introduced into diplomacy by the Dutch, and is now become proverbial, to express slowness in deliberation, and a want of promptitude in decision. Ad rem. Lat.-"To the purpose." The arguments were not ad rem." Ad summam. Lat. HORACE.-"In short; in a word; in conclusion; to sum up the matter." k Ad tristem partem strenua est suspicio. Lat. PUBLIUS SYRUS. Suspicion is ever strong on the suffering side." When we play a losing game, we are apt to suspect all those who are around us of treachery. Ad unguem. Lat. HORACE." With perfect accuracy; literally, to the [pared] nail." "He did not think it necessary to write ad unguem." HORACE describes one of his characters as ad unguem factus homo," that is to say, as a man of the most polished manners. A metaphor, taken from workers in marble, who try the smoothness of the marble, and the exactness of the joinings, by drawing the nail over them. We should say, in our own idiom, a perfect gentleman." Ad usum fidelium. Lat.-"For the use of the faithful, of the Roman Catholics." N.B. The Church of England as well as the Church of Rome designates her sons and daughters as "THE FAITHFUL." See the Church Catechism. Ad valorem. Lat.-"According to the value." Ad vivum. Lat.-" To the life." "We have a picture of him ad vivum, by a master." Adawlut. Hindostanee. "Justice; equity'; a court of justice in India." Adde parum parvo magnus acervus erit. Lat. prov.-"Add, keep adding, little to little, and soon will you have a good hoard." Á good motto for the SAVINGS' BANKS. Addenda. Lat.-" Additions; things to be added; additional matter appended to the body of a work" [literary composition, book]. Addictus, or, addicti jurare in verba magistri. Lat. HORACE. "A person, or persons, blindly addicted to the tenets, opinions, of his or their master, teacher" [literally, bound or compelled to swear to the opinions of a teacher]. "Sworn to no master, of no sect am I; As drives the storm, at any door I knock, And house with MONTAIGNE now, and now with LOCKE." N.B. "Addicti" were properly those debtors whom the Praetor [a legal officer of ancient Rome] adjudged to their creditors, to be committed to prison, or otherwise secured, until satisfaction was made. Soldiers, however, were also called "addicti," in allusion to the military oath, which they took when enrolled. We have a pleasant use of the word in SHAKSPERE: Leave off all thin potations, says Falstaff, and addict thyself unto sack. Adeo in teneris consuescere multum est. Lat. VIRGIL.-" Of so much value, of such avail, is custom [the practice of good habits, the initiation into good habits] in the tender years of childhood: of such importance is it to be accustomed to what is right and proper from the very dawn of existence." Train up a child," says Solomon, "in the way he should go; and when he is old, he will not depart from it." Compare POPE: "Just as the twig is bent, the tree's inclined." Adeon' homines immutari ex amore, ut non cognoscas eundem esse? Lat. TERENCE.-"Is it possible that man should be so perfectly changed by love, that you cannot know him to be the same individual ? " Adhuc sub judice lis est. Lat. HORACE." The contest is still bebefore the judge.' The matter in question, the point, is even yet, as yet, undecided. " Adieu. Fr.-"Good-bye, farewell." "There is something beautifully pious and tender in that word of sad import Adieu!"" that is to say, may GOD guard you! to GOD I commit you: literally, "to GOD," ‘A DIEŬ. Adieu pour toujours. Fr.-"Farewell for ever." Adieu jusqu'au revoir. Fr.-"Farewell, good-bye, till I see you again, till we meet again.” Adieu paniers, vendanges sont faites. Fr.-"Farewell, basket, the grapes are gathered; 'tis all over, there's an end of it." A proverbial phrase, applicable to means or implements which have become useless through failure, or from our having been anticipated or disappointed in our views. Adjutant. "One who assists the major of a regiment, and hence formerly called aid-major." Admiranda tibi levium spectacula rerum. Lat. VIRGIL."A mighty pomp, though made of little things." Adolescentem verecundum esse decet. Lat. PLAUTUS.—“It becomes a young man to be modest." Reserve and modesty are the flowers with which youth should be decorated. -Adulandi gens prudentissima laudat Sermonem indocti, faciem deformis amici. Lat. JUVENAL.— "A certain class of individuals, most deeply versed in flattery, the arts of flattery, praise the discourse, conversation, of an ignorant friend, and the face, countenance, of a hideously ugly one.' They attack each man on his weak side. "For lo! where versed in every soothing art, Advenae. Lat." Settlers in a country," literally, strangers, foreigners, comers to a place or country. Aedepol, nae nos aeque sumus omnes invisae viris, malo. Propter paucas, quae omnes faciunt dignae ut videamur Lat. TERENCE.— "In troth, we wives are all equally obnoxious to, slighted by, our husbands, and very unjustly, because of the faults of a few, on account of the faults of some few of our sex, who make the world judge hardly, harshly, of us all, who make us all appear undeserving of their esteem.' The ordinary complaint of wives. Aegritudinem laudare, unam rem maxime detestabilem, quorum est tandem philosophorum ? Lat. CICERO." What kind of philosophy is it to extol melancholy, the most detestable thing in nature?" Aequalem uxorem quaere. Lat.-"Look out for a wife in your own sphere, in a position similar to your own." Like blood, like good, and like age, make the happiest marriage. Aere ciere viros, Martemque accendere cantu. Lat. VIRGIL.[A man, who has the power of] rousing, stirring up, men by the sound of the trumpet, and thereby inflaming their martial or warlike spirit, of rousing fools and making slaughter.'" The character of MISENUS, the companion and trumpeter of AENEAS, the Trojan hero. "VIRGIL'S trumpeter never wants a successor, who is equally fortunate in his trade, Aere ciere viros, &c." Aepoßarov. Gr." One who affects to raise himself above the vulgar." Literally, "One who travels in the air." "The worthy Doctor loved neither high nor aërial standards in morals or in religion. Visionaries, who encouraged such notions, he viewed [to express it by a learned word] as aεpoßarovvTES [the plural form], and as fit subjects for the chastisement of the secular arm." Lat. PHAEDRUS. Aesopi ingenio statuam posuere Attici, Certumque collocarunt aeterna in basi, Patere honori scirent ut cuncti viam, Nec generi tribui, sed virtuti gloriam. "The Athenians raised, erected, a statue in honour of Esop's genius, and placed him, though a slave, on a lasting, ever-during pedestal, to show that the way to honour lay open indifferently to all, and that glory, fame, renown, was due to, was to be the reward, not of mere family, not of high birth, not of mere ancestry, but of unsullied virtue, but of a thoroughly virtuous career. Aesthetics. "The philosophy of taste." "Esthetic philosophy," that is, "Perceptive philosophy," signifies in the creative and somewhat fanciful language of the Germans, "the philosophy of the sublime and beautiful, the theory of the fine arts and of poetry." N.B." Esthetics" comes from the Greek word aιooŋrikoç, “sensitive, possessing the faculty of, or aptitude for, perception," and this from aro0avouai, "to feel, perceive, comprehend." The word "Esthetics" was introduced by BAUMGARTEN, above a century ago, to express generally the Science of the Fine Arts, and is now in universal use among the Germans. Perhaps we also might as well adopt it; at least if any such science should ever arise among us. Aestuat ingens Lat. VIRGIL.— Imo in corde pudor, mixtoque insania luctu, A description of the rise and sorrow of jealousy. Aethiopem lavare, or, dealbare. Lat.—“To wash a blackmoor white." Labour in vain. Africa semper aliquid novi offert. Lat." Africa always offers to our notice something new; of the interior we are in almost perfect ignorance. Africa may be said to possess a stronger attraction than most other 66 regions of the globe, from its having been less explored; and, consequently, affording a more fertile and extensive source of novelty for the gratification of curiosity and adventure. It was said of old, and the saying holds good at the present day, "Africa semper aliquid novi offert; " and this very circumstance is a sufficient spur to a daring and inquisitive mind. Great as the progress has been in our day in the development of geographical information relative to this great continent, consequent on the exertions and zeal of Hornemann, Park, Oudney, Denham, Clapperton, Laing, and many other travellers, not forgetting the last, and by no means the least, the modest, unpretending, and straightforward Lander, much still remains to be done to complete the geography even of Northern Africa; and as to the southern part of this continent, it continues to exhibit almost a blank on our maps. Aflatus. Lat.-"Inspiration." "The divine afflatus failing him, he ascended from poetry to politics." Afflavit Deus, et dissipantur! Lat.-"GOD sent forth his breath, and they are [were] at once dispersed." N.B. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth, a medal was struck, bearing the above inscription, for the purpose of recording the dispersion and destruction of the Spanish Armada. The same quotation is sometimes used to express the divine interference in overthrowing a hostile army by disease, or otherwise in defeating their designs. "ELIZABETH of England had warmly espoused the cause of the revolted Netherlands, and her admiral, Sir Francis Drake, had taken some of the Spanish settlements in America. To avenge these injuries, the Invincible Armada of 150 ships of war, 27,000 men, and 3000 pieces of cannon, was equipped by Philip for the invasion of England. The English fleet of 108 ships attacked them in the night, and burnt and destroyed a great part of the squadron. A storm, which drove them on the rocks and sands of Zealand, completed their discomfiture, and only 50 shattered vessels, with 6000 men, returned to Spain, 1588."-Tytler's General History. Aga. Turkish and Persian.-Equivalent to "gentleman" in English, and used when the person addressed is not noble, neither khan, bey, nor meerza [which see], neither in the civil nor military service of the court. -Age, libertate Decembri, Lat. HORACE.— Quando ita majores voluerunt, utere. "Well then, since our ancestors would have it so, take the liberty, make use of the customary liberty, of the month of December." 66 Come, let us, like our jovial sires of old, With gambols and mince-pies our Christmas hold." N.B. The reference in the above passage is to the festival of the SATURNALIA, which see. Agent de change. Fr.-A "stockbroker." Αγευστοι καλλιστου και γονιμωτατου λογων νάματος, την ελευθεριαν λεγω, οιδεν ότι μη κολακες εκβαίνομεν μεγαλοφυεις. Gr. LONGINUS." Never tasting of that most fair and genial fountain of all eloquence, I speak of liberty, we can become no other than splendid sycophants." "HORACE lived in a servile age; and though he cheated himself with an imaginary independence, his life was servile, his tongue was servile. Nobly and well is it said by LONGINUS, Ayevotoi, &c.” Agiotage. Fr.-" Gambling in commercial shares, stocks, and government securities." Αγωνίας, δόξαι, φιλοτιμίας, νόμοι, Απαντα ταυτ' επίθετα τη φύσει κακα. Gr. MENANDER.— "Our contentions, disputes, our opinions, our feelings of ambition, ambitious promptings, our laws, are all evils, which we ourselves have superadded to Nature." Αἱ δ' ελπιδες βοσκουσι φυγάδας, ὡς λόγος Καλώς βλεπουσιν όμμασι, μελλουσιν δε. Gr. EURIPIDES. Delusive hope still points to distant good, To good, that mocks approach." Ai ricchi non mancano parenti. Ital. prov.-"The rich have never relations to seek, to hunt after." Land was never lost for want of an heir. Aide-toi, et le ciel t'aidera. Fr. LA FONTAINE.-" Help thyself, and Heaven will help thee." Depend rather on your own exertions than your prayers. The allusion is to the wagoner in Esop, who, when his wagon was overturned in a ditch, prayed stoutly for the aid of Hercules. Aide-de-camp. Fr.-"An officer who attends a general to carry orders." Αιδώς του κάλλους και αρετής πόλις. Gr. DEMADES." Modesty is the citadel of beauty and virtue." Αιει κολοιος προς κολοιον ίξάνει. Gr. prov. A jackdaw always gets alongside of another jackdaw." Birds of a feather flock together. Αιει μεν κακοδαιμονα αναγκα τον κακόν, αίτε έχοι ύλαν [κακως τε γαρ αυτα XPEETAL] ALTE σravilo. Gr. ARCHYTAS [a philosopher of the Pythagorean school]. "The bad man must needs be at all times miserable, whether he have, or whether he want, the materials of external fortune; for if he have them, he will employ them ill." ALEV apLOTEVELY. Gr.-"Always, ever, to excel, in any manner; to be of surpassing excellence." • Αιων δ' ασφαλης Ουκ εγενετ', ουτ' Αιακιδα παρα Πηλεί, Ουτε παρ' αντιπερ Καδμῳ λεγονται γε μαν βροτων Ολβον ὑπερτατον οἱ Σχειν. Gr. PINDAR. "For not the brave, or wise, or great, From the above lines we learn that Happiness is not complete in any state, position of life. See "Nihil est ab omni, &c." Air de fête. Fr.-"A festive or joyous appearance." a person of distinction." appearance of |