks upon their hands or arms, and near the groin.-Cook. Third voyage, b. iii. c. 12.

custodire; and of this A. S. verb, Tooke (ii. 261,) is persuaded that groom is the past part. and that it should be written without the r. In all our usages of the word it denotes (see Bridegroom)— One who attends, observes, takes or has the care or custody of any thing, whether of horses, chambers, garments, bride, &c.

Some were of dogs, that barked day and night, And some of cats, that wrawling still did cry; And some of beares, that groynd continually. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 12. GROOM. Verstegan and Minshew from the Dut. Grom, a boy. It may also (adds Skinner) be deduced from the A. S. Guma, vir et vigilans; from the A. S. Gyman, curare, accurare, servire,

Me may se a bonde mone's sone otherwyle knygt bi come,
And some gromes and squiers, and seththe knygtes some
R. Gloucester, p. 100
And yf the gromes grutche. bed hem go swynke.
Piers Plouhman, p. 140.

And many a floit and litling horne,
And pipes made of grene corne,
As haue these little heerd gromes
That kepen beasts in the bromes.

Chaucer. House of Fame, b. iii.

With-owten more she went hir way;
With hir was nowther knave ne grome,
Ne no man wist wher sho bycome.

Ywaine & Gawin. Ritson, vol. i. They lykewise receiued the horses of the gromes of the stable, and brought them to ye kyng.

Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 225.

In himself (Adam) was all his state, More solemn than the tedious pomp that waits On princes, when thir rich retinue long Of horses led, and grooms besmeard with gold Dazles the croud, and sets them all agape. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. v. Thereto he hath a groome of evill guize,

Whose clasp is bare, that bondage doth bewray, Which pols and pils the poore, in piteous wize; But he himselfe vpon the rich doth tyrannize. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 2. Officious grooms stand ready by his side; And some with combs their flowing manes divide; And others stroke their chests, and gently sooth their pride. Dryden. Virgil. Eneis, b. xii. By this the brides are wak'd, the grooms are dress'd; All Rhodes is summon'd to the nuptial feast, All but myself, the sole unbidden guest.

Id. Cymon & Iphigenia. In the year following [1679] he [Silas Titus] did with the consent of his Majesty resign his gromeship.

Wood. Athenæ Oxon. Under this pretence, the groom-porter had a room appropriated to gaming all the summer the Court was at Kensington, which his Majesty accidentally being acquainted with, with a just indignation prohibited.

Pope. The Dunciad, Note on v. 310.

When he [Ventidius] grew up, he gained his livelihood by serving as a groom; in which employment having gotten together a little money, he furnished himself with some mules and carriages, which he let out to the Government

for the use of the Proconsuls in their way to the Provinces.

Melmoth. Cicero, b. xiv. Let, 3. Note.

}

GROOVE, v. I See GRAVE and GROVE. GROOVE, n. Skinner observes that, in Lincolnshire, to grove, fodere, to dig, to grave, was still in use. In A. S. Graf-an; Dut. Grav-en ;

Ger. Grab-en.

To dig, to dig out, to hollow out, to excavate

One letter still another locks,

Each groov'd and dovetail'd like a box.

Swift. George-Nim-Dan-Dean's Ans. to T. Sheridan.

If she for other encheson
Be wroth, than shalt thou haue a groin anon.
Id. Troil. & Cres. b. i.
Min is the strangel and hanging by the throte,
The murmure, and the cherles rebelling,
The groyning, and the prive empoysoning.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2462.
From thence wer wailings heard, and lions wrathful loud
did grone,
Resisting in their bands, and nere to night they make
theyr mone,

Both bristled groining bores, and beares at mangers yelling
yawle,
And figures foule of wolues they heare for wo to fret and
wawle.
Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. vii.
He takes no sounder rest, whilst he
hath chatterd out the thing,

GROPE, v. A. S. Grap-ian, contrectare. GRO'PER. Spalpare, palpando veluti in tenebris prætentare; to touch, to handle, to try the way by feeling, as in darkness; of the same origin,

Then doth the swine, that hath her groine

new wounded with a ringe.-Drant. Horace, b. ii. Sat. 7. Junius adds, as gripe, to take hold of; consequen

tially,

In a large and round groove or gutter, purposely made in the lower part of this trencher, I caused as much lead as would fill it up to be placed and fastened.

Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 259.

The aperture (is) grooved at the margin.

Pennant. British Zoology. The Wreath Shell

In the mean time, as often as there is occasion to turn the palm upward, that other bone to which the hand is attached, rolls upon the first, by the help of a groove or hollow near minence in the other.-Paley. Natural Theol. c. 7. each end of one bone, to which is fitted a corresponding pro

To try to find, to explore the way, (sc.) by feeling for any thing as a guide; to feel about, to try to find, to explore, as in darkness; (met.) as in ignorance, or uncertainty; to explore, to examine.

Al that the fynger gropeth. graythly [readily] he grypeth. Piers Plouhman, p. 327.