habit of work, the love of study for the sake of acquiring self-mastery, of learning how to use books, how to use the knowledge the pupil possessed in the elementary schools, all contributed to the failure of many grammar-school pupils to continue through the high school. They had not learned how to apply either their minds or their knowledge to new questions; they had acquired a habit of dependence which in the nature of things was wholly out of place in the high school. What was needed was the kind of training that put the pupil in possession of himself. The high school must in the nature of things drop all the nursery elements, and leave the pupil free to work out in a measure his own problems. What the elementary school must do is to teach the pupil how to study, and the relation between different studies. Pupils must learn, above all things, how to use what they do know in progressing. It is not only that each study is taken by itself, but each grade is taken up by too many pupils as isolated factors in an unknown and too often unknowable whole. The trouble with us is that no aim is kept before the children, unless it be a certificate which often represents, in truth, nothing but a good memory. How to study is the first step in education. Master that and education becomes almost a royal road.

Why Not?

for papers and fruit-skins, the method was to arouse interest, create a standard, develop civic interest and community pride.

A committee of the Club visited the Street Commissioner to urge further improvements, when the Commissioner suggested that the contract for street-cleaning be taken by the women. The papers report that the proposition is being seriously considered. In small towns women have taken the contract and have succeeded; a garbage contract was taken by a woman in Chicago, and the results were so eminently successful as to arouse the active animosity of the district leaders, and it was discovered by the authorities that such a contract must not be renewed.

If the experiment is made in Jersey City, and successfully for the good of the city, it will give a new factor to the municipal problems, by throwing out of the political horizon a large field of patronage. A large percentage of the people in all our great cities would see in this an evil far worse than dirty streets.

The Eyesight of School-Children

He

At a recent meeting of the Optical Society of New York a paper was presented by a physician who had examined the eyes of over seven hundred schoolchildren. He stated as a result of his work that he believed about twenty-five per cent. of the children of school age were suffering from defective vision. held that this defective vision was at the bottom of much of the friction between teachers and parents, for the reason that objects are conveyed to the child's brain in confused lines, producing a muddle of ideas and a consequent headache. This causes a distaste for school in the child and a belief on the part of the parents that the fault lies with the teacher. This physician advised: "Before starting in school the eyes of children should be carefully examined by one competent, and any errors of It refraction or accommodation existing corrected. This examination should be repeated each succeeding year or until the child reaches maturity."

The Woman's Club of Jersey City decided several months ago to improve the condition of the streets in that city. The members began by speaking to every sweeper and cartman who was careless in doing his work, reporting to the Commissioner all who did not improve. A man who was spoken to knew that his number went on file, and that when a certain number of reports to the Club's committee about that one number went in, with date and place where negligence occurred, he would be reported to the Commissioner. took but a short time for the men in the department to learn that this Club was in earnest. To the sweepers every woman was a volunteer inspector always on duty and not lenient. The result of this energy was a marked improvement in every direction.

The children of the schools were interested, but as the city did not provide cans

Not only should the condition of the eyes of the child be known when it begins school life, but also the condition of light in the school-rooms, and the kind and quantity of light used at home when studying and reading.