Ἢ παλάμᾳ τινὶ τὰν δυσάλωτον ὅλῃ τις ἀρχάν, with the basis Telestes in Athen. XIV. 617. F.

The anapaest is the reversed dactyl. Belonging to the equal kind it shares with the dactyl in the character of dignity and force, but being a rising rhythm, is more lively than the other (P. I. ch. 1. p. 8). But its character is changed according to the various modifications of which its measure is capable. The lyric poets commonly used the anapaest in such a manner as to leave it its original form, and to avoid even the contraction into the spondee as far as possible. The Dorians made a peculiar use of the anapaestic rhythm. They used it for military marching songs (uBarnoia), in which they permitted the contraction of the thesis. The tragic poets treated the anapaest in systems with more freedom, admitting the dactyl for the anapaest

~

~~. The comic poets employed, though seldom, even the

proceleusmatic

~

The caesura which happens on the thesis, would weaken the rhythm; on this account anapaestic series delight in the masculine diaeresis (P. I. ch. 11. p. 39).

The catalexis is in syllabam alone

7.

p. 27).

The shortening of the long by the hiatus is permitted not only in the two shorts of the thesis, as Aesch. Pers. 39.

Καὶ ἑλειοβάται ναῶν ἐρέται,

Aristoph. Nub. 352.

Λύκοι ἐξαίφνης ἐγένοντο,

but also, though more rarely, in the two shorts of the dactyl which stands for the anapaest, as Eur. Hec. 125. Aesch. Pers. 60.

Τὼ Θησείδα δ ̓, ἔζω Ἀθηνῶν.
Οἴχεται ἀνδρῶν.

Anapaestic series are measured partly by feet, partly by dipodies. The former are more rapid, and therefore rarely have the contraction of the thesis.

(1) The Monopody.—Monopodia anapaestica.

It is frequently prefixed to other rhythms as an introduction, as Pind. Nem. VI. 5.

Νόον ἤτοι φύσιν ἀθανάτοις.

Eur. Herc. fur. 680.

X

Ἔτι τὰν Ἡρακλέους καλλίνικον ἀείσω.

If the anapaest stands for the trochaic basis, it is to be

(2) The Dipody.—Dipodia anapaestica.

(a) The Monometer.-Monometer anapaesticus.

Of dipodies, sometimes verses, sometimes systems are composed.

The monometer is either used singly among dimeters, basis anapaestica, or it occurs singly in the lyric and dramatic poets, or in connection with other rhythms, as Pind. Olymp. XI. Epod. 6.

fore other rhythms as an introduction; a basis with an anapaestic anacrusis, as Pind. Pyth. IX. 1.

The former is the principal element of anapaestic systems. It occurs, however, singly also among other rhythms, as Soph. Oed. R. 469, 470.

Ἔνοπλος γὰρ ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἐπενθρώσκει

Πυρὶ καὶ στεροπαῖς ὁ Διὸς γενέτας.

With the arses resolved, some metrical writers have called it after Hephaestion, Proceleusmaticum tetrametrum Aristophaneum.

Τίς ὄρεα βαθύκομα τάδ' ἐπέσυτο βροτῶν.

The catalectic dimeter or the parocmiac is sometimes used by the line, sometimes serves as the close of anapaestic systems, and sometimes occurs singly among other rhythms, as Soph. Philoct. 1135.

Pind. Pyth II. 4.

Πολυμηχάνου ἀνδρὸς ἐρέσσῃ.

Μέλος ἔρχομαι ἀγγελίαν τετραορίας ἐλελίχθονος.

Instances of the former cannot with certainty be pointed out; the latter was used by the line, among the Spartans, as a marching rhythm, versus Messenicus.

(d) The Tetrameter.—Tetrameter anapaesticus.

The acatalectic is found repeated by the line in the Roman comic writers. The Spartans used the catalectic by the line in marching songs, and the comedians, particularly Aristophanes, employed it very frequently.

(3) The Tripody.—Tripodia anapaestica.

acatalecta.

catalectica.

Both appear in combination with other rhythms, as Pind. Nem. VI. 4.

Μένει οὐρανός. ἀλλά τι προςφέρομεν ἔμπαν ἢ μέγαν. Soph. Phil. 1178.

Φίλα μοι, φίλα ταῦτα παρήγγειλας, ἑκόντι τε πράσσειν. Pind. Olymp. XIII. 1.

Τρισολυμπιονίκαν.

(4) The Tetrapody.-Tetrapodia anapaestica.

acatalecta,

catalectica,

are not distinguished from the acatalectic and catalectic dimeter.

(5) The Pentapody.-Pentapodia anapaestica.

acatalecta.

catalectica.

Very rare; for an example of the acatalectic take Arist.

Acharn. 285.

Σὲ μὲν οὖν καταλεύσομεν, ὦ μιαρὰ κεφαλή,

and of the catalectic, Eur. Herc. fur. 1018.

Τότε μὲν περισαμότατος καὶ ἄριστος.

(6) The Hexapody.—Hexapodia anapaestica.

acatalecta,

catalectica,

are not to be distinguished from the acatalectic and the catalectic trimeter. According to Servius, the former was used by Stesichorus, hence called metrum Stesichorium, the latter by Alcman, hence called metrum Alcmanium.

The longer anapaestic metres, which Servius mentions: the Simonideum, a trimeter hypercatalectic., so called, or heptapod. cat., the Alcmanium, a tetrameter brachyc. so called, or a heptapodia acat. and the Aristophanium, or the tetram. acat. or octapodia acat. seem to rest on erroneous divisions.

(2) Irrational Anapaests.
Logaoedic Series.

The irrational anapaest is distinguished from the rational, as the irrational dactyle is from the rational, namely by the smaller extension, and the stronger intensity of the arsis (P. I. ch. 4. p. 17). It thus approaches the iambic rhythm and is therefore readily combined with it. Such anapaestic iambic series are called logaoedic, λογαοιδικοί.

The cyclic anapaests, so called, are analogous to the irra