collection, now in the hands of a nephew of the late Monticelli, the distinguished Italian mineralogist, is offered for sale. It contains 4000 specimens. There are over 400 Vesuvian specimens, containing the largest and finest suite of Vesuvian specimens and varieties extant, all thoroughly labelled. Besides these, it includes also a beautiful series of Elba and Sicilian minerals, and a general collection rich in the species of the most celebrated European localities.— American Journal, vol. xii., No. 35, p. 301.

10. Science of Pisa.-Pisa is a fine city, and its university contains the best general collection in zoology, geology, mineralogy, and botany, in all Italy. It is justly celebrated at home for the high character of its scientific men, and deserves to be generally applauded for their sakes,-Chas. Matteucci,-the two Savi, sons of the renowned G. Savi, professor of botany at Pisa until his death,-Joseph Meneghini, professor of mineralogy and geology,-Piria, the chemist, are all names of just celebrity, and we found them most agreeable and enthusiastic men. Professor Meneghini is a young man, and has held his office only two years, in place of his unfortunate predecessor Professor Pila, who was shot in one of the republican battles in 1848. He is also a zoologist and botanist, and has edited "Observazione Postume di Zoologia Adriatica del Prof. Stefano Andrea Renier, Venezia, 1847," containing 16 plates, in folio, principally occupied with figures of sponges.-American Journal, vol. xii., No. 35, 2d Series, p. 300.

11. Nocturnal Forest Sounds.-Various and strange are the sounds which strike the ear of one benighted in the forests of Jamaica. Some of these are the voices of night birds, the rapid articulations of the Piramidig, the monotonous call or startling scream of the White Owl, the shrill wail of the Dusky Owl, the hoot of the Potoo, or the loud and reiterated cries of the Clucking Hen; and some are insect sounds. But, besides these, there are some which are certainly produced by reptiles, though it is difficult to identify them. Nearly every night, at certain seasons, there ascends from the woods around Content a continual snoring of various tones, the voices of numberless Tree-frogs, or, as they are here called, Toads. They are said to reside in the large ventricose leaves of the greater Wild Pines, especially that fine one Tillandsia lingulata, which, about the end of July, sends up a magnificent flower, somewhat like a huge carnation, with broad outer petals of a rich crimson hue and polished surface, and a cluster of smaller interior ones of pale yellow. In the coolness and moisture of these natural reservoirs, always half full of water collected from rains and dews, the Tree-frogs delight to lie, finding in them circumstances eminently congenial for the maintenance of cutaneous humidity, so essential in these reptiles to respiration. They are very rarely seen, and, but for their vocal powers by night, we should scarcely be aware of their existence; the number and universality

of these sounds, however, in the mountain woods, during the hours of darkness, prove that they are very abundant. Even when seen by day, their agility in leaping renders it a difficult matter to lay hands on them. The sounds in question bear a strong resemblance to the objurgations of an inveterate snorer, but are much louder; or sometimes remind one of the groaning and working of a ship's timbers in a heavy gale at sea.

These are probably the voices of some of the greater Hyladæ. But there are other and different noises still. While I am writing this note at Content-it is a lovely night in June-all around I am saluted with strange sounds. Now and then comes the singularly harsh and cracked voice of the Gecko, like the notes of a child's penny trumpet, or like a stick drawn across the teeth of a comb:—this I am familiar with. But I hear another voice, far more abundant, but quite unknown to me. It is now (about midnight) coming up from every part of the moonlit forest below me, with incessant pertinacity. It is a clear shrill note, so like the voice of a bird, and in particular so like that of the Solitaire, that it might easily be taken for it, but for the inappropriate hour, and the locality. Like that, it is beautifully trilled or shaken, and, like it, the individual voices are not in the same key. As I now listen to the mingling sounds, I distinguish two particularly prominent, which seem to answer each other in quick but regular alternation; and between their notes there is the difference of exactly a musical tone. I have little doubt that this is the sexual call of some Tree-frog. The groanings and snorings, which are sometimes so incessant, I do not now hear, except one such sound now and then in the course of an evening.—A Naturalist's Sojourn in Jamaica. By P. H. Gosse, p. 358.

List of Patents granted for Scotland from 22d September to 22d December 1851.

1. TO JOHN MACDOWALL, of Walkingshaw Foundry, Johnston, in the county of Renfrew, North Britain, engineer, " improvements in cutting wood and other substances, and in the machinery or apparatus employed therein, and in the application of power to the same."-22d September 1851.

2. TO HENRIETTA BROWN, of Long Lane, Bermondsey, widow and executrix of the late Samuel Brown, " improvements in the manufacture of metallic casks and vessels."-24th September 1851.

3. To ROBERT NEWELL, of the city of New York, in the United States of America, lock manufacturer, and a citizen of the said United States. "certain new and useful improvements in the construction of locks."24th September 1851.

4. TO LAMAN BAKER PITCHER, of Syracuse, in the State of New York, and United States of America, gentleman, " improvements in apparatus for regulating motive-power engines."-24th September 1851.

5. TO JOHN WORMALD, of Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, maker-up and packer, "improvements in machinery or apparatus for spinning and doubling cotton, wool, silk, flax, or other fibrous substances." -29th September 1851.

6. TO CHARLES WATT, of Kennington, in the county of Surrey, chemist, "improvements in the decomposing of saline and other substances, and separating their component parts, or some of them, from each other, also the forming of certain compounds or combinations of substances, and also in the separating of metals from each other, and in freeing them from impurities."-29th September 1851.

7. TO THOMAS KENNEDY, of Kilmarnock, in the county of Ayr, North Britain, gun manufacturer, "improvements in measuring and registering the flow of water and other fluids."-29th September 1851.

8. TO ELIJAH GALLOWAY, of Southampton Buildings, in the county of Middlesex, civil engineer, "improvements in steam-engines."-30th September 1851.

9. TO WILLIAM JOHNSON, of Millbank, in the city of Westminster, gentleman, "improvements in ascertaining the weight of goods."1st October 1851.

10. TO WILLIAM BARKER, of Hulme, near Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, millwright, in the employ of Joshua Schofield and Sons, fustian dyers and finishers, of Cornbrook, near Manchester aforesaid, "improvements in machinery for chipping, rasping, and shaving dyewood and other materials, and in apparatus connected therewith."-6th October 1851.

11. TO HENRY CURZON, of Kidderminster, in the county of Worcester, civil engineer, "improvements in the manufacture of carpets and rugs." -10th October 1851.

12. TO THOMAS LIGHTFOOT, of Jarrow Paper Mills, South Shields, in the county of Durham, paper manufacturer, "improvements in machinery applicable to the manufacture of paper."-10th October 1851.

13. To George ROBINS BOOTH, of Portland Place, Wandsworth Road, Surrey, "improvements in generating and applying heat."-15th Oc

tober 1851.

14. TO WILLIAM ONIONS, of Southwark, in the county of Surrey, engineer, "improvements in the manufacture of steel."-15th October 1851. 15. TO DANIEL DALTON, of Spon Lane, in the parish of Westbroomwich, and county of Stafford, iron-founder, " improvements applicable to railways."."-16th October 1851.

16. TO HENRY JOHN BETJEMANN, of Upper Ashby Street, Northampton Square, in the county of Middlesex, “improvements in connecting parts of bedsteads and other frames, and in machinery employed therein." -16th October 1851.

17. TO THOMAS SANDERS BALE, of Cauldon Place, in the county of Stafford, china manufacturer, "certain improvements in the method of treating, ornamenting, and preserving buildings and edifices, which said.

improvements are also applicable to other similar purposes."-20th October 1851.

18. TO WILLIAM ONIONS, of Southwark, in the county of Surrey, engineer, "improvements in the manufacture of nuts and bolts; also of steps, bearings, axles, and bushes; also of mills and dies for engravers; also of bells, lathe, and other spindles; also of weft forks, shuttle tongues, and lips for looms; also parts of agricultural implements, chains, roller-guides, and throstle-bars, by the application of materials not hitherto used for these purposes."-20th October 1851.

19. TO WILLIAM JEAN JULES VARILLAT, of Rouen, in the republic of France, manufacturer, “improvements in the extraction and preparation of colouring, tanning, and saccharine matters, from various vegetable substances, and the apparatus to be used therein."-20th October 1851.

20. TO WILLIAM FAWCETT, of Kidderminster, in the county of Worcester, "certain improvements in the manufacture of carpets."-21st October 1851.

21. TO ROBERT GRIFFITHS, of Havre, engineer, "improvements in steam-engines and in propelling vessels."-21st October 1851.

22. TO FREDERICK WILLIAM MOWBRAY, of Leicester, gentleman, "improvements in machinery for weaving."-21st October 1851.

23. TO GEORGE FERGUSSON WILSON, managing director of Price's Patent Candle Company, Vauxhall, DAVID WILSON, of Wandsworth, Esq., JAMES CHILDS, of Putney, Esq., and JOHN JACKSON, of Vauxhall, gentleman, all in the county of Surrey," improvements in presses and matting, and in the process of, and apparatus for, treating fatty and oily matters, and in the manufacture of candles and night lights.”—22d October 1851. 24. TO DONALD HENDERSON, of Glasgow, ironmonger, an improved apparatus for generating gas, which apparatus may be used for heating and other similar useful purposes, and other apparatus for heating and ventilating."-22d October 1851.

25. TO EDWIN DEELY, and RICHARD MOUNTFORD DEELY, of Avdnam Bank, in the county of Stafford, flint and bottle-glass manufacturers, improvements in the construction of furnaces for the manufacture of glass."-31st October 1851.

26. TO ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66 Chancery Lane, in the county of Middlesex, mechanical draughtsman, “certain improvements in the construction of railways;" being a communication.-4th November 1851.

27. TO WILLIAM SMITH, of Upper Grove Cottages, Holloway, in the county of Middlesex, engineer, "improvements in locomotive and other engines, and in carriages used on railways."-4th November 1851.

28. TO ROBERT HYDE GREIG, of Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, manufacturer and merchant, and DAVID BOWLAS, of Reddish, in the county of Lancaster, manufacturer, "certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for manufacturing weavers' healds or harness;" being a communication.-4th November 1851.

29. TO MICHAEL SCOTT, of John Street, Adelphi, civil engineer, "improvements in punching, rivetting, bending, and shearing metals, and in building ships."-5th November 1851.

30. TO BENJAMIN HALLEWELL, of Leeds, in the county of York, winemerchant," improvements in drying malt."-5th November 1851.

31. TO MATTHEW GIBSON, of Wellington Terrace, Newcastle-uponTyne, "improvements in machinery for pulverizing and preparing land." -7th November 1851.

32. TO WILLIAM LONGMAID, of Beaumont Square, gentleman, “improvements in treating ores and minerals, and in obtaining various products therefrom, certain parts of which improvements are applicable to the manufacture of alkali."-7th November 1851.

33. TO ANTOINE DOMINIQUE SISco, of Slough, "improvements in the manufacture of chains, and in combining iron with other metal applicable to such and other manufactures."-11th November 1851.

34. TO FREDERICK JOSEPH BRAMWELL, of Millwall, in the county of Middlesex, engineer, "improvements in working the valves of steamengines for marine and other purposes, and in paddle-wheels."-12th November 1851.

35. TO HENRY LUND, of the Temple, Esq., "improvements in propelling."-12th November 1851.

36. TO WILLIAM BOGGETT, of St Martin's Lane, gentleman, and GEORGE HOLWORTHY PALMER, of Westbourne Villas, Paddington, civil engineer, "improvements in obtaining and applying heat and light."14th November 1851.

37. TO HENRY RICHARDSON, of Aber Hirnaut Bala, North Wales, Esq., "certain improvements in life boats."-14th November 1851.

38. TO JAMES BAGSTER LYALL, of 45 Thurloe Square, Brompton, in the county of Middlesex, gentleman, an improved construction of public carriage."-14th November 1851.

39. TO JAMES PYKE, of Westbourne Grove, Bayswater, in the county of Middlesex, improvements in the manufacture of leather, also in making boots and shoes."-17th November 1851.

40. TO HUGH BOWLSBY WILLSON, of the York Hotel, Blackfriars, in the City of London, Esq., " improvements in the construction of rails for ways."-19th November 1851.

41. TO GEORGE TATE, of Bantry, in the county of York, gentleman, improvements in the construction of dwelling houses and other buildings, including carriages and floating vessels, and in the propulsion of such vessels, and in the adaptation and manufacture of materials for such uses."-21st November 1851.

42. TO RICHARD WHYTOCK, of Edinburgh, " improvements in applying colours to yarns or threads and in weaving, or producing fabrics when coloured or party coloured yarns or threads are employed.”—24th November 1851.

43. TO THOMAS COOK, of Preston, in the county of Lancaster, cotton manufacturer, and JAMES MASON, of Preston aforesaid, warper, "certain improvements in looms for weaving."-26th November 1851.

44. TO THOMAS CUSSONS, of Bunhill Row, in the county of Middlesex, " improvements in ornamenting woven fabrics for bookbinding and other uses."-26th November 1851.

45. HENRY ELLWOOD, of the firm of Ellwood and Sons, of Great