Baskets filled with earth for the defence of annoniers, (Minshew and Cotgrave.)

The other side which was toward the riuer was inclosed rith a pallisado of plankes of timber after the maner that Cabions are made.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 325.

L

GA'DDISHNESS. GA'DLING, n.

Probably formed upon the past part. of the verb to go or ga, go-ed, gode, or ga-ed, gade. To go, to go about, in and out, up and down, to be frequently, constantly going; to

The fourth day were planted vnder the gard of the cloister stray, wander, rove or ramble about.

To demy-canons, and two coluerings against the towne, fended or gabbioned with a crosse wall, thorow the which ir battery lay.-Id. Ib. vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 140.

GABLE. i. e. Cable, (qv.)

But the reason of their foolishnes in striking up their ums before they were come neere them, the Cassaks disdering the boats, cut their gables, and put out to sea.

Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 397. For that they had neither oares, mastes, sailes, gables, or y thing else ready of any gally.-Id. Ib. vol. ii. p. 134. GABLE. Ger. Gibel; Dut. Gevel; Sw. GA'BLE-END. Gafwel; Low Lat. Gabulum: mmitas vel frontispicium domûs. Of which ys Wachter) three origins have been proposed: e German, by Kilian, from Heben, to raise, to ave, upwards, as if properly written Gehevel; second, the Gr. Kepaλn, the head, by Junius; i a third, Hebrew, by Helvigius. The Goth. bla, Junius explains, summa structuræ totius remitas; the highest extremity of the whole Iding.

lase the gable. and grave thr goure name.

Piers Plouhman, p. 40.

That we may go, nd breke an hole on high upon the gable nto the gardin ward, over the stable.

Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3572.

Il the seid fynyshing and performing of the seid towre i fynyalls, ryfaat gabbletts, batelments, orbis, or crosse tters, and every other thynge belongyng to the same to rell and workmanly wrought.

Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i. App.

he houses stand sidewaies backward into their yards, onely endwaies with their gables towards the street. Fuller. Worthies. Exeter.

affect not these high gable-ends, these Tuscan tops, nor ⚫ coronets, nor your arches, nor your pyramids.

B. Jonson. Poetaster, Act iii. sc. 1.

A. S. Gad, cuspis, stiga, stimulus,

AD FLY.} the point of a weapon, a spear or

w-head, a sting, prick or goad. Gad, gadd, Le. gaad. Hence (happily) our gad of steele iron, i. massa chalybis vel ferri, (Somner.) 1 gad-fly, q. d. goad-fly, quia instar stimuli git; because it pricks, like a goad. See aner and Lye (in Junius:) Minshew, because makes the cattle gadde up and downe with ging them. See GAD, the verb, and GOAD.

fore theis were fastened altogether within the grounde eringlye euerye where wyth a littell space betwyxt 4, stakes of a foot long stickt full of iron hookes, and thei called gaddes, [quos stimulos nominabant.] Goldinge. Cæsar, fol. 226.

y are a young huntsman, Marcus, let it alone: id come, I will goe get a leafe of brasse; id with a gad of steele will write these words id lay it by.-Shakes. Titus Andronicus, Act iv. sc. 1. Glo. Kent banish'd thus? and France in choller parted? nd the King gone to night? Prescrib'd his powre, nfin'd to exhibition? all this done on the gad?

Id. Lear, Act i. sc. 1.

1 the medicines before-named which are to be taken ne, ought to bee heat with a gad of steele, quenched in iquor.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxvi. c. 8.

> fawning dogs some times I gaue a bone,

nd flung some scraps to such as nothing had : ut in my hands, still kept a golden gad.

Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 517.

Like some young eifer, (which by a furious gad-fly stung,) uitting the fields, in shady forests strays. Sherburn. The Rape of Helen.

ight fly his slumbers, if perchance a flight
f angry gad-flies fasten on the herd;
hat startling scatters from the shallow brook,
n search of lavish streams.

Thomson. Summer.

Ac thys luther gadelyng, that thys gode kyng so slou
To Kyng Knout wende anon glade ynou.
R. Gloucester, p. 311.
That othe gates ben gete for gadelynes aren holde
And fals folke and foundelynges. faitours and lyers.
Piers Plouhman, p. 181.

This likede lyf. and fortune hus lemman
And geten in hire glorie. a gadelyng atte laste
On that muche wo wrouhte. Sleuthe was hus name.
Id. p. 400.

These bowes two held Swete Loking That semed like no gadling.—Chaucer. Rom. of the R. If they were widowes, yet was the sight vncomely and the example vngodly, specially among the Gentyles to gadde after men in so long a iourneye, as is Corinth from Hierusalem.-Bale. Apology, fol. 131.

It was about Easter at what time maides gadded abroade, after they had taken their Maker, as they call it. Wilson. Art of Logike, fol. 84. Gadders, pylgrymes and ydoll sekers.

Bale. Apology, fol. 98. The supersticious idolatrours of al generations the most execrable, as masse mongers, bede babblers, salt seekers, image lyghters, gadders to Compostel, Rome, &c. Id. Image, pt. iii. Gapynges, gaddynges, ydoll sensynges, & watter coiurynges, wyth many other fine toyes, whych all came from Rome. Id. Apology, fol. 109. He that dothe belch out puffing rymes, and gaddingly doth straye,

Is like the fowler, who to catche
his birdes, as olde men say,
Gaue backe for nonce, into a trenche, &c.

Drant. Horace. Arte of Poetry.
The wandering gadling in the sommer tide,
That finds the adder with his rechlesse foote,
Startes not dismayde so sodeinly aside

As jealouse despite did, though there were no boote: When that he saw me sitting by her side, That of my health is very crop and roote.

Wyatt. Of the Jelous Man, &c.

A quiet mind, a patient mood,
And not disdaining any:
Not gybing, gadding, gawdie; and
Her faculties were many.

Warner. Albion's England, b. iv. c. 20. Whereas on the shores stoode closely together great numbers of Brytaines, and among them wommen gadding vppe and downe frantickly in mourning weedes, theyr hayre hanging about their eares, and shaking firebrandes.

Stow. The Romaynes, an. 62. Thee, shepherd, thee the woods and desert caves With wild thyme and the gadding vine o'ergrown, And all their echoes mourn. Milton. Lycidas.

In the mean while the priestes within England had prouided them a false and counterfeated prophet called Peter Wakefielde, a Yorkshireman, who was a hermite, an idle gadder about, and a pratlyng marchant.

Grafton. King John, an. 13. Finally thus he concludeth, saiyng: that in case in this his request he be not heard, he will so prouide by the seas, that there shall be no such gadding nor coursing ouer any more to Rome, suffering the riches of the lande anye more to be exported ouer, whereby he should himself be the lesse able to withstand his enemies.-Id. Ib. an. 10.

Ye elders, be such in grave & pious carriage, whatsoever be your years; for young men may be so, and possibly grey hairs may have nothing under them but gadishness, and folly many years old.-Leighton. On 1 Peter, iii. 13.

One would be apt to think, that, as some have conjectured, their keeping up their fondness for this fashion were a stratagem of the men's, to keep them from gadding and gossiping about, and to confine them at home.

Dampier. Voyages, an. 1687.

Whilst we are environed with numerous outward objects, which, smiling on us, give our gaddings to them, the temptation of an inviting welcome; how inclined are we to forget, and wander from our great Master? Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 384. Hie thee, poor pilgrim, to yon neighb'ring bow'r, O'er which an old oak spreads his awful arm, Mantled in brownest foliage, and beneath The ivy, gadding from th' untwisted stem, Curtains each verdant side. Mason. Elfrida.

Could any curtain lectures bring

To decency so fine a thing?

In short, by night, 'twas fits or fretting;
By day, 'twas gadding or coquetting.

Goldsmith. The Double Transformation. GAFFER. "A. S. Ge-fæder, compater, susceptor, a God-father. Hence happily, our Gaffer," (Somner.) See GAMMER. Junius thinks it may be corrupted from the A. S. Gefere; “a fellow, a companion, a mate." (See FERE.) Lye (in Junius), a corruption of good-father.

They'll break up school to bear thee company,
Thou wilt be such a pastime, and whoot at thee,
And call thee bloody bones, and spade, and spit-fire,
And gaffer madman.
Beaum. & Fletch. The Captain, Act iii. sc. 5

And soon the loving pair agreed
By this same system to proceed;
And through the parish, with their how d'ye,
Go to each gaffer and each goody.

Fawkes. On a Country Vicar. GAFFLE. Minshew says,-A_ Gaffell for a cross-bow. Sp. Gafa, from the Dut. Gaffel, a fork; (in A. S. Gaflas.) Delpino calls gafas, the bender of a cross-bow. The gaffell, Mr. Nares asserts, is the lever by which the bow was drawn. Cotgrave renders,-Bandage, the gaffle of a crossebow.

My cross-bow in my hand, my gaffle on my rack,
To bend it when I please, or if I list to slack.

GAG, v. GAG, n. GA'GGER.

}

Drayton. Muses' Elysium, Nymph. 6. From the A. S. Cagg-ian, obserare, (Tooke) to shut fast or lock. To shut up, block up, (sc. from speaking,) to confine from speaking. The gag was a species of torture. See Goggare, in Du Cange.

Musicians in England have vsed to put gagges in children's mouthes, that they might pronounce distinctly, but now with the losse and lacke of musick, the loue also is gone of bringing up children to speak plainly.

Wilson. The Arte of Rhetorique, p. 223.

A christian boy in Constantinople had like to have been stoned for gagging in a waggishness, a long billed fowl. Bacon. Ess. Of Goodness.

Who being moved at the strange report, That one alone the monster should assaile, And gag him with an anker in such sort To make his strength, and life, and all to faile, Then draw him to the shore as ship to port Is tow'd with ropes, without or oares or saile. Harrington. Orlando, b. xi. s. 48. Procuring a command from him (his Majesty) to prohibite all writing or preaching about those points, having thereby gagged their adversaries, did let the press and the pulpit loose more than ever to propagate their own doctrines. Marvell. Works, vol. iii. p. 76.

- Tigelline

But touch, thou shalt in that taper shine Wherein they stand and burn; whose own foul smoke, And a sharp gag under their throats half-choke. Holiday. Juvenal, Sat. 1. When I first undertooke to answer that very worthless author, the gagger of all Protestants' mouthes for ever, I did it with a firmed purpose to leave all private opinions, and particular positions or oppositions whatsoever, unto their owne authors or abettors, eyther to stand or fall of themselves.-Mountagu. Appeale to Cæsar, Epis. Ded.

Is it peace, because the man is gagged and cannot, or overawed and dares not, cry out of oppression? South, vol. x. Ser. 6.

Some have their mouths gagged to such a wideness, for a long time, whereat such quantities of water are poured in, that their bellies swell to a prodigious degree, and then being pierced with a faucet, spigot, or other instrument for the purpose, the water spouts out in great abundance.

Fortescue. De laudibus, by Gregor, c. 22.

Under the professed design of confuting and decrying the usurpations of a Popish hierarchy, they virtually deprived the church of every power and privilege, which, as a simple society, she had a claim to; and on the matter, delivered her up gagged and bound, as the rebel-creature of the state. Warburton. Divine Legation, b. iv. Ded.

GAGE, v. Fr. Gager, gage; It. Gaggia,-GAGE, n. Sall, Skinner asserts, from the Lat. Vas, vadis. Tooke,-from the A. S. Cagg-ian, obserare, (to shut up, to confine,) and he defines gage, "that by which a man is bound to certain fulfilments," (ii. 375.) See To ENGAGE.

To bind to certain performances or fulfilments; to pledge, to stake.

And if there be any man wyll saye (except your persone) that I wold any thinge otherwise than well to you or to your people, here is my guage to the cotrarie.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 15.

Num ille oppignerare filiam meam me invito potuit? Myght he lay my daughter in pledge, or to gage whether I would or not?-Udal. Flowers of Latine Speaking, fol. 173.

Considering also with howe many benefites and speciall guges of loue we are bound both to God and Christ. Id. Romaines, c. 8.

Against the which, a moity competent
Was gaged by our King.-Shakes. Hamlet, Act i. sc. 1.

But my cheefe care,

Is to come fairely off from the great debts
Wherein my time something too prodigall

Hath left me gay'd.-Id. Merchant of Venice, Acti. sc. 1.

Sir John Philpot, cittizen of London, deserues great comendacions, who wt his own money released the armour which the souldiours had gaged for their victualls, more than a thousand in number.-Stow, an. 1380. Rich. II.

There take my gage, behold I offer it

To him that first accused him in this cause,
Or any else that dare, and will maintaine
That for his pride the Prince was justly slaine.

Fairefax. Godfrey of Boulogne, b. v. s. 58.

In any truth that gets not possession of our minds by the irresistible light of self-evidence, or by the force of demonstration, the arguments that gain its assent are the vouchers and gage of its probability to us.

Locke. Of Hum. Underst. b. iv. c. 19. The sheriff is commanded to attach him, by taking gage, that is certain of his goods, which he shall forfeit if he doth not appear; or by making him find safe-pledges or sureties who shall be amerced in case f his non-appearance. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iii. c. 19.

GA'GGLE, v. GA'GGLING, n.

Dut. Gaghen, gaghelen; Ger. Gagen.

To gaggle like a goose, from the sound or noise, (says Minshew) which they make, gag, gag.

But when the priest is at seruice no man sitteth, but gagle and ducke like so many geese.

Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 241.

And land birds, also, (many of them) delight in bathing, and moist aire, for the same reason also, many birds doe proine their feathers; and geese doe gagle; and crowes seem to call upon raine: all which is but the comfort they seem to receive in the relenting of the aire.

Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 823.

Once they were like to haue surprised it by night, but being descried by the gagling of geese, M. Manlius did awaken, and keep them from entrance.

Ralegh. History of the World, b. iv. c. 7. s. 1.

If I have company they are a parcel of chattering magpies; if abroad, I am a gagling goose.-Guardian, No. 132.

GAIN, v.
GAIN, n.
GAINER.

GA'INFUL.
GA'INFULLY.

GA'INING, n. GA'INLESS.

Skinner says, from the Fr. Gaigner; Menage and Junius derive the Fr. Gaigner; Sp. Ganar; It. Guadagnare, from the Ger. Ge- winnen, lucrari. (See also Winnen, in Wachter.) And Tooke,Gain, i. e. any thing acquired, is the past part. gewan of the verb Ge-winnan, acquirere," to acquire, that is, to seek for, to labour to obtain; and, consequentially, to obtain.

GAINLESSNESS. GA'INLY.

66

The A. S. Ge-winful, (gainful,) is, striving, labouring or contending for; and thus, in Beaum. & Fletch. may signify, full of strife, contention or resistance and gain, used adjectively, is consequentially,

Diligent, active, expert, apt, fit, suitable, convenient, ready.

See Ray, Grose, Brocket, Moore, and Nares, and also Gain in Jamieson. All the provincial usages noted by the four former come easily within this consequential application. To gain

is

To acquire; and thus, to attain or obtain, to reach, to get, to procure, to win.

I trowe the gaynage of the ground, in a gret shyre,
Nold aparaile that place, oo poynt tyl other ende.
Piers Plouhman. Crede.
But for all this, whan that he seeth his time
He held his pees, non other bote him gained.

Chaucer. Troilus, b. i.

God loved he beste with alle his herte
At alle times, were it gain or smerte,
And than his neighbour right as himselve.

Id. The Prologue, v. 536.

Yea, though he gaine and cram his purse with crownes,
And therewith scape the foeman's force in fielde,
He nought foreseeth what treasons dwells in townes,
Ne what mishappes his yll got goods may yeelde.
Gascoigne. The Fruites of Warre.

But ware, I say, so gold thee helpe and spede,
That in this case thou be not so unwise,
As Pandar was in such a like dede,
For he the foole of conscience was so nice,
That he no gaine would haue for all his paine.

Wyatt. How to use the Court and Himselfe therein. Emongest so many good chaunces, some euell are accustomed to fall and happen, or else the gayners will not knowe theimselfes.-Hall. Hen. VI. an. 12.

We haue this saiyng, the force of England hath and doth, surmount the force of France: but the engenious witte of the Frenchemen excell the dull braynes of Englishmen ; for in al battailes you haue been the gainers, but in leagues and treaties, our wittes haue made you losers. Id. Edw. IV. an. 13. But to do good to them that haue little or nothing that is worth thanks, therefore pay they the last [legacy] before the first, for that there intent seemeth rather to be vertuous than gainefull.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 74.

And therefore, whereas men liued brutishly in open fieldes, hauing neither house to shroude them in, nor attire to clothe their backes, nor yet any regard to seeke their best auaile these appointed of God called them together by vtteraunce of speche, and perswaded with them what was good, what was bad, and what was gainful for mankind. Wilson. Arte of Rhetorique, Pref.

God which counteth that to be doone vnto hym, whiche is for hys loue bestowed upon saintes, is sufficiently able, albeit ye receyue no recompence of menne, to make your almes dedes gaynfully to returne vnto you.-Udai. Corinth. c. 9.

So, ladie, now to you I doo complaine
Against your eies, that iustice I may gaine.

Spenser, son. 12. For so the wise man sayth, he which showeth mercy to the poore, doth lay his money in banke to the Lord, for a large interest, and gaine: the gaine being chiefly the possession of the life euerlasting, through the merits of our Saviour Jesus Christ.-Homilies. Homily of Alms-deeds, pt. i.

Here is the triall of a loyal heart to God, to prefer virtue before vice then, when in humane reason vertue shall be the looser, vice the gainer.-Mede. Works, b. i. Dis. 33.

And yet full few, which follow them I see
For vertue's bare regard advaunced bee,
But either for some gainfull benefit,
Or that they may for their owne turnes befit.

Spenser. Mother Hubberd's Tale. Now concerning David, it is not unlikely, but that those captives which were not employed in husbandry, were many of them used by him in all sorts of gainful profession, as the ancient Romans in like manner used their slaves.

Ralegh. History of the World, b. ii. c. 17. s. 9. Jul. He will be very rough. Mast. We are us'd to that, Sir, And we as rough as he, if he give occasion. Jul. You will find him gainful,-but be sure ye curb him, And get him, if ye can fairly, to his lodging.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Pilgrim, Act iv. sc. 3.

He was inflexible to any mercy, unsatiable in his gainings, equally snatching at small and great things, so much that he went shares with the thieves.-Usher. Annals, an. 4068. Dear, tell me where thy purchase lies, and show, What thy advantage is above, below; But if thy gainings do surmount expression, Why doth the foolish world scorn that profession, Whose joys pass speech?

Donne. To Mr. T. on his taking Orders.

[A sin] so absolutely gainless to himself in his vilest capacity, even as a sensual brute. Hammond. Works, vol. iv. p. 514.

Why has he four knees, and his hinder legs bending inwards, as also a protuberancy under his breast to lean on, but that, being a tall creature, he might with ease kneel down, and so might the more gainly be loaden?

H. More. An Antidote against Atheism, b. ii. c. 10. Let Maestricht's siege enlarge your name; And your retreat at Charleroy; Warriors by flying may gain fame, And, Parthian-like, their foes destroy.

Waller. To the Prince of Orange.

Luxurious Cæsar shamefully supine,
Foregoes his gains, and for a kiss or smile
Sells the dear purchase of his martial toil.

Hughes. Lucan. Pharsalia, b. x.

Besides the Lord Saint-John, and Colonel Esser, the names of the rest of that party were so obscure, that neither the one side seemed to be gainers, by having taken or kid them, nor the other side to be losers by being without the Clarendon. Civil War, vol. il p

No gainful office gives him the pretence
To grind the subject, or defraud the Prince.

Dryden. The Hind and the Panther The parallel holds in the gainlessness, as well as the laboriousness of the work; those wretched creatures (mer) buried in earth and darkness, were never the richer fa the ore they digged; no more is the insatiate miser. Decay of Christian Pie'y

A gentleman who farms a part of his own estate a paying the expense of cultivation, should gain both the re of the landlord and the profit of the farmer. He is a denominate, however, his whole gain, profit, and thus com founds rent with profit, at least in common language.

Smith. Wealth of Nations, b.i. c

Many important advantages have incidently arisen fr the agitation of the question, [Slave-trade,] and the cause humanity has upon the whole been a considerable geiser the conflict.-Porteus, vol. i. Ser. 17. App.

This weakness in human nature gave occasion to a par of men to make such gainful markets as they have done our credulity.-Goldsmith. The Bee, No. 8.

The saving of so very small a sum, or even the going of another, which could not well be much larger, are ca too inconsiderable, it may be thought, to deserve the ser attention of government.

Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. iv.c

GAIN-COME. Coming again; return.

But whan he saw passed both day and hour
Of her gaincome, in sorow can oppresse,
His woful hart, in care and heauiness.

Chaucer. The Testament of Cres
Soon ther tresowre up they drowe,
And ther stedys strong ynowe,

And made ther schyppys tome: [teem]
They lefte a burges feyre and wheme,
All thir schyppys for to yeme, [take care of]
Unto thir gayne-come.

La Bone Florence of Rome, Rilson, vel i GAIN-GIVING. A giving against; giving wa against; misgiving.

Ham. It is but foolery; but it is such a kinde of going as would perhaps trouble a woman.

GAIN-SAY, v.
GA'INSAYER.
GA'INSAYING, N.

oppose, to object.

Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act v. se

'Gainst, and say, contr and dicere.

To contra dict, to deay.

If he it geynsay, I wille proue it on him.

R. Bruas, His brother Henry is heyre of all his tenement. Of alle Normandie, withouten geynsayag.

Id p. 1 Haf alle that ge wan withouten gansaying.—Id. p. 144. Yet I nill gainsaie matrimonie, But melius est nubere quam vri.

Chaucer. The Remedie of L That is, ye determine sodenly in hard thyngs of gr as if ye had studied for it a thousand yeres: a gaynsay you, ye take him as a mortal enemy.

Golden Boke, Let

They after a few dayes tariaunce, brought in a great me of grayne out of the country of the Cadurks, who party wyllyng to help them therwith, and partly durst Let g theyr takinge of it, bycause they were not able to take t part good against them.-Goldyng. Cæsar, fol. 261.

The fearfull chorl durst not gainesy nor dove,
But trembling stood, and yielded him the pray.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i e

If St. Paul had not foreseene that there should be sayers, he had not neede to haue appointed the eerful of gainsaying; was there ever yet preachers, but there gainsayers that spurned, that winst, that whimpered him, that blasphemed, that gainesayed it.

Latimer. The Third Sermon before King E Sithence which time God's people hath alwaies in al without any gainsaying, used to come together per Sunday, to celebrate, and honour the Lord's blessed and carefully to keep that day in holy rest, and quietest Homilies. Of the Place and Time of Fray

The gainsaying or resisting mentioned in the text. either signify the bare acts of gainsaying or resisting (7) success and prevalence of the said acts against the purs so gainsaid or resisted.-South, vol. v. Ser. 11.

It is most probable, that God (to prevent controvers occasions of doubt, and excuses for errour about so g matter) would not have failed to have declared it so j as might serve to satisfie any reasonable man, arte vince any froward gainsayer.-Barrow. The Pope's Sup

You will carefully observe, my reverend brethren, that when I compare the effect and fruit of study with the gift and operation of the Holy Ghost, I speak of that operation only which produced a miraculous information of the understanding of the first preachers, and chiefly for the purpose of controversy with gainsayers.-Horsley. Charge, 1796.

GAINST. For against, (qv.)

They marched fayrely forth of nought ydred, Both firmely arm'd for every hard assay, With constancy and care, gainst daunger and dismay. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 12.

GAIN-STAND. Gainst, and stand. To stand against, to resist, to oppose, to withtand.

Durynge which Parliamēt, dissēciō fell atwene ye Kyng nd Thomas, Archebysshop of Cauterbury, for dyuerse actis tordynaŭcis yt the Kyng there procured to passe agayn the berties of holy churche, ye which Thomas gaynstode & enyed.-Fabyan, vol. i. c. 237.

This wise aduice notwithstanding, destiny so driuing him, e gainstood, imputing it a part of dishonour, and not be tting a souldier, (as hee alwaies had beene,) to leaue the eld coward-like, when greatest glory was to be wonne.

Speed, b. viii. c. 7. s. 33. Harold, an. 1063. And why? because none was found so faithfull to God,

at he durst enterprise to resist, nor gainstand the manist impietie of their princes.

The Apellation of John Knox, p. 21.

GAIN-STRIVE. 'Gainst, and strive.

To strive, struggle, or contend against, to resist.

For on the spoyle of women he doth liue,

Whose bodies chaste, when euer in his powre,

He may them catch, vnable to gaine-striue,

He with his shameful lust doth firste defloure,
And afterwards themselves doth cruelly deuoure.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 7.

In case yet all the Fates gainstrive us not,
Neither shall we, perchance, die unreveng'd.
Now have I liv'd, O Rome, enough for me.
Nicholas Grimoald. M. T. Cicero's Death, in Ellis, vol. ii.
GAIT.

Also written Gate. Skinner says, GAITED. Gate, via, (i. e. the way gone,) a mmon word in Lincolnshire; q.d. iter, tranus. Dut. Gat; Ger. Gasse, from the A. S. an, to go. It is not only applied to theWay gone; but to the going, the motion in ng; the manner of, the gesture in going, wher running, walking, flying or swimming,—on th, in air or water; also, to the state or condin for motion or action.

'eter the Apostel parceyvede hus gate,

and as he wente upon the water wel hym knewe and seyde

Domine jube me venire ad te.-Piers Plouhman, p. 352.

Therein was conteynyd yt he shulde beware & haue hym e in good gayte, for the vnyte & peace whiche lately was lysshed atwene the Kynge and Charlys his brother, was neypallye to dere & warre vpo hym, and to brynge hym ubieccyon.-Fabyan, vol. ii. an. 1458.

or well I weene, thou canst not but envie ly wealth, compar'd to thine owne misery, hou art so leane and meagre waxen late, hat scarce thy legs vphold thy feeble gate.

Gay Bacchus little Cupid stung
By reckoning his deceits;
And Cupid mock'd his stammering tongue
With all his staggering gails. Parnell. Anacreontic.
He had very narrow shoulders, and no calf; and his gait

might be more properly called hopping than walking. Fielding. Joseph Andrews, b. iv. c. 9.

GAITER, n.Į The Fr. Guestres, Cotgrave GA'ITER, V. Scalls "startups, high shooes, or Guestré, gamashes for countrey folks;" and " having startups on." Menage derives from gamache; thus, "gamacha, gamastra, gastra, guaistre, guestre." His editor is conscious of the harshness of this etymology, but pretends to none better. The word is of no great antiquity in English.

GALAXY. Gr. Taλažias Kuкλos, lacteus cirSee the quoculus, from yaλa, yaλakтos, milk. tation from Derham.

Lo (qd. he) cast up thine eye
Se yonder lo, the galaxie,
The which men clepe the milky way
For it is white.

Chaucer. House of Fame, b. ii.

His spotless soul did from his body fly,
And hover in the heav'nly galaxy,
Whence he looks down, and lets the living see,
What he was once and what we ought to be.

Brome. A Funeral Elegy on Mr. Aubrey.

A broad and ample rode, whose dust is gold,
And pavement stars, as stars to thee appear,
Seen ir the Galaxie, that milkie way,
Which nightly as a circling zone thou seest
Pouder'd with stars.
Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vii.

The Galaxy being well known to be the fertile place of new stars, the region in which they commonly appear, I am much inclined to be of opinion, that the whiteness there is not caused by the bare light of the great number of fixt stars

in that place, as hath commonly been thought, but partly

by their light, and partly (if not chiefly,) by the reflections of their Planets.-Derham. Astro-Theology, Prel. Disc.

But the relation and connexion between the 12th and 13th verses [Job, xxvi.] not being observed, several eminent commentators, both Jews and Christians, were inclined to understand the crooked serpent as signifying the great constellation so named, situate near the arctic pole; or, at least, that enormous trail of light called the Galaxy, or via lactea. Warburton. The Divine Legation, b. vi. s. 2.

I feel the gales, that from ye blow,

A momentary bliss bestow,

As waving fresh their gladsome wing,
My weary soul they seem to sooth,
And, redolent of joy and youth,
To breathe a second Spring.

Gray. Ode on a Distant View of Eton College.

GALL, v. GALL, n. GA'LLESS. GA'LLINGNESS.

A. S. Gealla; Dut. and Ger. Galle; Sw. Galla, which Junius thinks are not far removed from the Gr. Xoλn, bilis. Becan (he adds) considers galle so called as if geale or geele, on account of its yellow colour The A. S. Ge-alan, accendere, to kindle, is given by Tooke as the origin of the English yellow and it is not improbable that the A. S. Gealla, the gall, may have sprung from this same verb; being, as Gower expresses it, the proper seat "of the drie coler with his heate." See also the quotation from Pliny.

And the English verb to gall, Fr. Galler,To heat, to irritate, to exasperate, to chafe, to fret, to vex, to corrode, eat or wear into; to harass. Gall, the noun, (from its taste,) met.-bitterness, angriness, rancour, malignity, ill will. And who that is ielous, & aye in a drede Is full of melancolie and gallie ire. His wiue's nose if she misse trede He woll cutte off, yea and conspire His death who that woll her desire, Which she perceiuing brasteth his gall And anon his great woodnesse doth fall.

Chaucer. The Remedie of Lose.

The drie coler with his heate, By weie of kynde, his propre sete Hath in the galle, where he dwellith.-Gower. Con. A. b.vii. And the Gabriell riding asterne the Michael, had her cable gauld asunder in the hawse with a piece of driuing yce. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 66. Such proofes bifore the just, to cause the harts to waver Be sett, lyke cupps myngled with gall, of bitter tast and Surrey, Ps. 73. -The Scot, on his vnfurnisht kingdome, Came pouring like the tyde into a breach, With ample and brimfulnesse of his force, Galling the gleaned land with hot assayes.

saver.

Shakespeare. Hen. V. Act i. sc. 2 The necks of mortal men having been never before galled with the yoke of foreign dominion, nor having had expein slavery.-Ralegh. Hist. of the World, b. ii. c. 1. s. 12. rience of that most miserable and detested condition of living

Leisly then commanded three hundred horse to advance into the riuer, whom the musqueteers from behind the works so galied, as they were enforced to retire.

Baker. Charles I. an. 1640.

But of all those things which are generally to be found in every living creature, the gall is that which is of greatest efficacie in operation for power it hath naturally to heat, bite, draw, discusse, and resolve. Holland. Plinie, b. xxviii. c. 9.

She creepes;

ler motion and her station are as one.

Id. Antony & Cleopatra, Act iii. sc. 3.

he had a mind as calme as she was faire;
ot tost or troubled with light lady-ayre,
But kept an even gaite; as some straight tree
Mov'd by the wind, so comely moved she.

B. Jonson. Elegie on my Muse.
For I descrie

From yonder blazing cloud that veils the hill,
One of the heav'nly host, and by his gate
Sone of the meanest. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. xi.
VOL. I.

And when the sompnour herd the frere gale.
Chaucer. The Wij of Bathes Prologue, v. 6414.
Now telleth forth, and let the sompnour gale.
Id. The Freres Tale, v. 6918.

To matens went the lusty nightingale
Within a temple shapen hauthorn wise,
He might not sleepe in all the nightertale
But Domine labia gan he cry and gale.

Id. The Court of Loue, v. 1357. Freend Palinure, lo how the tydes themselues conueys the fleete, This gale by measure blowes: an houre of rest, to take is meete. Phaer. Virgill. Æneidos, b. v.

We sailed on Munday and Tewsday til noon with contrary wind in sight of the Island, and at noone we had a fresh gale in the poupe, which brought vs ouer against the cottages of the Indians.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 424. Both shores were lost to sight, when at the close Of day a stiffer gale at East arose : The sea grew white, the rolling waves from far, Like heralds, first denounce the watery war. Dryden. Ovid. Metam. b. x.

873

The nuts called galls doe ever breake out all at once in a
sunne is out of the signe Gemini.-Id. Ib. b. xvi. c. 7.
And where the goodly herds of high-palm'd harts did gaze
Upon the passer by, thereby now doth only graze
The gall'd-back carrion jade, and hurtful swine do spoil
Once to the silvan powers our consecrated soil.
Drayton. Poly-Olbion, 8. 7

Or do the relic ashes of his grave
Revive and rise from their forsaken cave?
That so with gall-wet words and speeches rude,
Controul the manners of the multitude.

Bp. Hall. Satires, b. ii. Prol. A man that is in slavery may submit to the will of his master, because he cannot help it; and that it is to no purpose to fret at his chains and fetters, which will but gall him the more.-Stillingfleet, vol. iii. Ser. 3.

Forbad at any time or any place,
To name the person, or describe the face.
The Stage its ancient fury thus let fall,
And Comedy diverted without gall.

Dryden. The Art of Poetry.

As I never found that people discontented with their own church-government (the gallingness of whose yoke is the grand scare-crow that frights us here), so could I never observe it in any such transcendent excellency, as could oblige me to bolt heaven against, or open Newgate for, all those, that believe they may be saved under another.

Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 39. Life.

We must earnestly pray to him to work it in us, to send his Holy Spirit, which once appeared in the form of a dove, a meek and galless creature, to frame our hearts to the same temper, and enable us rightly to perform this duty. Whole Duty of Man. Sunday 17. 8. 19. 5 T

With four full banks of oars advancing high,
On either wing the larger vessels ply,
While in the centre safe the lesser galliots lie.
Rowe. Lucan. Pharsalia, b. iii.

Thus galley-slaves tug willing at the oar,
Content to work, in prospect of the shore;
But would not work at all if not constrain'd before.
Dryden. The Cock and the Fox.

The Dromones, or light gallies of the Byzantine empire, ere content with two tiers of oars; each tier was composed f five and twenty benches; and two rowers were seated on ach beuch, who plyed their oars on either side of the vessel. Gibbon. The Roman Empire, c. 53.

Liberty blush'd, and hung her drooping head,
Beheld their progress with the deepest dread;
Blush'd, that effects like these she should produce,
Worse than the deeds of galley-slaves broke loose.
Cowper. Table Talk.

But the molestation, which her galleons may suffer from Ir station in Pensacola gives us advantages, for which we ere not allowed to credit the nation for the Havannah itself.

Burke. Observations on a late State of the Nation.

We received a farther corroboration of the facts, from the entlemen of the English factory (at Canton) who told us

at a person had arrived there in a Russian galliot, who

id he came from Kamtschatka.

GALLIARD, n. GA'LLIARD, adj. GALLIARDISE.

Cook. Third Voyage, b. vi. c. 1.

Fr. Gaillard; It. Gagliardo; Sp. Gallardo. (See GALLANT.) Besoldus (see Feil, in Wachter) refers the Fr. Gaillard to an liance with the Ger. Geil; Dut. Gheyl; A. S. al, libidinosus, luxuriosus; and this is adopted 57 Dr. Jamieson. Mr. Tyrwhitt says, Brisk, gay. otgrave strongly expresses the usage:

Lusty, lively; frolick, buxom, cheerful, blithe, cund, pleasant, gamesome; brave, gallant; vaint; also rash, or somewhat indiscreet, by too uch jollity."

Galliard is also the name of a dance. Sir
Davies calls it "a gallant dance."

In all the toun n'as brewhous ne taverne,
That he ne visited with his solas,
Ther as that any gaillard tapstere was.

Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3336.

And what enormitie shoulde hit nowe be thought a thing laugh at to se a iuge or sergeat at the lawe in a short ote garded and pounced after the galyarde faction, [i. e. shion of galiards.]—Sir T. Elyot. The Governour, b. i. c. 3.

But let them be such as they were! by chance,
Our banquet done, we had our music by,
And then, you know, the youth must needs go dance,
First, galliards.-Nicholas Breton, in Ellis, vol. ii.

In answer of which claime the Prince our master
Sayes, that you sauor too much of your youth,
And bids you be aduis'd. there's nought in France,
That can be with a nimble galliard wonne.
Shakespeare. Hen. V. Act i. sc. 2.

The tripla's, and changing of times, have an agreement
th the changes of motions; as when galliard time, and
easure time are in the medly of one dance.
Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 113.

I am no way facetious, nor disposed for the mirth and lliardize of company; yet in one dream I can compose a aole Comedy, behold the action, apprehend the jests, and ugh myself awake at the conceits thereof.

She became by this desire quite ridiculous, and ran into absurdities and a gallimatias scarce credible. Fielding. Amelia, b. vii..c. 4.

And now Tacitus, so long famed for his political sagacity, will be made to pronounce this gallimatias from his oracular tripod, "The Jews were not convicted so properly for the crime of setting fire to Rome, as for the crime of being hated by all mankind." Warburton. Divine Legation, b. iv. Pref.

GALLIMAU FRY. Fr. Galimafrée. Menage says, that galimatias and galimafrée are cousins german; but knows nothing of their origin. He calls it, "A hash of various sorts of viands." Cockeram," A confused heap of things together." Pistol applies the word to Ford's wife.

Whiles a comedy of Plautus is playing, and the vile bondmen scoffing and trifling among themselves, if you should suddenly come upon the stage in a philosopher's apparel, and rehearse out of Octavia the place wherein Seneca dis played the dumb person, than by rehearsing that, which

puteth with Nero, had it not been better for you to have

served neither for the time nor place, to have made such a tragical comedy or gallimalfry?—More. Utopia, b. i.

They haue a dance, which the wenches say is a galleymaufrey of gambols, because they are not in't. Shakespeare. Winter's Tale, Act iv. sc. 3.

Pont. One of them there, the lower, is a good, foolish, knavish, sociable gallimaufry of a man, and has much caught my lord with singing. Massinger. The Fatal Dowry, Act ii. sc. 2.

Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries, forced meats, &c-King. Art of Cookery, Let. 9.

GALLINA CEOUS. Lat. Gallina, a hen. Spallanzani has remarked a circumstantial resemblance between the stomachs of gallinaceous fowls and the structure of corn-mills.-Paley. Natural Theology, c. 15.

GALLIPOT. Perhaps a clay-pot and clayGA'LLITILE. $tile. Skinner derives gallipot from the Dut. Gleye, (also written kleye, in Eng. Clay,)—a shining or glittering potters' earth, and pot. It has been supposed that galli is a corruption of gala, and that thus gallipot was a fine painted pot. It is evident that gallitile was a composition, into the nature of which Bacon deemed it necessary further to inquire. But this is not any objection to the etymology suggested above. Who ever lives to see me dead, Gentiemen, shall find me all mummie, good to fill gallipots. Beaum. & Fletch. Passionate Madman, Act iii. sc. 1.

Then distill it,

And keep it in your galley-pot well glidder'd.

B. Jonson. The Divelle is an Asse, Act iii. sc. 4.

It is to be known of what stuff galletyle is made, and how the colours in it are varied.-Bacon. Physiological Remains.

Inquire of the substance of galletyle.-Id. Ib.

Observe this small phial and this little gallipot, in this an unguent, in the other a liquor.-Spectator, No. 426.

He is usually drawn at the top of his own bills, sitting in his arm chair, holding a little bottle between his finger and thumb, and surrounded with rotten teeth, nippers, pills, pacquets, and gally-pots. Goldsmith. Citizen of the World, Let. 67.

The other side is divided into wards, each of which is

just big enough to contain a bed, and neatly lined with gally

tiles. Cook. First Voyage, b. i. c. 1.

GALLOGLASS. Spenser speaks of them as foot soldiers; Camden, (Annals of Ireland,) as horse.

Iren. No not as it is vsed in warre, for it is worne then likewise of footmen under their shirts of mayle, the which footmen they call gollo-glasses, the which name doth discover them to be auncient English: for Gall-ogla signifies an English servitour or yeoman. Spenser. View of the State of Ireland.

The mercilesse Macdonwald

(Worthie to be a rebell, for to that
The multiplying villanies of nature
Doe swarm vpon him) from the Western Isles
Of kernes and gallowgrosses is supply'd.

Shakespeare. Macbeth, Acti. sc. 2. The fourth degree is a galloglasse, using a kind of pollar for his weapon.-Stanihurst. Description of Ireland, c. 8.

GALLON. Of unknown etymology. The Mid. Lat. Galo is in Du Cange and Spelman; Lacombe has the word galon in his Supplement, and calls it an English measure containing deux pots. A measure of four quarts or eight pints. He bouht yt thr after

A galon for a grote. Piers Plouhman, p. 98. And who repentyd rathest. shold aryse after And grete Syre Gloton, whit a galon of ale.-Id. p. 107. And he sendith tweyne of hise disciplis and seieth to hem go ye into the citee and a man berynge a galoun of watir schal meete you, sue ye him.—Wiclif. Mark, c. 14.

N'ot I nat why, that me were lever to stepe,
Than the best gailon wine that is in chepe.

Chaucer. The Manciples Tale, v. 16,973 Tiberius called one Tricongius, for carowsing three gallons of wine.-Camden. Remaines. Surnames.

And when he had called many of his nobles and captains to that feast, he that drank most, was one Promachus, who drank off fower gallons and one pottle, and having received his talent for his prize, lived three days after, and then died. Usher. Annals, an. 3679.

By the sea, on the south side of that high hill, there's fresh water comes out of the rocks, but so slowly, that it yields not above 40 gallons in 24 hours.

Dampier. Voyages, an. 1682.

I ordered the still to be kept at work, from six o'clock in the morning to four in the afternoon; during which time we procured from thirteen to sixteen gallons of fresh water. Cook. Third Voyage, b. ii. c. 3

GALLO ON. Fr. Galon, galonner, to edge or lace with galloon. Skinner thinks it may be Gallic lace, or from the It. and Sp. Gala, vestis nitida, ornata et speciosa.

Whom kirtle red will much amaze,

Whilst clown his man on signes does gaze.
In livry short, galloone on cape,

With cloak-bag mounting high as nape.

Davenant. The Long Vacation in London.

I'le have him cut to the kell, then down the seames, oh for a whip to make him galloone-laces, I'le have a coachwhip.-Beaum. & Fletch. Philaster, Act v. sc. 1.

In a word, lace and ribbons, silver and gold galloons, with the like glittering gew-gaws, are so many lures to women of weak minds or low educations.-Spectator, No. 15.

GALLOP, v. Fr. Galoper; It. GalopGALLOPER. pare. Probably no other than GALLOPING. the ge-hleapan, ge-hlopen, salire, saltare, to leap or jump.

To move by leaps; to move, to run, fast, with speed, with swiftness.

Styll he goloped forth right, tyll he came into Arthoyes, and ther he was in suritie: and so then he rode into France to Kyng Philip, and shewed him all his aduenture.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycie, vol. i. c. 140.

They through the thornie downes wher neerest way no compas makes

In armour iointly ryde, hie shoutes vprise and clustring strakes,

They gallup, and vnder their trampling feete the ground with breaking quakes.

Phaer. Virgill. Æneidos, b. viii.

I doubte not but where you now stande still musyng you woulde runne furth a galloppe, and where you runne on your fete, you woulde, if you had wynges, flie as faste, as euer did hawke to hys praie.-Hall. Hen. VI. an. 3.

When the time came of her out riding none saw her, but her husbande and such as were present with him, and she and her gentlewomen to wayte vpon her galoped through the towne, where the people might here the treading of their horsse, but they saw her not.

Grafton. Edward the Confessor, an. 1043.

Know, Pegasus has got a bridle,
A bit and curb of crusted water,
Or if I call't plain ice, no matter,
With which he now is so commanded,
His days of galloping are ended,
Unlesse I with the spur do prick him.

Cotton. Upon the Great Frost.