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Valerian said: Two corones had we,
Snow-white and rose-red, that shinen clere.

Chaucer. The Second Nonnes Tale, v. 15722.

Ros'd all in lively crimson are thy cheeks.

G. Fletcher. Christ's Victory and Triumph. There are also to be found in this age (latter end of the tenth century) manifest indications of the institution of the rosary and crown of the Virgin, by which her worshippers were to reckon the number of prayers, that they were to offer to this new divinity.

ROT.

Maclaine. Mosheim, Cent. x. pt. ii. c. 4.

A diligent womman is a coroun to hir hosebond; and rot is in the boonys of that womman that doith thingis worthi

of confusioun. (E. V. stine, putredo.)- Wic. Prov. xii. 4. Rotenesse (tabitudo) forsothe and deth stonden on in the hestes of hym.-ld. Eccl. xxviii. 7.

Wel bet is roten appel out of hord,
Than that it rote alle the remenaunt.

Chaucer. The Cokes Tale, v. 4404.

ROTATION, s. Lat. Rota; Ger. Rad; a wheel. Lat. Rotatio, the motion of a wheel. Vossius derives from the Gr. 'Potty, which is the Ger. Rad-en; A. S. Hrad-ian; to be borne along swiftly: for the wheels (Wachter) are as it were the feet, by which the carriage, polti, that is, runs along, or is moved. See RIDE and RATHE.

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RUD

sum (only a different application of the same word), it occurs to him, that it may be formed from the verb Rinna (Go. and A. S. Rinnan), to run, to flow. Rund did not exist in A. S. They used Hwal, rota, On hwal, or hweol.

Thre cuppis as in the maner of a note (nut) bi ech şerde, and litle rundelis. (E. V. balls, sphærulas.) Wic. Es. xxv. 33. He shal putten him out fro list in to dercnessis, and fro the roundness overbern hym. (L. V. bere him over fro the world, de orbe.)-Id. Job xviii. 18.

Roundnesse of erthis (orbis terrarum).-ld. Wis. vii. 17.
If that thou

Throwe in a water now a stone,
Wel woste thou it will make anone
A litel roundel as a cercle.

Chaucer. House of Fame, b. ii. v. 283. A door opening out of our garden will save the roundabout by the town.-Cowper to Lady Hesketh, April 17,1786.

ROUND, ROWN.

Me list not to whispre neither roune.

Lidgate. Thebes. The rownende grucchere shal defoule his soule (L. V. a privy backbiter, susurro), and in alle thingus shal ben hatyd.- Wic. Eccl. xxi. 31.

And euer all the houses angles
Is ful of rownings and of iangles.

Chaucer. House of Fame, b. iii. v. 870.

ROUST, v. i. e. Rowest. Why roust (abis) away so wyde?

ROUST, i. e. Roost

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Phaer. Virgil, b v. fo. 113.

Men myghte reknen ich a ryb,

So rentful they weren.-Piers Plouhman's Crede, v. 857. Who gedereth in rep is a wis sone; who forsothe routeth (L. V. slepith, stertit) in somer is the sone of confusioun. Wic. Prov. x. 5. Peter! (the sound is) lyke the beting of the sea (Quod I) against the rockes halow When tempestes done hire shippes swalow, And that a man stande, out of doute, A myle off thens, and here it route.

ROUT.

Chaucer. House of Fame, b. ii. p. 530.

In that lond, no Cristen dorste route (assemble),
All Cristen folk ben fled fro that contree.

Id. Man of Lawes Tale, v. 4960.
ROUTH. See RUE.
ROW.

Commande to back and hewe
The okes old, and lay hem on a rew.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2868.
ROWNE. See ROUND, ROUNE, supra.
ROYAL.

The Parliament, by Stat. (35 Henry VIII.) annexed it to the Crown of England, for euer now made triple by the royallizing of that of Ireland amongst the rest.

N. Bacon. Historical Discourse, pt. ii. c. 26, p. 213.

RUB.

Robin. I suppose the malicious mother has contrived to throw some confounded rub in the way. Foote. The Bankrupt, A. i.

RUBRICK. The periodical fecalency and rubricity of the Nile happen in July and October.

RUBY.

Geddes. Critical Remarks, p. 183. Ex. ch. vii.

A wreth of gold-ful of stones bright,
Of fine rubins and of diamants.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2149. The places ought before the application of these topicke medicines be well prepared with the razour, and a sinapisme or rubicative made of mustard seed, until the place look red.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxix. c. 6.

RUD. Rode, s. and Rud, s. are applied to the complexion. Skinner. Red-rudd, perhaps a Red or blushing face. Rud-red-the same.

Thanne he sente, and broutte hym forthe; forsothe he (Dauid) was rodi (rufus) and fayr in sist, and sembli in face.-Wic. 1 Kings xvi. 12.

His (Absolon's) rode was red: his eyen grey as goos,
With Poules windowes corven on his shoes.
Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3317.

SAC

RUDE. See CRUDE, supra.

Sothely no man sendith ynne a medlynge (putteth a piece) of rudee or newe clothe (rudis panni, L. V. boystous) in to an olde clothe.-Wic. Mat. ix. 16; also Mark ii. 21.

Air. For man and wife to quarrel before folks is rather rudish, I own.-Foote. The Cozeners, act iii. sc. 2. RUDIMENT.

They discarded the barbarous school book then in use, (and) put the rudimentary study of the languages on a better footing.

Hallam. Lit. of the Middle Ages, Cent. XVI. ch. i.

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Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 2422. He toke a ionket of resshen, and glewide it with glewishe cley, and with picche, and put the litil faunt within. (L. V. a leepe of segge, fiscellam scirpeam.) Wic. Ex. ii. 3; also 5. And rayn came doun, and flodis camen, and wyndis blewen and rusheden (irruerunt) into that hous; and it felle nat down, for it was founded on a stoon. Id. Mac. vii. 25. My britheren passiden me, as a stronde (torrens) doith, that passith ruschyngli in grete valeis. (E. V. ravethmelum. See Meal term: raptim.)-Id. Job vi. 15.

RUST. Rusty wordes. See RIBAUD. Piers Plouhman, supra.

Ne trow thou to thin enemy unto withoute ende; forsothe as bras rusteth (aeruginat) the shrewdenesse of hym. Wic. Eccl. xii. 10.

Why dost thou suffer rustful sloth to creep,
Dull Cyprian lad, into thy wanton brows!
Is this a time to pay thine idle vows

At Morpheus shrine ?-Quarles, b. i. Emblem 7.
RUT.

In rotey tyme (rutting).

SABBATH, 8.

"Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 7250.

S.

For to (til) the lond wolde do benigneli ther sabatis, al the time of ther forsaking he sabatisede (sabbatizavit) in the apliyng of seuenti zer.-Wic. 3 Esd. i. 58.

SACK, s. The name of a wine in great repute in the days of Sir John Falstaff. Mr. Nares calls

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SACRE.

This is the lawe of the brent sacrifice, and of sacrifice for synne, and for trespas, and for the sacryng. (L. V. halewing, pro consecratione.)-Wic. Lev. vii. 37.

Witen ze not, for thei that wirchen in the sacrarie, that is, a place where hooly thingis ben kept (sacrario), eten tho thingis that ben of the sacrarie.-Id. ì Rom. ix. 13.

SACROSANT. See SACRE.

SAD.

(Austyn) hymself ordeyned

To sadde us in bileue.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 6100.

And wo was withalle,
That I ne had slepte sadder.-ld. Ib. v. 2479.

And his rist hond takun, he, Peter, lifte him vp; and anoon the groundis, and plauntis or solis (legs and feet) of him ben saddid to gidere (L. V. sowdid, consolidate sunt), and he lipping stood, and wandride.- Wic. Deeds iii. 7.

Like a wise, discreet, and circumspect prelate, ye should haue examined (as other since) such sad and credible persons as were present at her (the Maid of Kent's) trances and diffigurings, &c.

Cromwell to Fisher. Burnet. Records, v. i. N. 124. More eath to number with how many eyes High heauen beholds sad (constant) louers theneries. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 11, v. 45. This sadded the English, and made them drive heavily. N. Bacon. Historical Discourse, c. lxiv. p. 209. The sadded air hung all in cheerless black.

G. Fletcher. Christ's Triumph over Death.

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Alas the day and tyme that evir I was yeur make,
Much have I endured this too yere for yeur sake!
Poem imputed to Chaucer. The Merchant's
Second Tale.

Lo thus she cride, and thus she praide,
Till at last a voyce hir saide,
That if she wolde for his sake
The maladie suffre and take
And die hir selfe, he shulde live.

Gower. Conf. Am. b. vii.
He cannot spoile the simple sakeles man,
Which is content to feed him with his bread.

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I for his sake will leave Thy bosom, and this glorie next to thee Freely put off, and for him lastly dye. Milton. Par. L. b. iii. For thy sake we are kylled all the daye longe, and are counted as shepe apoynted to be slayne. Bible, 1549. Psalm xliv. 22. SALIENCE. See SALLY. SALLOW. Fr. Sale. Le gris sale. A SALLOWNESS. (dark or dusky gray. Ger. Sal. Sordidus, spurcus; and also, fuscus. See Wachter. A sallow complexion is (perhaps) a complexion tarnished or sullied by sickness; yellowish.

And ze schulen take to you in the firste day salewis (E. V. withies, salices) of the rennyng streem, and e schulen be glad bifor joure Lord 3houre God. Wic. Lev. xxiii. 40. Faded was all her beauteFull salow was waxen her colour.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose..

Jesu Maria, what a deale of brine
Hath washt thy sallow cheekes for Rosaline.
Shakespeare. Romeo and Juliet, act ii. sc. 3..
Pale dropsy, with a sallow face,
And lordly gout, wrapt up in fur.

Swift. Panegyric on the Dean.

A fish-diet would give such a sallowness to the celebrated beauties of this island, as would scarce make them distinguishable from those of France.-Addison. Hence the lean gloom, that melancholy wears: The lover's paleness; and the sallow hue Of envy.-Armstrong. Art of Health, b. iv. That heau'nly voice I more delight to hear Than hiving bees that fly, About the laughing blossoms of sallowy, Rocking asleep the idle grooms that lazy ly.

Giles Fletcher. Christ's Triumph over Death, st. 2. SALSUGINOUS. See SALINE.

SALT.

Thei saltiden othere thingis, that schulde suffice to hem in the weie.- Wic. Tobit vi. 6.

SALVATION. Salvo jure (nostræ veteris amicitiæ.-Cic. Ep. ad Fam. 13. 77). A form of expression in classical writers, and adopted in our Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 12692. legal instruments of grant. And hence, To Salve,

And now I se wher a soule Cometh hiderward seillynge.

SAIL, i. e. Assail, qv. Now to assaute that sailen can, (Quod love) and that full hardily.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose, v. 7340. Baillyng (assailing) of the walls.-Lidgate. Thebes.

SAIL, . In Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 8492, (I can) neither saille ne saute; i. e. leap nor jump." Sailours, perhaps Dancers, called by Wiclif "Leapers." And see ASSAIL, SALIENT, SALLY.

There was many a timbestere

And slurs, that I dare wel swere
Yeuthe hir eraft full parfitly.

SAINT,.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose, v. 770.

Around him wide a sable army stand,
A low boru, cell-bred, selfish, servile band,
Prompt or to guard or stab, to saint or damn,
Heav'n's Swiss, who fight for any god or man

Pope. Dunciad, b. ii. v. 357.

to save, or keep safe, to reserve. (See the Quotations from Spenser and Cudworth, in v. Salve, in Dictionary.) Also written Save, qv.

(He) soughte out the sike And synfulle both,

And salvede sike and synfulle.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 11019. There is but one, who died salvifically for us, and able to say unto death, Hitherto shalt thou go and no farther. Browne. Christian Morals, pt. ii. § xi.

SALUTE, v. Forsoth ze entringe in to an house, Gret ze or salute ze it (salutate), sayinge, Pees to this hous.- Wic. Mat. x. 12. SAMBUKE. Lat. Sambuca. See Wiclif, Bible, Dan. iii. 5, &c.; in Mod. Ver. Sackbut.

SAME.

Ev'n our own bodies daily change receive,
Nor are to-day what yesterday they were;
Nor the whole same to-morrow will appear.
Dryden. Of the Pythagorean Philosophy. Ov. Met. b. xv.

SAMPLE.

SAV

And by this saumple (E. V. exsaumple, exemplo) alle the wyues of prynces of Persis and of Medeis schulen dispise the comaundementis of hosebondis.-Wic. Esth. i. 18.

SANATIVE. See SANE. Sanatory, or as not uncommonly written, Sanitary, are words that have been for some time in common use. As-A Sanatory Commission, a Sanitary Report, a Commission to inquire into, or report of the state of, the health (of the people).

SANCTUARY.

The veyle forsothe be it sett yn bi cercles, with ynne the whiche thou shalt put the arke of testymonye, and with the which the seyntuarie, and the seyntuarye of the seyntuarie sholen be dyuyded (sanctuarii sanctuaria). Wic. Ex. xxvi. 33.

SAND.

This yerde was large, and railed at the alies,
And shadowed wel, with blosomy bowes grene,
And benched new, and sonded all the waies.

Chaucer. Troylus and Cressida, b. ii. v. 117.

SANGUINE.

And thes ben the thin is that ze shulen take, gold, and siluer, and brasse, and insynet, that is, silk of violent blew, and purpur, that is, sangwyn silk.-Wie. Er. xxv. 4.

His smile (Judge Jeffreys) being construed into a sign that he was about "to breathe death like a destroying angel, and to sanguine his very ermine in blood."

Wool. p. 200, in Campbell's Chancellors, v. iii. p. 544. Although the waves of all the northern sea Should flow for ever through these guilty hands, Yet the sanguinolent stain would extant be. SANIOUS. Then God's heavy hand shall press the sanies out from all our sins and pour them into one chalice.

Marston. The Insatiate Countess.

Bp. Taylor. Christ's Advent to Judgment, Ser. 2. SAP, v. (to undermine). It. Zappare, to dig, to delve the ground, to sap. Zappa, a mattock to dig or delve with, a sappe. Florio. Sp. Zapa, a hoe for a garden. Zapar, to hoe in a garden: in a martial sense, to sap, that is, to dig a deep trench, descending by steps to get into the enemy's works, for fear of their mines. Delpine. Menage derives from σkapη, a ditch, σкажт-ε, to dig.

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Ask of thy mother earth why oaks are made
Taller and stronger than the weeds they shade,
Or ask of yonder argent fields above,
Why Jove's Satellites are less than Jove.

Pope. Essay on Man, b. i. v. 42.

SATRAP. And so Nabugodonosor sente for to gedere satrapis or wyse men (satrapas).-Wic. Dan. iii. 2.

SAUCEFLEME. Lat. Salsum flegma. Having

a red pimply face. See Tyrwhitt's Note.
A sompnour was ther with us in that place,
That had a fire-red cherubimeés face,
For saucefleme he was, with eyen narwe.
Chaucer. Prol. v. 627.

SAVE. See To SALVE, SALVO

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SAVE. Fr. Sauveur; It. Salvatore; Sp. doth set men forward unto sin. Good things can scan

SAFE.

Salvador. Salvator is not classic SAVIOUR. Lat. (though an instance of its usage applied to Jupiter is produced by Du Cange). It was established, if not introduced, by Saint Augustine as the characteristic of Jesus Christ. Trench. Study of Words, Lec. iv.

Safe-conduct. Law Lat. Salvus Conductor; Fr. Sauf-conduit. A privilege granted by a prince to come into and go out of his dominions with safety.

Safe-guard. Law Lat. Salva custodia; Fr. Saufguard. A privilege so granted to foreigners, becoming suitors in his courts of justice, to be and remain without harm to themselves or servants in goods or property. See Spelman.

And he turnede the name of hym (Joseph), and he clepide hym in Egipcian tunge the saueor of the world (salvatorem mundi).- Wic. Gen. xli. 45.

For the grace of God oure Sauyoure hath apperid to alle men, and taughte us that we forsake wickidnesse and worldly desires.-Id. Poul to Tyte, c. ii.

dalize none, save only evil minds.

Hooker. Ecc. Pol. b. iv. § 12. David was scandalous, in that bloody act, whereby he caused the enemies of God to be blasphemous; thus the whole state of Israel was scandalous, when their publick disorders caused the name of God to be ill-spoken of amongst the nations.-Id. lb. b. xi. § 12.

SCAPE, s. Avoidance or evasion of danger or difficulty; also applied to acts requiring such avoidance as incurring danger or difficulty.

And Aaron shall cast lottes ouer the twoo gootes. One lotte for the Lord, and another for a scape-goate. The goote on which the lotte fell to scape, he shal set alyue before the Lorde to reconcyle wyth and to let hym goo fre in to the wyldernesse.-Lev. xvi. Bible, 1549.

I have no conscience of marble to resist the hammer of more heavy offences, nor yet so soft and waxen as to take the impression of each single peccadillo or scape of infirmity.-Browne. Religio Medici, pt. ii. § vii.

SCAR. SCARRY.

In stones he dwellith, and in hete set scarri flintis he bideth. Wic.

For the grace of God that bringeth saluacion hath (præruptis silicibus; L. V. flyntis brokun bifoxxxix. 28.

apered, and teachest us yt we shoulde denye vngodlynesse and worldly lustes.-lb. Bible, 1549.

Poul the seruaunt of God: to Tite moost dereworth sone by the comyn feith-Grace and pees of God the fadir and of Crist Jesu oure Sauyour.- Wic. Poul to Tyte, c. 1.

Paul the seruaunt of God-To Titus hys naturall sonne in the common fayth-Grace, mercy, and peace frō God the father and from the Lord Jesu Christe oure Sauyoure. Ib. Bible, 1549.

(No man wot) in which maner wise
The worme of conscience may agrise
Of wicked lif, though it so privee be
That no man wote thereof, sauf God and he

Chaucer. The Doctores Tale, v. 12216.

Our duties are to your throne and state,
Children and seruants; which doe but what they should,
By doing euery thing safe toward your loue
And honour (i. e. giving safety to, preserving your honour
safe).-Shakespeare. Macbeth, act i. sc. 4.

SAVOUR.

Ac I have no savour in songewarie (interpreting dreams), For I se it ofte faille. Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 4791. He that sauereth, or undirstondeth, the day, understondith to the Lord (sapit).- Wic. Rom. xiv. 6.

And the Lord sauered the odour of sweetnesse (E. V. smellid a smel, odoratus est odorem) and seide to hym, I schal no more curse the erthe for men.-Id. Gen. viii. 21.

SAUTE. See SAIL, ASSAIL.

These forsothe that weren with Machabee, by preyeres preyinge the Lord, that he were helper to hem, maden feersnesse or saut (L. V. asaut, impetum) in to strengthis of Idumeis.- Wic. 2 Mac. x. 16.

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If it is blynd, if it is brokun, if it has a scar. (E. V. fel (skin) wound, cicatricem.)-Id. Lev. xxii. 22.

Sotheli bitwixe the stiyngis, by whiche Jonathas enforside to passe to the stacioun of the Filisteis, weren stonys stondynge forth on euer either side, and scarris (E. V. litle rochis, scopuli) brokun bifore bi the maner of teeth on eche syde.-Id. 1 Kings xiv. 4. Is it the roar of Teviot's tide, That chafes against the Scaurs red side? Scott. Last Minstrel, c. i. § 12.

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Blunting the keenness of his spiritual sense With narrow schemings and unworthy cares. Shelley. Queen Mab, s. v. SCHETICAL. Relative, oxeous, oxɛiv, habere. SCHESES, Relations. Cudworth.

Nay, then virtue, justice, honesty, must of necessity be figments also, because moral good and evil are schetical and relative things.-Cudworth. Morality, p. 158.

SCHISM. See Quotation from Hooker in v. Separate, infra.

SCIENCE.

Science is the knowledge of consequences, and dependance of one fact upon another.-Hobbes. Leviathan, c. 5. SCION.

Y seit that a vyne bifore me, in which weren thre siouns (E. V. braunchis, propagines), wexide litil and litil into buriounnyngis (gemmas).- Wic. Gen. xl. 10.

SCLAUNDER. See SLANDER.

SCLENDER. See SLENDER.

SCLOPE, i. e. Sleep. So written in Par. and Tap. v. 454.

SCOMFIT, i. e. Discomfit. Skunfite is in Wic. Bible, Judges vi. 16, a var. r. of Smyte (percutere). SCORCH, s. Add

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I seigh nevere palmere,

With pyk ne with scrippe,

Asken after hym.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 3574. And I counseilid, and thoște, and scrites left. (L. V. lefte writun.)- Wic. Ecc. xxxix. 28.

(They) plaiyng enterchaungeden hir ringes, Of whiche I can tellen no scripture.

Chaucer. Troylus and Cressida, b. iii. v. 1369. (Xenophon's Cyropædia) is a most amusing narrative, and ten times easier to understand than the crabbed epigrams and scribblements of the minor poets, that are generally put into the hands of boys.

Cowper to Unwin, Oct. 22, 1785. SCRIVENER. Wiclif, Is. xxxvi. 2, scriuen, and 22, scryueyn. E. V. scribe, scriba. I nel noght scorne, .: ..

But if scryveynes lye.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 6278. SCROLL.

Therfor thei don alle her werkis that thei ben seen of men; forsothe thei alargen their filateries, that ben smale scrowis, and magnifie hemmys.-Wic. Mat. xxiii. 5.

SCRUPLE.

This shal not be to thee, my lord, into foxynge (in singultum), and into scripil (L. V. in to doute, in scrupulum), that thou hast shed giltlesse blood, and thi self thou hast vengid. Wic. 1 Kings xxv. 31. These are the scepticks or scrupulists against whom there is a clamour raised. Shaftesbury. Misc. 2, c. iii. v. iii. p. 109.

SCULK.

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But Holland writes (see Quotation in v. Singe), the sea which they call sea-longs (lungs) (pulmo marinus). "Scorched or singed by nipping cold." See Singe, infra.

SCORN, v.

Ne no scornere ne scold

Out of skile (reason, temper) hym brynge.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 13524. The Romans tooke foule skorn (Romanis indignantibus) and disdaine, that they, whose hap before was to be vanquished, should unprovoked begin war afresh with the conquerors.-Holland. Livy, p. 395.

SEAL, v.

Who schal yue keping to my mouth and a certeyn ceelyng (signaculum) on my lippis, that Y falle not bi tho, and that my tunge leese not me?- Wic. Ecc. xxii. 33. Selers (signatores) forsothe weren Neemias, &c. (E. V.) ld. 2 Esd. x. 1. Therfor on alle these thingis we us self smyten and writen boond of pees, and oure princes, oure dekenes, and oure priestis aseelen (signant).

1. v.) (Nehemiah, in M. V.)

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And Abraham taue alle that he had to Ysaac; to the sonys forsothe of the secoundarye wyues (L. V. concubyns, concubinarum) he zaue ziftis.-Wic. Gen. xxv. 6.

Forsothe thou hast seyn secoundli (secundo) a sweuen perteyning to the same thing.-Id. Ib. xli. 32.

SECT. In Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, v. 4682, "Our sectes strene for to save the generation of our kind or species." (See in v. Strain.)

SECULAR.

The whiche peranenture comen after seculer lettris to holi scripturis, and with a fair sermoun deliten the eeris of the puple.- Wic. Bible. Pref. to Ep. p. 67.

SECURE.

Loo! whether not Dauid lurkith anentis ve in moost siker placys (L. V. sikireste places, locis tutissimis) of a wode-Wic. 1 Kings xxiii. 19.

And the werk of ristfulnesse schal be pees, and the tilthe of ritfulnesse schal be stilnesse and sikirnesse (securitas) til in to with outen ende.-Id. Is. xxxii. 17.

They eate, they drink, and, in communion sweet,
Quaff immortalitie and joy,

Secure of surfet.-Milton. Par. L. b. 5, v. 639.
He views the unguarded city from afar,
In careless quiet and secure of war.
Immunis belli.-Dryden. En. b. xii. v. 818.
SEE, v.

See Wiclif, in v. Scion, supra.
Barons and burgeíses

I seigh in this assemblee.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 432. Seint Johan and othere seintes Were seyen in poore clothyng.-Id. Ib. v. 7052. Sumtyme (olim) in Yrael thus spak echon goynge to counseyle God; Cometh, and go we to the seer (ad videntem); forsothe, he that to day is seid a prophet, sumtyme (olim) was clepid seer (videns).—Wic. 1 Kings ix. 9. And when I had a while igone,

I sawe a garden, right anone. ...
Another image set, saugh I.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose, vv. 135, 207.
False semblant had he saine also.-Id. Ib. v. 7447.
I felt wel and saie (saw)

Your grete trouth and service every daie,
And that your hert al mine was.

Id. Troylus and Cressida, b. iii. v. 991.
This Damian, when that his time he say.
Id. The Marchantes Tale, v. 9810.

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SEED, s. v.

Chaucer. House of Fame, b. iii. v. 120.

Thes thre ben the sones of Noe, and of thes is out sedid (L. V. was sowun, disseminatum est) al the kind of men vpon al erthe.- Wic. Gen. ix. 19.

The Campanes alreadie were distressed with hunger and famine, and the reason was, because the armies of the Romanes had impeached and hindered their seednesse (sementem facere prohibuerant).-Holland. Livy, p. 556. Bailiff. Little Flanigan here is a little seedy, as we say among us that practise the law-Not well in clothes. Goldsmith. Good Natured Man, act iii. sc. 1.

SEEK.

My Lord, be not wrooth that Y may not rise bifore thee, for it bifelde now to me (Rachel) bi the custom of wymmen; so the bisynesse of the sekere was scorned (quærentis). Wic. Gen. xxxi. 35.

SEL

And eche these other termes all,
That in soche case ye lovers allè seche,
And in full humble wise, as in his speche,
He gan him recommaunde unto her grace.
Chaucer. Troylus and Cressida, b. ii. v. 1071.
Knowing of trouth in causes of things was more hardier
in the first sechers; and so sayth Aristotle.
Id. Test. of Loue. Prol.

Than longen folk to gon on pilgrimages,
And Palmeres for to seken strange strondes.
Id. Prologue to Canterbury Tales, v. 13.
SEEM. See Piers Plouhman, in v. Mange, su-

pra.

For Pazens han somwhat Semynge to oure bileve.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 10409. I semed upon that hous.-Id. Creed, v. 315. And he was seen to hem (visus est) as pleiyinge (ludens) to speke. (M. V. seemed.)- Wic. Gen. xix. 14. The sone acreesynge, Joseph, the sone acresynge, and seemli. (L. V. fair, decorus.)-Id. Gen. xlix. 22.

SEETHE, v.-p. Seethed, sod, sodden,-Coquere, excoquere, are commonly rendered to seethe in the Early Version of Wiclif's Bible; and to bake in the Later Version. And a seething man-a bakere, Coquens.

Sotheli Jacob sethide (E. V. had sothun, corit) potage: and whanne Esau cam weri fro the felde, he seide to Jacob, yue thou to me of this reed sething (coctione rufa), for Y am ful weri.- Wic. Gen. xxv. 30.

And the tother seide to his neizbore, Cometh, and make we tile stoons, and sethe (L. V. bake; var. r. bake or eelde (see Ale), coquamus) we hem in fier.-Id. lb. xi. 3. Lo! Y haue sode thee, but not as siluer (ercori; E. V. outbake).-Id. Is. xlviii. 10.

SEINT, s. i. e. Cincture (qv.) or Girdle. See Quotation from Chaucer in v. Meddle; also in v. Silk, infra.

SEIZE, v.

And sithen I (the Devil) seised
Sevene hundred wynter,

I leeve, &c.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 12644.
Till that deth me cese

I wil be hires, whether I wake or winke,
And trewe in al that herte may bethinke.

Chaucer. Assemble of Foules, v. 481.

SELDOM, adj. Seldom is used adjectively by more modern writers than Chaucer or Shakespeare. A seldomer preaching. Bp. Taylor. Ser. i. p. 5, fo. And Baxter often so uses it.

Seldomcy is opposed by Cowper jocosely to frequency.-Works, v. vi. p. 228.

It must not be now and then a glance of the eye of the soul towards God; or a seldom salutation which you would give to a stranger, but a walking with him, and frequent addresses of the soul unto him, which must help you to the delights which believers find in their communion with him.-Barter. Body of Divinity, p. 128, fo. ed.

If thou delight not in him, thy thoughts of God will be seldom, or unwelcome and unpleasant thoughts. And thy speeches of him will be seldom, or heartless, forced speeches. Id. Ib.

SELF. SELFISH, Ascribed by Hacket (see Trench, English Past and Present, lec. 2.) to the mint of the Presbyterians-appears in Cudworth, as a word in common use. See in Dictionary.

(This) he seide in his sorwe

On the selve rood.-Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 14011. When they (the Presbyterians) saw he was not selfish, (it is a word of their own new mint) some of their ministers, that were softened with the dewy drops of his tongue, eased their stomachs with complaints against the courts ecclesiastical and the rugged carriage of certain prelates.Hacket. Life of Abp. Williams, pt. ii. p. 144. When the soul has tasted of the love, And been illuminated from above; Still in its self-hood it would seek to shine, And as its own possess the light divine.

A. D. 1693.

Byrom, from Jacob Behmer. A Poetical Vision. The weakness of the social affections and the strength of the private desires constitute selfishness. Mackintosh. Dissertation, p. 193.

SELL, s.

And so thei ordeyneden a dai, in which thei schulden do priueli bitwixe hem self; and to eche selles, or smale setis (sella) ben brouzt forth, and putt.- Wic. 2 Mac. xiv. 21.

SELL, v.

Al the money he gederyde togither for the sellyng of the whete (venditione), and putte it to the tresorye of the kyng. Wic. Gen. xlvii. 14. No thing is more wicke than to loonen moone (money);

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Rebecca-a ful sembly (L. V. comeli, decora) and moost fayr mayden.-Wic. Gen. xxiv. 16.

SEMI. Semi-vif, (only) half alive.
He myghte neither steppe ne stande,
For semy-vif he semed.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 11481.

SEMPITERNE. This lyght is the lyght of the creatour of the lyght sempyternel, which promysed to send us his lyght perpetuall. The Golden Legend. Caxton, Westmestre, 1483. SEND.

Streite sendings out (emissiones directe) of leytis schulen go, and as the sidis of a reynbowe thei schulen be descried. Wic. Wisd. v. 22.

This Senatour doeth Alla great honour,
And hastely he sent after Custaunce,
But trusteth well, her lust not to daunce,
When she wiste wherefore was that sonde.

Chaucer. Man of Lawes Tale, p. 3.

SENDEL. Sendel (L. V. lynnen cloth, sindonem) she made, and solde; and a litil girdil she toc to Canaan. Wic. Prov. xxxi. 24.

SENIOR. Tyndale rendered the Gr. Пpoßv Tepog by this word, which he afterwards changed to Elder, on being reproved by Sir T. More, who

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SENTENCE. Who is this, wrappende in sentencis (involvens sententias) with woordis vnwise?- Wic. Job xxxviii. 2.

The which seide to hem, Be it doon to after your sentence (sententiam).-Id. Gen. xliv. 10. The sayd versis of the grete poete be of grete effect, purposed sentencyously in few wordis.

The Boke of Tulle of Old Age. Carton, b. i. Haruth and Maruth, The chosen sentencers.-Southey. Thalaba, b. iv. § 9. SENTIENT. See SENSE.

SEPARATE.

Men doe separate themselues eyther by heresie, schisme, or apostasie. If they loose the bond of faith, which then they are justly supposed to doe, when they frowardly oppugne any principall point of Christian doctrine, this is to separate themselues by heresie. If they breake the bond of vnitie, whereby the body of the Church is coupled and knit in one, as they doe, which wilfully forsake all externall communion with saints in holy exercises purely and orderly established in the Church, this is to separate themselues by schisme. If they willingly cast off and vtterly forsake both profession of Christ and communion with Christians, taking their leaue of all religion, this is to separate themselues by plaine apostasie. Hooker. Sermon 1, on St. Jude.

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SEPULCHRE.

SEX

And (Abraham) seide, zyne ze to me the rist of sepulcre (E.V. birying place, sepulchri) with you, that I birie my deed bodis.-Wic. Gen. xxiii. 4.

(They) do so overhonour the dead that they abridge some parts of them (e. g. pieces of pretended saints) of due sepelition.-Bp. Hall, v. iii. p. 103, fo. ed.

SEQUESTER.

Therfor he ordeynen to hem alle the nit coostis of hem, to be sequestrid or departid (sequestrari) to alle doynge sacrifice in Jerusalem.- Wic. 1 Mac. xi. 34.

For she sequestryd hir opynyon from al the world.
Lyfe of our Ladye, d. 7, c. 1. Carton.
SERE. See SEAR.

SERGEANT.

Forsothe Saul sente sergeauntis (E. V. seruauntis, apparitores) that schulden rauysche Dauid, and it was answeride, that he was sijk.- Wic. 1 Kings xix. 14.

SERIES. The adj. Serial is now in common use to denote publications in successive numbers, parts, or volumes.

SERMON.

And me sermounende (L. V. while I speke, sermocinante) manye thingis, hondis to ther mouth thei shall putte. Wic. Wisd. viii. 12. Ritwise ben all my sermownes (L. V. wordis, sermones); ther is not in hem any thing shreude, or peruertid. Id. Prov. viii. 8. For abhomynacioun of the Lord is eche gilour; and with the simple (is) the sermounyng. (L. V. speking, sermociRatio.)-Id. Ib. iii. 32.

SERVE. Servitude is used by Milton for Ser

vants.

Lo! the Lord hath closid me, that Y schulde not bere child; entre thou to my seruauntesse (E. V. hand-maydyn, ad ancillam), if in hap Y schal take children, namelí of hir.-Wic. Gen. xvi. 2.

Forsothe Queen Sabaa seynge al the wisdom of Salomon and the dwellynge placis of the seruauntis, and the ordres of the seruistours.... (L.V. mynystris, ministrantium.)-Id. 3 Kings x. 5.

(I am) al so fully hire servand,

As créature or man livand

May be to lady or princesse.-Chaucer. Dreme, v. 1629.
Unjustly thou deprav'st it with the name
Of servitude, to serve whom God ordains,
Or Nature.-Milton. Par. L. b. vi. v. 175.
After him a cumbrous train

Of herds and flocks and numerous servitude.
Id. Ib. b. xii. v. 132.

SETTLE. To settle, sc. a Colony, a body of Emigrants-is common in our geographical writers. The first town that was settled by the English in North America was called James Town, near Chesapeak Bay. This was in the year 1607. New Hampshire appears to have been settled about the year 1623.-Ency. Metrop. in v. America. SEVER.

A man peruertid rereth striues; and the man ful of woordis seuereth. (L. V. departith, separat.) Wic. Prov. xvi. 28. Forsothe Isaie profeciede in either rewme; now togidere, now seuerendli he ordeynede the profecie. Id. Prol. to Isaiah, p. 224.

SEVERE. Seuerity is continuance and perseuerance of oon maner of lyuyng as wele in the thyngys within as in theym withoute.-The Boke of Tulle of Old Age. Caxton, g. 23.

SEUREMENT. See SURE.

SEURETY.

SEW. See SUE.

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SHACKLE.

SHA

So the stretch'd cord the shackle-dancer tries,
As prone to fall as impotent to rise,
When freed he moves, the sturdy cable bends,
He mounts with pleasure, and secure descends.
To the Memory of I. Philips.
SHADE.

(A spot) unapproachable, Save through a gap in the hills, an opening Shadeless, and shelterless. Wordsworth. Excursion, b. vii. SHAFT. See Piers Plouhman, in v. Shape, infra.

He smote the brother of Goliath Jothee, whose spere schaft (hasta lignum) was as the beme of websteris. Wic. 1 Par. xx. 5.

SHAKE.

Therfor sche gaderide in the feelde til to euentid: and sche beet with a 3erde; and schook (excutiens) out the thingis that sche had gaderid.-Wic. Ruth ii. 17. Her heres (were) shoken fast withall, As from her hedde they wolden fall. SHALE.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose, v. 363.

But all nis a worth a nutte shale. Gower. Conf. Am. fo. 66. A shepherd lad, set on a bancke to shale The ripen'd nuts pluck'd in a woody vale, Is frighted thence. Browne. British Pastorals, b. ii. st. 4. SHAM. See Quotation from Tatler in v. Bubble, and Locke in v. Wheedle.

The word sham is true cant of the Newmarket breed.

It is contracted of ashamed. The native signification is a town lady of diversion in country maid's cloaths, who, to make good her disguise, pretends to be so 'sham'd: thence it became proverbial, when a maimed lover was laid up, or looked meager, that he had met with a sham.

SHAME.

North. Examen, p. 231.

Shryve thee, and be shamed therof.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 3219. Waxe thei ashamed, and shamely drede (reuereantur) thei togidere: that thanken to myn enelis. Be thei clad with confusioun and shamefast drede (reuerentia), that deedis of malice thenken vp on me.-Wic. Ps. xxxiv. 26. Be thei confoundid, and shamefastli drede (reuereantur) thei togidere; that sechen my soul, that thei do it awei. Id. lb. xxxix. 15. Nyle thon departe fro a wijs womman, and good, whom thou hast gete in the drede of the Lord, for whi the grace of hir schamfastnesse is aboue gold (gratia verecundia). Id. Eccl. vii. 21.

SHAPE.

For be a man fair or foul,
It falleth noght for to lakke,
The shap ne the shaft
That God shoop hymselve.

Piers Plouhman's Vision, v. 7346.

So is the Fader a ful God, Formeur and shappere.-Id. Ib. v. 11707. God that thee fat, thow hast forsaak, and hast forget the Lord thi shapere. (L. V. Creatour, Creatoris.) Wic. Deut. xxxii. 18.

Forsothe Joseph was fair in face, and schapli in sitt. (E. V. seemly, decorus aspectu.)—ld.' Gen. xxxix. 6. Biholde thou in thi schaplynesse (specie), and thi fairnesse; come thou forth with prosperite, and regne thou. ld. Ps. xliv. 5.

I made things (of earthen ware) round and shapable, which before were filthy things indeed to look on. Defoe. Robinson Crusoe.

SHARE. After this was Sangar, the sone of Anath, that smoot of Philistiym six hundred men with a shaar (vomere). Wic. Judges iii. 31. Thanne Abner, the speer turned awei, smoot him in the sheer. (L. V. in the schar, in inguine: marg. note, In Ebrew it is, smoot him bihinde the mawe in the fyuethe rib, vndur whiche ben the membris of liyf.) Id. 2 Kings ii. 23.

SHARP. For thei sharpiden out (exacuerunt) as a swerd ther tungis.- Wic. Ps. lxiii. 4.

Sharpeth arwes (acuite); fulfilleth arwe cases.
Id. Jer. li. 11.
And he that sharp'd,
And pocketed a prize by fraud obtain'd,
Was mark'd and shunn'd as odious.

SHAVE.

Cowper. The Task, b. iii. v. 86.

And whanne the man hath washide his clothes, he shal shave (radet) alle the heeris of the bodi. Wic. Lev. xiv. 8. And she (Dalila) clepid the barbour, and he shoof (L. V. schauede, rasit) seuen heeris of hym. Id. Judges xvi. 19.

SHI

SHEAF. In the various readings of Wiclif's Bible, Gen. xxxvii. 7, the Lat. Manipulos is rendered sheeues or handfuls.

SHEAR.

My vertue driede as a shord (L. V. tiyl stone, testa), and my tunge cleuede to my chekis-Wic. Ps. xxi. 16.

If thou maist finden any shore,

Or hole or refte, what ere it were,
Than shalt thou stoupe and lay to ere,
If they within aslepè be.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose, v. 2660. SHED. Shydered bones, i. e. shattered. Dyce says-split, splintered. Skelton, v. i. p. 18.

And sche anoyntide hir with beste myrre, and sche schedide the heer of hir heed. (E. V. platte, discriminavit.) Wic. Judith x. 3.

SHEEN. Spenser writes Shine (for the sake of the rhyme).

So soon as heavens window shewed light,
These warlike champions, all in warlike shine,
Assembled were in field, the challenge to define.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 3, § 3. SHEEP. Shepen or Sheepen, the sheep-cote. Tyrwhitt says-A stable.

But now it greueth me to remebre these diuers in janglings of these shepy people.-Chaucer. Test. of Loue, b. i. Those (eyes) of an amorous, roguish look derive their title even from the sheep, and we say such an one has a sheep's eye, not so much to denote the innocence, as the simple sliness of the cast.-Spectator, No. 250.

Mutton was formerly observed to be the food rather of men of nice and delicate appetite, than those of strong and robust constitutions. For which reason, even at this day, we use the word sheep-biter as a term of reproach, as we do beef-eater in a respectful and honourable sense.

Tatler, No. 148. SHELTER. See Wordsworth, in v. Shade, supra.

SHELTRUM, or SCHELTRUM. In A. S. Scyldtruma, scutum validum, testudo. Dr. Jamieson thinks the last word is not trum, powerful, but rather truma, a troop, of shields, or in the form of a shield. Holinshed (quoted by Dr. Jamieson) in his description of the battle of Falkirk, describes the Scotch Shiltrons, to be "Round battailes, in form of a circle." Wiclif renders the Lat. Acies, by this word.

Ther scheltron sone was shad (shed, dispersed) with Inglis that were gode, Pite of non thei had, bot alle to dede gode.

R. Brunne, p. 305. And thei dressiden atens hem sheltrun (aciem) in the wodi valey.- Wic. Gen. xiv. 8. SHELVE. See SHELF.

SHEND, v.

Ne destroze thou or shend (disperdas) Dauid.

Wic. Ps. lvi. 1. Lord! Be thou myndeful of the schenschipe (E. V. rePre opprobrii) of thi seruauntis, of many hethen men whiche Y helde togidere in my bosum. Which diden schenschipfuli (L. V. repreveden, exprobaverunt), for thei dispisiden the chaungyng of thi Crist.

ld. Ib. lxxxviii. 52. Forsothe Saul, wrooth atens Jonathan, seide to hym, Thou sone of a womman wilfulli catching a man, whether I knowe not, that thou louest the sone of Ysay (Jesse) into thi confusioun, and into the confusioun of thi shenful (L. V. schendful, ignominiosæ) modir. Id. 1 Kings xx. 30.

In to Joas also thei enhauntiden schendschipful domys. (L. V. schameful, ignominiosas.)-Id. 2 Par. xxiv. 24. SHENE. See SHINE. SHEPEN. See SHEEP. SHERE. See SHEAR. SHERT. See SHIRT. SHET. See SHUT. SHETE. See SHOOT, SHEET. SHIDDER. See SHED.

SHIELD. Sheldes were Fr. crowns (écus), so called from having on one side the figure of a Shield. His bodi is as Jotun scheldys (scuta fusilia) of bras, and ioyned togidere with scalis ouerleiynge hemself.

For he was bonde in a recognizance
To payen twenty thousand sheldes.

Wic. Job xli. 6.

Chaucer. The Shipmannes Tale, v. 13261.

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