ence of those attending. Two Examinations are held on the lectures and on books set for private study, and an Essay on some philosophical question is prescribed. The Tyndall Bruce Prize of £10 is awarded, on the results of the Examinations and Essay, to the best Student in the class.

This Class will not meet next Session in view of the meeting of an advanced class in Moral Philosophy; but the Professor will be glad to direct the reading of any senior students. The Tyndall Bruce Prize will be awarded on the results of an Essay, and an Examination on books to be prescribed at the beginning of the Session.

Class of English Literature.

This Class meets on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at 10 A.M. The lectures give a survey of some period of English Literature, including a more detailed study of some of the masterpieces of the period under consideration. Some time is also devoted to the exposition of the forms and principles of literary composition. The period to be studied next Session is 1560-1660. No text-book is prescribed, but the Students' English Literature (Murray) or Saintsbury's Elizabethan Literature may be usefully referred to.

MORAL PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL ECONOMY.

This Professorship is also coeval with the foundation of the Colleges. The Professor is appointed by the University Court. This Class is recommended to form part of the third year in a three years' course, or of the fourth year in a four years' course; and, in either case, during the Session immediately succeeding that in which the Class of Logic is attended.

The Moral Philosophy Class meets daily from 1 to 2 P.M.

Lectures are delivered on the Psychology and Metaphysic of Ethics; and on the Historical Development of Metaphysical and Ethical Thought.

During the ensuing Session the course will include-1. The chief Problems of Moral Philosophy in the light of contemporary discussion. 2. A Historical Sketch of Ethical and Social Theories. 3. The relations of Moral Philosophy to Theology.

Text-books: Schwegler's History of Philosophy, and Sidgwick's History of Ethics.

A brief oral examination on the Lecture of the previous day will precede the delivery of the next.

Written examinations will be held on days to be intimated at the beginning of the Session, on the Lectures, on the Text-books,

and on Subjects not previously announced. Three Essays will be prescribed during the Session.

In the lists printed at the close of the Session, students will be arranged alphabetically in ranks or classes, denoting order of merit, according as they have obtained (1) above 70 per cent of marks on the whole work of the Session; (2) between 60 and 70 per cent; and (3) between 50 and 60 per cent.

Advanced Class.

This Class was instituted in the year 1888 for the study of those philosophical questions which cannot be dealt with in the ordinary class for the Master of Arts Degree. It was intended especially for the discussion of problems which arise out of Ethics, and which lead to others in Philosophy, Sociology, and Theism.

As it was judged inexpedient, however, to have two advanced classes for the study of Philosophy meeting in the same year, in a small University, this one has been postponed for a time, and a senior class of Logic and Metaphysics has been carried on. Since the latter class will not meet during session 1891-92, this one will be held every week from November to April-the particular day and hour being arranged at the commencement of the session, to suit the convenience of Students. Amongst the subjects to be discussed in 1891-92, will be "Some Aspects of Modern Theism."

Class of Political Economy.

During January, February, and March, a course of Lectures on selected subjects in Political Economy will be delivered, on Tuesdays and Thursdays, at 3 o'clock P.M.

An examination on Political Economy will be held towards the close of the Session.

N.B.-Students are requested to note the hour of this class in making their arrangements for the Session.

Text-book, Walker's Brief Text-Book of Political Economy.

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.

This Professorship is coeval with the foundation of the Colleges. The Professor is appointed by the University Court.

Students are recommended to attend the class of Natural Philosophy during the Session immediately succeeding attendance at the Second Mathematical Class.

The subjects of lecture are: 1. Properties of Matter, Inertia, Molecular Forces, Laws of Motion, Conservation of Energy, Hy

drostatics and Pneumatics; 2. Sound; 3. Heat; 4. Light; 5. Electricity; 6. Astronomy; 7. Meteorology. The Class meets at the following hours:

10 to 11 o'clock on Tuesdays and Thursdays.

12 to 1

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on five day's a-week.

Examinations are held every fortnight; and the subjects consist generally of propositions in the lectures or text-books, with the addition of a few problems.

The places in the Honour and Prize List are determined by the results of the examinations.

Home Exercises-Problems are prescribed once a-month for work at home.

Private Reading.-Ganot's Physics, or Deschanel's Natural Philosophy, may be taken for summer reading.

The examination takes place early in November, and a prize is awarded to the best competitor.

Text-Books.-Students are strongly recommended to read one of each of the two groups of books given below during the course of the Session, as an accompaniment to the Lectures: (1) Thomson and Tait's Elements of Natural Philosophy, Blaikie's Elementary Dynamics, Lodge's Elements of Mechanics; (2) Deschanel's Natural Philosophy, Ganot's Physics, Daniell's TextBook of Physics.

The following books are also recommended for the more advanced students: Todhunter's Statics; Tait and Steele's Dynamics; Besant's Treatises on Hydrostatics; Newton's Principia, Evans's edition; Parkinson's Optics; Lloyd's Lectures on the Wave Theory of Light; Airy's Tract on Light; Balfour Stewart on Heat; Clerk-Maxwell's Theory of Heat; Jamin, Cours de Physique.

Opportunities will be offered to a limited number of students of going through a course of Practical Laboratory Work. There is no extra fee charged, but only those students will be admitted to the course who can spare two or three hours a-week, and who are attending the class a second time, or who have been placed in the Honour list in the second Mathematical class. Students attending the class of Natural Philosophy a second time, will have the option of taking the ordinary class examinations, or of an advanced set suited to the Second B.Sc. and Neil Arnott Prize Examinations. These advanced Examination papers will be set once a-month.

Neil Arnott Fund.

This fund consists of a sum of £1000, presented to the University in 1874 by Mrs Arnott, in memory of her husband, Dr Neil Arnott, to be termed the Neil Arnott Fund, and to be

devoted to the promotion of the Experimental Study of Natural Philosophy.

In terms of the deed of foundation, the free annual income of the fund is expended in the purchase of Apparatus for the Natural Philosophy Class.

MATHEMATICS.

This Professorship was founded in 1668. The Professor is appointed by the Crown.

There are three Mathematical classes.

The First or Junior Class meets one hour daily for five days in the week. The subjects are-Euclid, Books I. II. III. IV. V. VI. and XI., Elements of Modern Geometry, Geometrical Conic Sections, Plane Trigonometry and Elementary Algebra.

The Class also meets from 10 to 11 on Thursdays for Theory of Arithmetic, use of Logarithm Tables, &c.

A Tutorial Class free to members of the class meets three times a-week for the benefit of those who are backward, and attendance on it is required from all who make less than 50 per cent in the examinations.

Text-Books.-Todhunter's Euclid, C. Smith's Elementary Algebra, and Walmsley's Trigonometry.

The Second Class meets one hour daily for five days in the week. The subjects are- -Algebra, Trigonometry, Elements of Quaternions, and the Elements of Plane Co-ordinate Geometry. A Tutorial Class, free to every member of this class, meets twice a week.

Text-Books.-C. Smith's Treatise on Algebra, Walmsley's Trigonometry, large edition, and Smith's Conic Sections, or any other good treatise.

On pp. 156, 157, work will be found prescribed for summer study for students who have attended the First and Second Classes respectively during session 1890-91, and on which an examination for prizes will be held at the beginning of next session. Papers will be set at the same time on the work done in each class during session 1890-91, and a prize will be given to every one who was, in the previous Session, below the first rank in the Class List of Honours, and who makes 70 per cent or upwards.

The Third or Senior Class meets one hour daily for four days in the week. The subjects are-Differential and Integral Calculus, with applications to Physics. The course thus indicated may be varied from time to time to meet the requirements of the majority of the class. It is requested that students intending to join this class should put themselves in communication with Professor Lang, who will furnish them with a graduated series

of examples on the Differential and Integral Calculus, which they are expected to be able to work when they join the class.

Text-Books.-Todhunter's or Edwards's Differential Calculus, Williamson's Integral Calculus.

In the First and Second Classes oral examinations are held daily, and written examinations every fortnight. Every student who attends any one of the Mathematical classes a second time will be allowed to compete for prizes under deduction of 6 per cent of the marks he makes if he was in the first rank of honours during his previous attendance, and of 3 per cent if in the second rank.

The Mathematical Class Library.-Founded at the close of session 1882-83, for the use of students attending the Mathematical Classes. It is suggested that any one interested in the University, and possessing books, however old or shabby, connected with Mathematics or Natural Philosophy, for which they have no special use, might present them to the Class Library. It is managed by the Professor, and a committee of students elected by the classes, and is largely made use of by the students both for class work and degree examinations.

CIVIL AND NATURAL HISTORY.

The Professorship of Civil History was founded in 1747. The Professor is appointed by the University Court. By ordinance of the Universities Commissioners, of date 25th November 1861, he is also Professor of Natural History and a Member of the Medical Faculty.

The

I. Class Lectures.—A course of lectures will be given on Zoology on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, at 10 A.M. course will deal generally with the structure, development, and distribution of animals. These lectures are illustrated by diagrams and drawings, spirit, microscopic, and other preparations.

II. Class of Practical Zoology.-Each student has an opportunity of examining for himself the structure and development of living marine forms, and dissecting various other types of invertebrate and vertebrate animals under the Professor and his assistant.

III. Marine Laboratory.-The Marine Zoological Laboratory at the beach is available for those who desire special knowledge of certain groups. Every facility is given for the carrying out of Zoological researches.

Text-Books. For the Lectures: Huxley's Anatomy of (1) Invertebrate, and (2) Vertebrate Animals; Packard's Zoology; Gegenbaur's Elements of Comparative Anatomy, translated by Jeffrey Bell; Jeffrey Bell's Comparative Anatomy. For the Practical Class: Brooks's Handbook of Invertebrate Zoology; Huxley