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DIALECT.

And he (Job) determyneth alle the lawes of dialatik (L. V. science of art) in proposicioun, assumpcioun, conBrmacioun, conclusioun.-Wic. Pref. Ep. p. 68.

DIAMONDS, s. So, corruptly, we call a suit at cards, from the Sp. Dinero, a Spanish coin, which is on their card. We have taken the French figure, which they call Carreaux, or square, but have adopted the Sp. name, and corrupted it. (H. T.) The Baron now his Diamonds pours apace; Th' embroider'd King, who shews but half his face, And his refulgent Queen, with pow'rs combin'd, Of broken troops an easy conquest find.

Pope. Rape of the Lock, can. iii. 1. 75.

One in herself, not rent by schism, but sound,
Entire, one solid shining di-a-mond.

Dryden. Hind and Panther, pt. ii. Bright portals of the skye,

Emboss'd with sparkling stars;
Doors of eternity,

With diamantine bars,

Your arras rich uphold.-Drummond. Divine Poems.

DIDDLE. See DADDLE. Also a slang word for-To cheat (or do) another out of anything, by little tricky doings.

DIE. DIED. Written Deed, Deied, Dide. It shal not be comparysound to died colours of Iynde. (E. V. steyned, tinctis.)-Wic. Job xxviii. 16.

Topasie of Ethiope shal not be maad euene worth to wisdom, and moost preciouse diyingis (E. V. steynyng, tincture) schulen not be set togidre in prijs, ether comparisound therto.-Id. lb. xxviii. 19.

(Ursa) ne coueteth not to dien his flames (tingere flammas) in the sea of the ocean.

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Capaneus, the proude, With thonder dint was slain.

Chaucer. Troylus and Cressida, v. 1505. DIP. Ger. Tauf-en, Dup-fen. DIS-ACCEPT. To refuse.

(The Canon Law) had formerly made many fair proffers of service to this island, but it was disaccepted, as too stately to serve.-N. Bacon. Hist. Discourse, c. xlviii. p. 123. DIS-ACCUSTOM. To cease from using, from following a custom.

Resuming then With greeting such as Rome was first to bear, But since hath dis-accustom'd, I began. Cary. Dante, Purgatory, xvi. 11.

DIS-ALLOW.
Chaucer. Boecius, b. iv. m. 6.

DIFFER. See DEFER. DIFFER.

This sterre differenced fro the other sterres in thre thinges.-The Golden Legend. Carton, 1483, fo. 10, c. 1. In thy immortal part

Man, as well as I, thou art;
But something 'tis that differs thee and me.
Cowley. On Platonic Love.

DIFFICULT. Turnbull, a translator of Justin (1746), following the French, uses difficult as a verb.

As the former (the men) raised the Parthian and Bactrian kingdoms, so the latter (the women) erected that of the Amazons: so that one, who considers the exploits of their men and women, will be difficulted to decide which sex was most illustrious.-Turnbull. Justin, b. ii. c. 1. DIFFIDE, v. Seems supplanted by Distrust. To cleanse the soul from sin, and still diffide Whether our reason's eye be clear enough To intromit true light.

More. Cupid's Conflict. Poems, 1647.
With hope and fear

The woman (Pyrrha) did the new solution hear:
The man (Deucalion) diffides in his own augury,
And doubts the Gods: yet both resolve to try.
Dryden. Ovid. Met. b. i.

DIFFINE. See DEFINE. DIFFUSE. Seems to have been used as equivalent to disconnected, rambling, and thus, confused, and further - not easily understood. Skelton, Notes, p. 144.

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-See Dyce.

Mist. Pa. As Falstaffe she and I are newly met,
Let them from forth a saw-pit rush at once
With some diffused song.

Shakespeare. Merry Wives of Windsor, act iv. sc. 4. DIGHT.

Thanne may I dighte thi dyner.

Piers Plouhman, v. 4383.

And when he dyeth, (he) ben disalowed.
Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 9174.
(He) noght to fonge bifore
For drede of disalowyng.-Id. Ib. v. 9196
DIS-BAR, v.

The sentence against Prynne (who was a barrister) for publishing his Histrio-Mastix, was that he should be disbarred, degraded, &c.

DIS-CALM, v. To take away or deprive of calmness; to disturb.

Epicurus would heare of no opinion which might presse and sting the conscience, or any way discalme or trouble tranquillity of mind.

Wats. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, b. ii. c. 13.

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DISCERN.

What doth not act, what wants active power, what is void of discernibility, what wants the whole ground and foundation of subsistence, can no way be a substance. Clarke. Works, iv. 704. From Leibnitz.

DIS-CHARGE. And thei fulfillid with mete, discargiden the schipp (alleviabant), castinge whete into the see. Wic. Deedes xxvii. 38. The preter of feith shal sane the sijke, and the Lord schal discharge or make him list (alleviabit), and if he be in synnes thei shulen be forțiue to him.-Id. James v. 15.

DISCIPLE.

Forsothe in Joppe was sum disciplesse (quædam disciDIGNE. In Piers Plouhman, as in Chaucer, pula) by name Tabyta, the whiche interpretid is seide disdainful, proud. And see Deign. Doreas.- Wic. Deedes ix. 36.

Thei ben so digne as the devel That droppeth fro hevene

With hartes of heynesse.

DIGRESS.

Piers Plouhman's Crede, v. 707.

So man, while he aspired to be like God in knowledge, digressed and fell.

Wats. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, b. vii. c. 3.

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DIS-CONTINUE.

DIS

(The sword of Michael) shav'd

All his right side; then Satan first knew pain, And wreath'd him to and fro convulsed; so sore The griding sword with discontinuous wound Pass'd through him.-Milton. Par. L. vi. 329.

DISCORD.

He (Paul) wolde shewen the newe to not discorden fro the olde testament, and hymself not to don azen the lawe of Moyses.- Wic. Rom. Prol. 299.

Forsothe it may not be sooth that discordith (var. r. myssouneth).-ld. Prol. to Joshua, p. 555.

DIS-COVER, v. To discover and to invent are distinguished in their usages. We discover, or detect, that which is already in existence, though hitherto hidden and unknown to us; as natural phænomena, and their laws; e. g. a planet. We invent, or contrive, a piece of mechanism, a telescope (on principles already discovered), to aid us in discovery. We discover the manufactory, the uses or purposes of an invention; that is, of a thing devised, contrived, designed by the wit of man. We discover the uses or purposes of natural productions for which they are designed by the Creator. See INVENT, and the Quotation from Ray.

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Though the sects of Philosophers of that kind be gone (Sceptical) yet there remaine certaine discoursing wits (ingenia discursantia) which are of the same veines, though there be not so much blood in them as was in those of the ancients.-Bacon. Essay of Truth.

Revealed religion first informed thy sight,
And reason saw not till faith sprung the light,
Hence all thy natural worship takes the source;
'Tis revelation what thou think'st discourse.

Dryden. Rel. Laici. It is not long since a philosopher of my acquaintance discoursed me in the following manner.

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If you punish hereticks or discrepants, they unite themselues to a common defence; if you permit them, they divide themselves upon private interest.

Bp. Taylor. Lib. of Proph. xvi. c. 4. DIS-CRUCIATE, v. Lat. Discruciare, to torture

to pieces. See To EXCRUCIATE.

To single hearts doubling is discruciating; such tempers must sweat to dissemble, and prove hypocrites. Browne. Christian Morals, pt. iii. § 20.

DISCUSS.

And by the discussion and repreuyng of my synnes hydde, I am amerualled of the depness of sapyence. The Golden Legend, fo. 27, c. 2. DIS-DAIN, DEDEYNOUS. See DRONKlewe. Piers Plouhman, in v. Drunk, infra.

But aten the thre frendis of hym he dedeynede (indignatus est) forthi that thei hadden not founde a reasonable answere.- Wic. Job xxxii. 3.

Disdayne ye at me because I have made a man every whyt whole on the Sabath day.-Bib. 1549. John vii. DIS-DESIRE, v. To cease desiring.

Her (Queen Elizabeth's) courtiers, expecting more from successors than they find, lived to dis-desire and unwish their former choice by late repentance.

Nat. Bacon. Hist. Disc. pt. ii. c. 34, p. 267. DIS-DETERMINE, v. To determine or decide in opposition to what has been determined or decided.

It is beyond reach, why that which is once by the representative of the people determined to be honestum, should be dis-determined by one or a few.

Nat. Bacon. Hist. Disc. pt. ii. c. 40, p. 304.

DIS-EASE.

And the womman was diseseful (molesta) to the song waxynge man; and he forsook anoutrie. Wic. Gen. xxxix. 10.

DIS

DIS-ENCREASE. See DIS-INCREASE. So Chaucer, Boecius, b. v. pr. 6. renders the Lat. Decrescit.

DIS-ENTRAIL.

And, as to disentrail his soul they meant,
They jolly at his grief, and make their game.

G. Fletcher. Christ's Triumph over Death.

DIS-ENTWINE, v. To free from being entwined or twisted.

The fragments of the cloud are scattered up;
The wind that lifts them disentwines my hair.
Shelley. Prometheus, act ii. sc. 3.

DIS-FAIR, v. To take away the fairness.
Nor is it the mind alone that is thus mudded; but even

the body is disfaired; it thickens the complexion, and dyes
it into an unpleasing swarthiness.
Feltham. Resolve, xxxvi.

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DIS-INGENUITY. See INGENIOUS or INGENUOUS, in v. Ingine.

DIS-INTEGRATE, v. To dis-part or destroy the integrity or entireness.

A fanatical anarchy disintegrating every thing like a church.-Hallam. Literature of Europe, iii. 58.

DIS-INTER. The s. disinterment is now in common use; and Mr. Todd, who introduced the word into Johnson, tells that A Narrative of the disinterment of a Coffin, hastily supposed to contain the corpse of Milton, was published in 1790.

DIS-JOINT, s. (Chaucer, in the Dictionary) in a dis-jointed or disabled state; and thus, in a difficult situation.

DIS-KINGDOM, v. To deprive of, drive from a

kingdom.

Til lastly ciuil strife, and Scots,

Diskingdom'd them (the Picts) from hence, Whom Orkney Ilands, as is sayd,

Haue harbour'd euer since.

Warner. Albion's England, b. xii. c. 73.

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DISME.

And leteth hem lyve by dymes.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 10674. Ze shulen offre brent sacrifice to the Lord, calues of the droue two.... and two dymes (decimas) of tryed flour. Wic. Num. xxviii. 11.

And he (Abram) zaue hym dymes of alle thingis. (L. V. tithes.)-Id. Gen. xiv. 20.

These three estates ordained and stablysshed in their names, receyuers of maletotes" (taxes-male tolte, unjustly raised,)" desmes, subsidies, and other rightes, pertayning to the kynge, and to the realme.-Berners' Froissart, c. 171. There was graunted vnto him halfe a deeme of the spiritualitie, and halfe a deeme of the temporaltie, to be payde at the feast of Saint Mighell then next. Grafton. Rich. II. Anno 10.

DISMIT, v. DISMISS, v. Certes the folk that makith suget her Nol undur the yok of the kyng of Babiloyne, and serueth hym, Y schal dismytte (dimittam) it in his londe, seith the Lord.

Wic. Jer. xxvii. 11, et aliter.

DIS-OBLIGE, v. To free from or quit of an obligation. Formerly, a common usage.

Though we are dis-obliged now from the circumstantial manner, yet are we by no means freed from the substantial performance.-Barrow. Sermon 8, v. i. p. 99.

DIS-PARPLE, v. See DIS-PERPLE.

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DIS

And whanne he had seen (hem) and Beniamijn to gidere, he commaundide to the dispensatour (L. V. dispendere, dispensatori) of his hows, seiynge, Lede in the men. Id. Gen. xliii. 16.

DISPERANCE. See DESPAIR.

DIS-PERISH.

For the mount of Sion, for it is disperisht; wlues (i. e. wolves) ziden in it.- Wic. Jer. Lam. v. 18.

Whan we han smyte them alle as o man, than and (i.e. also) thiself with hem with the swerd of Assiries shalt dien, and alle Yrael with the shal dispershen. (L. V. perische dyuersli, disperiet.)-Id. Judith vi. 3.

DIS-PERIWIG. To take away, to deprive of, a periwig. A coinage by Cowper.

I give you joy of your own hair. No doubt you are a considerable gainer in your appearance by being disperiwigged.-Cowper to Unwin. Feb. 6, 1781.

DIS-PLAY. And further-to disclose; to dis

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DIS-PLEASE.

If she should have no children, she should be displeased (vexed.)-Evelyn. Letter to Miss Blagge.

DIS-PROOF. See DIS-PROVE.

DIS-PUTE. See PUTATIVE.

DIS-SECRETE, v. To disclose; to expose; to search into; to explore.

The casualties of war are such as we must not put too much confidence, either in concealeing our own designes, or the dis-secreting (in consiliis explorandis) the designes of the enimy.

Wats. Bacon. Advancement of Learning, b. ii. c. 13.
DIS-SEMBLE.

Dissembling her immortal form, she (Juturna) took
Camertus mien.-Dryden. Eneid, xii. 340.
Formam dissimulata Camerti.-Ib. v. 224.

DIS-SHIVER, v. To shiver apart, qv.
So that it did not fall asunder quite
B'ing thus dishiver'd in a desp'rate plight.
Daniel. Funeral Poem.
DIS-SIDENT.
Their case was not one of mere religious dissidence.
Hallam. Literature of Europe, i. 414.

DIS-SIMULAR.

All other (things) besides their dissimilary and heterogeneous parts, which in a manner multiply their natures, cannot subsist without God, and the society of that Hand which doth uphold their natures.

Browne. Religious Meditations, pt. ii. § 10.

DIS-SIMULE. Whether Y dissimuled not. (E. V. feyned, nonne dissimulavi.)- Wic.. Job iii. 26.

DIS-SINUE. To take from the strength. Pindarus makes an observation, that great and Sodoms fortune fortunam subitam et indulgentem) for most part loosen and dis-sinues men's minds (animos plerumque enervare et solvere).

Wats. Bacon. Advancement of Learning, b. vii. c. 3.
DIS-SOLUTE.

Who is nesshe, and dissolut (L. V. unstidfast, dissolutus) in his werk, brother is of the man scaterende his werkes. Wic. Prov. xviii. 9. Sloathe sendeth in slep, and a dissolut (L. V. negligent) soule shal hungre.-ld. lb. xix. 15.

DISTANCE.

And this ycommen in by fendes
To bring the Christin in distaunce,
For thei would that no man were frendes.

Chaucer. Plowman's Tale, v. 3106.

DIS-TEST, v. To deprive of credit as witness (testis).

No positive law allowed them (the prelates) that power of sentence, till Ethelstan's law gave it, and upon conviction by the same law distested the delinquent's oath for ever.-Nat. Bac. Hist. Disc. c. xiv. p. 41.

DISTRAIN.

Of the cop of his braunchis the tendre I shal distreyne 32

DIV

(L. V. streyne, distringam), and I shal plaunte upon an heit hil.-Wic. Ez. xvii. 22.

I know of loves peine,

And wot how sore it can a man destraine.

Chaucer. Knightes Tale, v. 1818.

DIS-TROUBLE, is in the translation used in the Prol. to Wiclif's Bible, written distrowble; in the E. V. and also in the L. V. disturble, from Lat. Conturbare. See Disturb, infra.

Thanne Achab axide Elye, Wher thou art he that distrowblist oo Israel? And Elie seide, Not I distrowblide Israel, but thou and the hous of thi fadir, that han forsaken Goddis heestis, and han sued Baalym, han distroubled Israel.- Wic. (3 Kings, xviii. 18.) Prol. 14. p.

DIS-TUNE, v. See DIS-TONE.

And that the clapper of his distuned belle

May cankre sone.-Lyfe of our Ladye, d. iv. col. 2. DIS-TURB. Also-to separate a crowd (turba) or multitude. Carton in Golden Legend, fo. 24, c. 4, writes, And alle the tourbe of deuellis fleying in thayer (the air) fledde bacwarde.

Thanne he shal speke to hem in his wrathe, and in his wodnesse disturbe them togidere. (L. V. disturble, conturbabit.)- Wic. Ps. ii. 5.

Thou schalt hide them in the hid place of thi face; fro the disturbyng of men. (L. V. disturblyng, conturbatione.) Id. lb. xxx. 23.

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Next her went, on her other side,
The God of Love, that can devide
Love, and as him liketh it be.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose, v. 878.
How could communities,
Degrees in schooles, and brotherhoods in cities,
Peaceful commerce from dividable shores,
But by degree stand in authentique place?
Shakespeare. Troilus and Cressida, act i. sc. 3.
She (the moon) her reign
With thousand lesser lights dividual holds.
Milton. Par. L. vii. 382.
Over the channel of rock-stone the ruinous river
Shatters its waters abreast, and in mazy uproar be-
wilder'd,
Rushes dividuous all.

Coleridge. Miscellaneous Poems. Mahomet. DIVIDEND, s. That which (number or quantity) ought or is to be divided:-Applied-to the portion of divided assets paid to each creditor; to the interest paid on the sums invested in the public or other funds.

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DOR

DO. See DEED. And quotation from Gower in v. Yolk, infra.

Be do thi mercy, Lord, upon us. (L. V. be maad, sit tua.)-Wic. Ps. xxxii. (xxxiii.) 22.

Gret doingli (L. V. gretly, magnifice) forsothe thei ben enhauncid in the woordis, with the whiche they ben tart. Id. 3 Esd. ix. 55. This is your (women's) most desire, though ye me kill, wille. Doth as you list, I am here at your

Chaucer. Wif of Bathes Tale, v. 6624. Ye shal eke sene, your father shal you glose To ben a wife, and, as he can wel preche, He shal some Greke so preise, and wel alose, That rauishen he shall you, with his speche, Or do you done, by force, as he shal teche.

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Thre spices hatede my soule; a pore man proud, and a
riche man a liere, and an old man a fool, and dotid. (L.V.
unwitti, insensatum.)- Wic. Ecclus. xxv. 4.

This incapacity makes them imagine, that this rare
Id. Troylus and Cressida, b. iv. v. 1475. painting of the antients was but an old Dotaress, who had

I thought ones I woulden fonde

To doe hire knowe, and understonde

My wo.-The Dreame of Chaucer, v. 1260.

But I ne can the nombre tel

Of stremis smal that, by devise,

Mirth had done come thorough condise (conduits).

Id. Rom. of the Rose, v. 1414.

So that his peine (pains) daie and night
He did.-Gower. Confessio Amantis, b. v. fo. 872.
For witte ne strength maie not helpe,
And whiche else wolde him yelpe

I rathest throwen under foote,

There can no wighte therof do boote.

Id. Ib. b. i. fo. 74. They did do wrijte on the portal of the temple, Loo this is the temple of peas that euer shal endure. The Golden Legend, fo. 5, c. 1. Which opinion, because we account it to be as absurd as they who have fathered the same upon us, we do them to wit, that this is our meaning, and no otherwise.

Hooker. Ecclesiastical Polity, b. viii. p. 430, fo. 1723. DOCTOR, &c. See DOCIBLE.

DOD, v. Ray and Grose say, dodded sheep are sheep without horns; and that dodded, dodder'd, or doddred wheat, is red wheat without beards. Brochet on the other hand, says, that dodder grass is quaking grass. Grose also says, to dodd sheep is, in the North, to cut the wool away about the tail. In Wiclif-to clip; to poll.

Ne ye shulen in rownde dodde heer (L. V. clippe the heer rounde, attondebitis) ne shaue heere.-Wic. Lev. xix. 27. Anoon thei doddiden (L. V. polliden, totonderunt) Joseph lad out of the prisoun.-Id. Gen. xli. 14.

And the more that he doddide the heeris so mych more thei wexen forsothe onys in the zeer he was doddid, for the heere heyde (L. V. greuyd, gravabat) hym. (L.V. clippide, tondebat.)-Id. 2 Kings xiv. 26.

DODIPOLE. See DODD.

DOG for the bow, i. e. used in shooting with.
And eke to January he (Damian) goth as lowe,
As ever did a dogge for the bow.

Chaucer. The Marchantes Tale, v. 9888. What comininge (communicatio) is of an hooli man to a dogge. (In mar. note: That is to a doggische man, and siche is a chider, and a wrathful man, and glotoun.) Wic. Ecclus. xiii. 22.

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Much doel in hir angre.-Id. v. 12041.

Feyne thee to morene (mourn), and be thou clothid with elooth of duyl (var. r. deyl, doel, deel). (E. V. the weyling cloth, veste lugubri.)- Wic. 2 Kings xiv. 2.

DOLOUR, &c. See DOLE.

DOMBE. See DUMB.

DOME. See DOOM.
DOMESTIC.

Within the breste of whom Phylosophy naturel and morall hath chosen her domycill.

The Boke of Tulle of Old Age, 1. za.

DON. DONNE. See DUN.
DONJEON. See DUNGEON.

DOODLE, v. (Do and dal-a part.) dim. of do.
See DADDLE and DIDDLE.

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only slaves in her service.

Evelyn. Of the Perfection of Painting, Preface. DOUBLE.

It (the boc of Psalms) techeth so us in the seuenthe (age) of this lif to werken, and to liuen, that in the eithe of ateen rising wee be not clad with the doublefold cloth of confusioun, but with the stole of double glorifying. Wic. Psalms, Prol. p. 737. On Nov. 20, 1497, all the fleet (under Gama) doubled that promontory (Cape of Good Hope) and steering northward coasted along a rich and beautiful shore. Mickle. Discovery of India. DOUBT. To doubt-is also to cause to fear; to affear or affright.

Forsothe not eche visioun shal be void, nether duynacioun douty (L. V. douteful, ambigua) in the mydil of the sones of Israel.-Wic. Ez. xii. 4.

уро

Thou shalt not strive thee for vaine glorie, ne for crisie, ne for no cause, but only for the doute of Jesu Crist and the hele of thy soule.-Chaucer. Persones Tale. Alle londes Christened therof (Rome) had dotaunce (fear).-Id. Beryn, v. 6. They bare him reuerence, and doubted his puissaunce, his seruauntes drede him. The Boke of Tulle of Old Age, d. 6. The erle douted the prince, bycause he was fierce and corageous.-Berners' Froissart, ii. 60.

The kynge of Portyngale was greatly doubted and honoured of the Portyngales.-Id. Ib. ii. 135.

These good folkes douted dethe.-Id. lb. i. 546.
Pope Urbayne durst not departe for doute.

Id. lb. i. 547. These tidynges troubled the Englysshmen and began to doute.-Id. Ib. ii. 390.

Dolph. Mount them, and make incision in their hides,
That their hot blood may spin in English eyes,
And doubt them with superfluous courage.

Shakespeare. King Henry V. act iv. sc. 2.
The faithfull people grew nie desperate
Of hoped conquest, shameful death they doubt,
Of their distresse they talk and oft debate.

Fairefar. Godfrey of Bulloigne, b. xiii. st. 64. Doubt is a kind of fear, and is commonly called, formido oppositi; and 'tis the same kind of madness for a man to doubt of any thing, as to hope for or fear it, upon a mere possibility.-Wilkins. On Natural Religion, b. i. c. 3. DOUCET. See DULCET.

DOUSE or DOSE-PERES. See DOZEN.
DOW.

Constantyn-Holy Kirke dowed

With lands, &c.-Piers Plouhman, v. 10660. He schal dowe hir, and he shal haue hir to wijf. (L.V. Gen. xliv. 6. giue dower, dotabit.)- Wic.

He shal yeelde the money after the maner of dowing (dotis) that maydens weren wont to take.-Id. Ib. v. 17. From the charcot take the dow'ral gifts Brought with me for the Virgin: to the house Bear them with faithful care.

DOWLE.

Potter. Eurip. Iph. in Aulis, v. 659.

Chews his thoughts doule (to pieces).
Beaumont and Fletcher. Wit without Money, act i. sc. 1.

DOWN. Loca jacentia et depressa sub collibus. Hickes, i. 178. The Downs are hills dipping down to the sea, along the coast of Kent, under which our ships ride in safety. Of the same description are the Dunes on the coast of Holland, whence Dunkirk.

In Wiclif, doun bowid, incurvatus; doun weried, defatigatus; down flowide, defluxit.

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DRAKE, s.

Add-after mud, 1. 7.

In German, it may be added, the Duck, is Ente, (Lat. Anas) and the Drake, Entre-reich (Rex) ductor anatum: dropping the first syllable-En, we have Tereich, whence Treich: Eng. Drake; Sw. Drake. And in Dan. And is Duck, and And-rike, Drake.

DRAM. A small measure (of spirituous liquors). Drammer, one addicted to drinking such Drams. Marg. Then he will soon sink. I foresaw what would come of his dramming.-Foote. The Bankrupt, act iii. DRAST. See DROSS.

It is litil that thou be a seruaunt to me, to reise the lynages of Jacob, and to conuerte the drastis. (E. V. drestus, fæces.)- Wic. Is. xlix. 6; also Jer. xlviii. Ì1.

DRAW, v. A cotemporary of Wiclif uses to Dragh or Draw as equivalent to-to traduce, to translate. Piers Plouhman, pret. drough, drogh, drow, part. drawe.

And lo, a spirit takith hym, and sudenli he crieth, and hurtlith doun and to-drawith (dissipat) with fome and unneth (vix) he goith awei at to-drawynge hym (dilanians). Wic. Luke ix. 39.

Many lewd men (there) are, that gladly wold kon the Gospelle, if it were draghen into English tonge;-Pray the mercy of God that I may fulfille that is set in the draghing of this boke.-Id. Bible. Or. 1550, Pref. p. 10, note." Philocretes, anon the saile up drough Whan that the winde was gode.

DRAY, s.

Chaucer. Hypsipyle and Medea, 1459.

Whilst he (the squirrel) from tree to tree, from spray to

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To whom whanne Joseph cam in eerly, and sawie hem drery, askide him, hem seyinge, Whi dreryer is your face to day than it was wonte. (L. V. sory, tristes.)

Wic. Gen. xl. 7. All were my selfe, through grief, in deadly drearing. Spenser. Daphnaida, v. 189.

F

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DRIP. DRIPPLE.

See, see my naked heart, on this alone,
Imploy your force, this fort is erth to win,
And loue will shoot you from his mightie bow,
Weake is the shot that dripile falls in snow.
Fairefar. Godfrey of Bulloigne, b. xx. p. 388, st. 124.
DRIVEL, 8. Also a low fellow.

His berd was bi-draveled.-Piers Plouhman, v. 2859. And his (Dauid's) drauelis, that is, spotelis (saliva), flowiden doun in to the beerd.- Wic. 1 Kings xxi. 13.

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by the Reformers to the whole body of Schoolmen. He knew what's what, and that's as high

As metaphysic wit can fly;

In school-divinity as able

As he that hight Irrefragable;
A second Thomas, or at once

To name them all, another Dunce;
Profound in all the nominal,

And real ways beyond them all.-Hudibras, pt. i. c. 1. DUNG. DUNGY. The Lat. irrigua terra is in Wiclif's Bible rendered dongy land.

I have spokyn of dongyng of landes in oon of my bookys whiche I haue wretyng to the labourage of the feldys and of the doongyng of the londys.

The Boke of Tulle of Old Age, fo. 13. DUNGEON. Menage derives from Dominiothus Dominione, dominijone, domjone, donjone. Domnio (Ducange) is Domus, principalis et defensiva.H. Wedgwood adopts Menage, maintaining that Dominio-the part of the stronghold, which from its position and structure had the command of the rest-was gradually corrupted into Domnio, Domgio, Dongeo, Fr. Donjon, and that this name was finally bequeathed to such an underground prison as was formerly placed in the strongest part of the for

tress.

That dongeon in the dale,

That dredful is of sighte.-Piers Plouhman, v. 577.

In neither of them (Milton and J. Taylor) shall we find a single sentence, like those meek deliverances to God's mercies, with which Laud accompanied his votes for the mutilations and loathsome dungeoning of Leighton and I shal drunkne (L. V. fille, inebriabo) the with my tere, others.-Coleridge. Poetical Works, i. 287. Apologetic Pref. Esebon, and Eleale.- Wic. Isa. xvi. 9.

And what maner cometh doun weder and snot fro heuene, and thider no mor is turned azean, but drunkneth the erthe. (L. V. fillith, inebriat.)-Id. lv. 11.

Seneca saith a good word douteles:
He saith he can no difference find
Betwix a man that is out of his mind,
And a man whiche that is dronkelew.

DRY.

Chaucer. Pardoneres Tale, v. 12426.

Drink when thow driest.-Piers Plouhman, v. 508.

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DURE.

Forsothe Danyel duryd unto the kyngdam of Darius, and to the kyngdam of Cyrus of Persis. (L. V. dwellide stabli, perseveravit.)-Wic. Dan. vi. 12.

Alle wisdam of the Lord God is, and with hym was evermor, and is biforn aungelis duryng. (L. V. bifore the world, ante ærum.)-Id. Ecclus. I. I.

And ther is not in his dom wickednesse, but strengthe,
and reume, and power, and mageste of alle duringis aboue
time (avorum).-Id. 3 Esd. iv. 40.

Thurgh which hire grete sorwe gan assuage,
She may not alway duren in swiche rage.

DUSK.

Chaucer. The Frankeleine's Tale, v. 11148.

EAS

EAR, v. EARTHLESS. See Quotation from Chaucer in v. Byword, supra.

Earth, in some parts pronounced Yearth, and so written in Chaucer.-His alter is broke, and low lieth in point to gone to the yearth.-Test. of Loue, b. ii. Kings been lords of sea and yearth.-Id. Ib.

Loo, days cummen, saith the Lord, and the erer (arator) shal cacche the reper, and treder of grape the man sendynge seed.- Wic. Amos ix. 13.

And this was his swenene, voisis, and noisis, and thundris, and erthe quaues (L. V. mouyngis, terræ motus), and disturbyng up on the erthe.-Id. Esth. xi. 5.

Forsothe he was a man zeuen to erth tyllyinge. (L.V. erthe tilthe, agriculture.)-Id. 2 Par. xxvi. 10.

As the erthe werking (L. V. cherliche trauel, rusticatio) shewith the frute of, so a wrd of thenking the herte of o man.-Id. Ecclus. xxvii. 7.

Than let it be knone how many acres of errable lande every man hath in tyllage.-Of the Surveying of Lands, by Sir A. Fitzherbert, 1539.

Earthly minds, like mud walls, resist the strongest batteries: and though perhaps sometimes the force of a clear argument may make some impression, yet they neverthe less stand firm, and keep out the enemy-truth-th t would captivate or disturb them.

Locke. Human Understanding, c. xx. § 12.

The Turkish peasants, who dwell in villages and cultivate the ground, are the real agricultural labourers of the country; they generally possess small gardens, and are called yerti, from yere, earth.

Hamilton. Researches in Asia Minor, &c. 1842.

EAR, n.

And Aaron seide to hem, Tak je the goldan eer rynges (inaures) fro the eerys of wyues, and of sones, and of joure douştrees, and bringith to me.- Wic. Ex. xxxii. 2.

Thei shulen putte litil cuppes, and the eryd chalices (L.V. grete cuppis, crateras) to the sacrifices of licouris to be heelde. (L. V. sched.)—Id. Num. iv. 7.

Earish confession; confession whispered into the Ear. Becon.

EARL. Mr. Hoare (English Roots) agrees with Skinner that Earl is from the A. S. Are (or Ear), honour, and Ethel, noble; qd. Honoratus; an etymology which Wachter thinks "too violent;" and considers Earl to be a diminutive of Er, Dominus (see Ere). Mr. Hoare agrees with Wachter (against Spelman) that Earl and Alderman are of different

Forsothe I pershide not for the above comende dere-origin: Wachter considering the Ger. Ellerman
nessis; and (nec) duskness (L. V. myist, caligo) couerede my
face.- Wic. Job xxiii. 17.

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Lo! I to thee dwelleresse (habitatricem) of the sadde (soli-
DUCT. Add-Duc in duc-ere, has the same
radical letters as Teog, in A. S. Teog-an, to tug, toda) valey, and wilde feld, seith the Lord, tee that seyn,
Who shal smyten us, and who shal go in to oure houses?
Wic. Jer. xxi. 13.

tow and also as Dug in dug-an, signifying, consequentially, val-ere, to be valiant or doughty,— A. S. Dug-ende; Lat. Duc-ens, duoes, dux.

DUD, DUDS. Usually applied to dirty, ragged, coarse clothing. See Frieze, infra, from Skelton.

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DWINE.
My looue made me to dwyne (L. V. to be meltid, tabes-
scere): for myn enemys han forțete thi woordis.
Wic. Psalm cxviii. v. 139, also v. 158.

E.

EAGER. Agerdows-Eager-dows-Eagre dulce;
Fr. Aigre doux. Between sweet and sour, or half
sweet, half sour. Cotgrave. See Quotation from
Udal in Dictionary.

And egreliche he loked on me.

Piers Plouhman, v. 10928. For thei maden egre (L. V. bitter, exacerbaverunt) the spechis of God, and the conseil of hezest they terreden (irritaverunt).-Wic. Ps. cvi. 11.

Delyuere hym that wrong suffreth fro the hond of the
proude man, and egreli (acide), or heuily, bere thou not in
thi soule.-Id. Ecclus. iv. 9.

With words devoute and sentence agredows.
Skelton. Garland of Laurell, v. 1250.
34

(D. Ouderman) to be Senior, one who excels in age and experience: and Seniors or Eldermen being among all nations, the appellation of magistrates and men of superior dignity. But Mr. Hoare (after Vorstegan) compounds of Alder or Aller (qv.) and man ; denoting" of all men the best."

EARN. To run.

And than wellede water For wikkede werkes Egreliche ernyng

Out of mennes eighen.-Piers Plouhman, v. 13718.
And he schal be as the tre that hijs sett by the ernynge

of waters (E. V. doun rennyngis, decursus) that schal feue his frut in hijs tyme.- Wic. Ps. i. 3 (in Pref. p. 6).

This Æneas, that hath thus depe iswore,
Is werie of his craft within a throwe,
And the hote ernest (hot earnestness) is all ouerblowe.
Chaucer. Dido, v. 1287.

And whan theie han his lust ygetten
The hote ernes thei all foryeten.

id. Rom. of the Rose, v. 4841.

Sir Gr. Is this in earnest, Lady?
Neece. Oh! unsatiable!

Dost thou count all this but an earnest yet?
I'd thought I'd paid thee all the whole sum, trust me.
Beau. and Fletcher. Wit at several Weapons, act iii.

EAR-WIG. Lat. Eruca. The Eruke, qv. from To insinuate which Earwig is corrupted. Wallis. into the ear (as the insect is supposed to creep).

No longer was he earwigged by the Lord Cravens, who worship a favourite.

Lord Campbell. Lives of the Chancellors, v. iii. p. 489.

EASY.

And well an hundred times gan he to sike;
Not soche sorowful sighes as men make,
For wo, or elles when that folk be sike,
But esie sighes, sochè as ben to like,
That shewed his affection within.

Chaucer. Troylus and Cressida, iii. 1363.
Out of the temple esiliche he wente (quietly, gently).
Id. Troylus and Cressida, i. 317.

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EBON.

Thei chaungiden togidre in thi prijs teeth of Iuer, and of hebenyf,-that is a tre, that aftir that it is kit, waxith hard as ston.- Wic. Ez. xxvii. 17.

ECCLESIAST. Tyndale in his Answer to Sir Thomas More's Dialogue (p. 15, Parker's Society edition) defends himself for rendering the Lat. Ecclesia by Congregation rather than Church.

ECHE. See EACH and EKE.

ECLIPSE. See CLIPS.

For it (Love) shall chaungen wonder sone,
And take eclips as doth the mone,
Whan that she is from us ylet-
Through erth, that betwixt is set,
The sonne and her, as it may fall,
Be it in parti or in all.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose, v. 5337. EDER, s. So the Early Version of Wiclif's Bible renders the Lat. Hedera. The Later Version has Iuy. See Jonas, c. iv. In Tyndale it is "the wylde vyne," and in Modern Version, the gourd.

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I egotize in my letters to thee, not because I am of much importance to myself, but because to thee, both Ego, and all that Ego does is interesting.

Cowper to Lady Hesketh, June 6, 1789.

EIR, EIRE, EYER. See AIR.

EISEL, s. (Aisel, aysel, aycel. Wiclif.)
And anon oon of hem rennynge, fillide a spounge, taken
with aycel or vinegre (aceto) and puttide it to a reed, and
gaue to hym for to drinke.- Wic. Mat. xxvii. 48. (E. V.)
And thow shalt greithe (make redi) eysel veselis (aceta-
bula) and phiols.-Id. Er. xxv. 29.

EITHER, or ;-OTHER (qv.) is used in like man

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EKE.

Id. The Duchesse, v. 1000.

Eche se dower (L. V. encreese, augete), and aske ze ziftis, gladly Y shal yue that je asken; oonly zyf ze to me this damsele to wijf.- Wic. Gen. xxxiv. 12.

Forsothe I shal put up on Dibon eechingus. (L. V. increesyngis, additamenta.)-Id. Is. xv. 9.

And he (Esau) ekyde to (L. V. addide, subjunxit); Justli is the name of hym clepid Jacob.-Id. Gen. xxvii. 36. ELATE, v.

Why should there not be such an elater or spring in the soul.-Cudworth. Sermons, p. 82.

Persons viciously inclined want no wheels to make them actively vicious; as having the elater and spring of their own natures to facilitate their iniquities. Browne. Christian Morals, pt. ii. § 20. Wic. writes Alder or eldre; aldren or

ELD, v.

EDISH, s. A. S. Edisc. Latter grass; or grass eldren. And graund-fadir in L. V. is elde-fader in of a second growth, of an undergrowth.

If all shulde lye common, than wolde the edyche of the corne feldes, and the undermath of all the medowes be eten in x or xii dayes.

Sir A. Fitzherbert. Of the Surveying of Lands. EDUCATIONAL. A word of very recent introduction, now in common use; e. g. The Educational Journal, i. e. a journal appropriated to discussions of matters pertaining to Education.

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Were yielding effortless and waiting death.

Southey. Thalaba, b. iv. § 19.

EFFRONT, v. To have or cause to have front; firmness or hardness of front.

I am naturally bashful, nor hath conversation, age, or travel been able to effront or enharden me.

Browne. Religio Medici, pt. i. § 40.

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E. V.

The clothis of hem eeldeden not. (L. V. wexiden not eelde, non inveteraverunt.)— Wic. 2 Esd. ix. 21.

Thi cloth, by which thou were hilid, failide not for eldnesse. (E. V. for eelde, vetustate.)-Id. Deut. viii. 4. ELDER (tree).

Impe on an ellere tree
And if thyn appul be swete
Muchel merveille me thinketh.
Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 5471.
Judas
. on an eller
Hanged hym selve.-Id. v. 596.

ELECTRE.

And fro the leendis of hym (the Lord) and aboue, as biholdynge of shynynge, as seynge of electre,-that is metal maad of gold and siluer, brister than gold (electri). Wic. Ez. viii. 2. ELEMENT.

Of elements
The grosser feeds the pure, earth the sea,
Earth and sea feed air, the air those fires
Ethereal, and, as lowest, first the moon.

Milton. Par. L. v. 415. In his (Aristotle's) Analysis of Material Objects, his researches penetrate far beyond those vulgar and spurious elements, first proposed by Empedocles, earth, water, fire, and air; which are so far from being simple and unalterable that may be converted with great facility, and are in fact perpetually changing-the one into the other. Gillies. Analysis of Aristotle, v. i. p. 118.

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Elenge is the halle,

Ech day in the wike

Ther the Lord, ne the Lady,

Liketh not to sitte.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 5795.
Alisaundre, that al wan,

Elengliche ended.-Id. Ib. v. 5731.

Ne be ye not ashamed that Dan John
Shal fasting as this day elenge (al. long) gon?
Chaucer. Shipm. Tale, v. 13162.

Ther heard I the Nightingale say,
Now good Cuckow go somewhere away,
And let us that can singen dwellen here,
For every wight escheweth thee to here,
Thy songes ben so elenge in good fay.

Id. Cuckow and Nightingale, v. 115.

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The dark green wanes with emerald hue Imbue the beams of day.

EMERSION.

EMMET.

Southey. Curse of Kehama, xvi. § 1. See EMERGE.

As thycke as ameten crepeth in an amete hulle.

Robert of Gloucester, p. 296. Go to the emmet (Wic. anpte. L. V. amte. See Ant) (thou slogard), consyder her wayes, and terne to be wise. Bible, 1549. Prov. vi. 6. The emmettes (Wic. amptis) are but a weake people, yet gather they their meate together in the haruest. Id. lb. xxx. 25. EM-PALE, v. To pale or cause to be pale. No sorrow now hangs cloudy on their brow, No bloodless malady empales their face.

G. Fletcher. Christian's Triumph after Death. EM-PARK, v. Fr. Emparché, impounded; Cot. Emparcher. Eufermer dans un parc. Roquefort. See PARK, and the quotation from Shakespeare. The wild bore of the forest, wilder than the wilderness itself, that will not be held nor emparked within any laws or limits.

Bp. King. Vine Palatine (1614), p. 32 (in Todd). EM-PIGHT.

Howe is it that in you is so mokell werkinge vertues enpight as me seemeth, and in none other creature that ener I sawe with myne eyen.-Chaucer. Test. of Loue, b. i.

EM-POISON.

For thei enpoisone the peple

Pryveliche and oft.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 1520.
EM-PRINT.

By processe, as ye knowen everich on,
Men may so longe graven on a ston
Til som figure therein emprented be;
So long han they comforted hire til she
Received hath, by hope and by reson,
The emprinting of hir consolation
Thurgh which hire grete sorwe gan assuage.

Chaucer. The Frankeleine's Tale, v. 1145, v. 1148.
EMULE, v.

Emulation is merely the desire and hope of equality with, or superiority over others, with whom we compare ourselves. To desire the attainment of this equality or superiority by the particular means of others being brought down to our own level, or below it, is, I think, the distinct notion of envy.-Butler. Sermon 1, n.

EN. This termination appears in the Gr. Tɛ-ívoç, earthen; Evλ-iv-og, wooden. En was also the common termination of our Genitive, and also plural of both Nouns and Verbs.

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