And heo of scapye harmyles the gultes echon.

R. Gloucester, p. 335. And holy churche thorw. worth harmed for evere. Piers Plouhman, p. 36. Do thy neyhebore non harme. ne the selve nother Than dost thow wel and wisliche.-Id. p. 248. For much they disturbled me

For sore I dradde to harmed be.-Chaucer. Rom. of the R. And Tullius sayth, that no sorwe, ne no drede of deth, ne nothing that may falle unto a man, is so muchel ageins nature, as a man to encrese his owen profite, to harme of nother man.-Id. The Tale of Melibeus.

Dispise and cast away her that playeth so harmefully, for hee that is now cause of so muche sorowe to thee, should e to thee cause of peace & of ioye.-Id. Boecius, b. ii.

But where a prince his lustes sueth,

That he the warre not pursueth

Whan it is tyme to ben armed:

For who that loketh all tofore,

And woll not see, what is behynde:

He maie full ofte his harmes finde.-Id. Ib. b. v.

Your studie and drifte is to kill me, a man that albeeit I er non other but a very man, yet wer I innocent and one at harme no man.-Udal. John, c. 8.

No man is hurt but of himselfe, that is to say: aduersitie wrong suffering is no harme to him that hath a constant art; and liues vpright in all his doings.

Wilson. Arte of Rhetorique, p. 120. For he was for no other cause afflicted, beaten, spytte on, and crucified as an harmfull person, where he was nocent and gyltlesse, but onely to pourge vs (who are in ry dede hurtfull caytifes and sinners) from al oure sinnes d iniquities.-Udal. Hebrews, c. 4.

They that long to be ryche, dooe fall into temptacion, and to the grynne of the deuyll, and into many desyres vnproable and harmefull.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1203.

With gentle touche whoes harmlesse flame did shine,
Upon his heare, about his temples spred.

Surrey. Virgile. Æneis, b. ii.

The kynge remoued his siege to a castell of the bisshop of

mbray named Thune, standyng upon the ryuer of Lestant, here the kyng lay longe tyme wythout harme-doynge vnto

e sayde castell.-Fabyan. Chronicle, an. 1377.

And the example of Tully ought in this point to be lowed, who when it was in his power to harme and to are (as himselfe affirmeth) sought for causes of forgivesse, and not occasions of punishment: which is the proper tie of a discreet and considerate judge. Holland. Ammianus, p. 142.

Flesh without blood, a person without spright, Wounds without hurt, a body without might, That could doe harme, yet could not harmed bee, That could not die, yet seem'd a mortall wight, That was most strong in most infirmitee; Like did he never heere, like did he never see. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 11.

And look, as arrows, by strong arm
In a strong bow drawn to the head,

Where they are meant, will surely harm,
And if they hit, wound deep and dread;
Children of youth are even so;

As harmful, deadly, to a foe.-P.Fletcher. Psalm 127.
But a scholer, by myne opinion, is better occupied in
ying or sleping, than in spending tyme, not onlie vainlie,
t also harmfullie, in soch a kinde of exercise [paraphrasis.]
Ascham. The Scholemaster, pt. ii.
And when sharp Winter shoots her sleet and harden'd hail,
Or sudden gusts from sea the harmless deer assail,
The shrubs are not of pow'r to shield them from the wind.
Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 2.

The deadly killing aspic, when he seeth
This world of creatures, sheaths his poison'd teeth,
And with the adder and the speckled snake,
Them to a corner harmlessly betake.-Id. Noah's Flood.

For when through tasteless flat humility

In dough-bak'd men some harmlessness we see, 'Tis but his phlegm that's virtuous, and not he.

Donne. Letter to the Lady Carey.

So good a lady, that no tongue could euer
Pronounce dishonour of her; by my life,
She neuer knew harme-doing.

Shakespeare. Hen. VIII. Act ii. sc. 3.

Though we obey laws, and comply with received customs, id avoid all occasions of contention, though our tempers e meek, our principles peaceable, and our conversations offensive, we may yet prove successless in our endeavours live peaceably, and may be hated, harmed, and disquieted our course of life.-Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 30.

As God hath thought fit to leave us exposed to the Devil's ttempts, for the exercise of our virtue, so he hath taken are to order matters in such a way, that we may always do urselves good, and improve both our virtue and rewards, y the assaults of the Devil, though he can do us no harm y them.-Sharp, vol. iii. Ser. 4.

Yes, let me own,

To these, or classick deities like these, From very childhood was I prone to pay Harmless idolatry.-Mason. The English Garden, b. iii. Indeed were a design ever so well chosen, and harmlesly carried on, yet few things are so likely to hinder the success of it, as too great vehemence.-Secker, vol. iii. Ser. 5.

When the persecution is for modes of faith, their truth or falsehood comes in question: when for the common genius of religion, its harmlesness or malignity is the only matter of enquiry.-Warburton. Divine Legation, Pref. (1758.)

HARMONY. HARMONICAL. HARMONICK. HARMONICKS, N. HARMONICALLY. HARMONIOUS. HARMONIOUSLY. HA'RMONIST. HARMONIZE, v.

Fr. Harmonie; It. Armonia; Sp. Armonia; Lat. Harmonia; Gr. Αρμονία. Musicis ita dicitur concentus; ac propriè ita vocatur apta omnis commissura ac compages, ab apμuosw, quod ab άρμος, uti hoc ab αρω, apto, (Vossius.)

The fit or apt union or connexion of parts; in concordant proportion; in agreement or correspondence; in musical proportion or concord.

O (qd. she) there is a melody in heauen, which clerkes cleapen harmony, but that is not in breaking of voice, but it is a maner swete thing of kindly werching, yt causeth ioy out of nomber to recken, and that is ioyned by reason and by wisedome, in a quantity of proporcion of knitting. Chaucer. Testament of Loue, b. ii. And with the swete harmony, that he made on his harpe, he cōstrained the iuel spirite, that vexed kinge Saule, to forsake him, continuynge the tyme that he harped. Sir T. Elyot. Governour, b. i. c. 7. God graunteth to some men prowesse martiall To a nother daunsinge, with song harmonical.

Id. Ib. c. 20. from Homer. Touching musicall harmonie, whether by instrument or by voyce, it being but of high and low sounds a due proportionable disposition, such notwithstanding is the force thereof, and so pleasing effects it hath in that very part of man which is most diuine, that some haue beene thereby induced to thinke that the soule it selfe by nature is, or hath in it harmony.-Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. v. § 38.

All men in shape I did so far excel,

(The parts in me such harmony did bear) As in my model Nature seem'd to tell, That her perfection she had placed here.

Drayton. Legend of Pierce Gaveston. No man is able so well to judge of song and harmonical measures, as the best and most experienced musician. Holland. Plutarch, p. 581.

Thus much therefore may suffice, to shew that neither the harmonique, nor the rythmick, nor any one of these faculties of musick, which is named particular, can be sufficient of it self alone to judge of the affection, or to discern of other qualities. Id. Ib. p. 1026.

Oft in bands

While they keep watch, or nightly rounding walk
With heav'nly touch of instrumental sounds
In full harmonic number join'd, their songs
Divide the night, and lift our thoughts to heaven.
Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iv.

Plato therefore intending to declare harmonically the harmony of the four elements of the soul, and the cause why

things so divers accorded together; in each intervall hath

put down two medieties of the soul, and that according to musicall proportion.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 1022.

Probably either these [contrary qualities in Adam] were so harmoniously mixed, as that there was no tendency to a dissolution.-Hopkins. Funeral Serm. Eccl. ix. 5.

A king's name

Doth sound harmoniously to men at distance.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Coronation, Actv.

By orderly disposing and harmonizing of them, he did by that means produce this most beautiful and perfect animal of the world.-Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 215.

We conclude therefore that Vrania or the heavenly Venus, was sometimes amongst the Pagans a name for the Supreme Deity, as that which is the most amiable being, and first pulchritude, the most benign and fecund begetter of all things, and the constant harmonizer of the whole world. Id. Ib. p. 489.

The composer should fit his musick to the genius of the people, and consider that the delicacy of hearing, and taste of harmony has been formed upon those sounds which every country abounds with: in short, that musick is of a relative nature, and what is harmony to one ear, may be dissonance to another.-Spectator, No. 29.

They will soon conclude, that this machine is the whole man; and that the harmonical soul, in the hypothesis of an harmonia præstabilita, is merely a fiction and a dream. Clarke. Fifth Reply to Leibnitz.

How oft hast thou thy votaries beheld
At Crambo merry met, and hymnyng shrill
With voice harmonic each, whilst others frisk
In mazy dance, or Cestrian gambols show,
Elate with mighty joy.-J. Philips. Cerealia, (1706.)

Such Venus shines, when with a measur'd bound
She smoothly gliding swims th' harmonious round,
When with the Graces in the dance she moves,
And fires the gazing Gods with ardent love.

Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. xviii.

But the atheistical astrologer is doubly pressed with this absurdity. For if there was no counsel at the making of the world, how came the Asterisms of the same nature and energies to be so harmoniously placed at regular intervals?

Bentley, Ser. 3.

Musick belongs, as a science, to an interesting part of natural philosophy, which, by mathematicall deductions from constant phenomena, explains the causes and properties of sound, limits the number of mixed, or harmonick, sounds to a certain series, which perpetually recurs, and fixes the ratio which they bear to each other, or to one leading term.-Id. Musical Modes of the Hindus.

As harmony is the end of poetical measures, no part of a verse ought to be so separated from the rest as not to remain still more harmonious than prose, or to show, by the dispo sition of the tones, that it is part of a verse.

Rambler, No. 90.

It was their wish to see publick and private virtues not dissonant and jarring, and mutually destructive, but harmoniously combined, growing out of one another in a noble and orderly gradation, reciprocally supporting and supported. Burke. On the Present Discontents,

From part to part alternately convey
The harmonizing gloom, the darting ray
With tones so just, in such gradation thrown,
Adopting Nature owns the work her own.

HARNESS, v. Į Fr. Harnois; It. Arnése; HARNESS, n. Sp. Arnés; Ger. Harnisch; Dut. Harnas; Sw. Harnisk; Low Lat. Harnascha, which Hickes thinks means armour for the head or skull, from the Goth. Quarnei, the skull, (Gram. Franco. Theot. p. 92.) Wachter, that it is either the A. S. Iren, or Welsh Haiarn, both signifying iron, the metal of which harness or armour is made: and supposes the word to have had its origin in the times when the Gauls and Germans began to cover the body with iron. The verb is used generally,

To dress or furnish, to arm: also to equip with harness, or the furniture used for draught horses. By 7 Richard II. c. 13, Launce-gaies armors and other harnies whatsoever are prohibited upon paine of forfaiture, &c.

Norreis and Surreis, that seruise auht the kyng,
With hors & herneis at Carlele made samnyng.
R. Brunne, p. 309.
Ich have seyen hym my self, som tyme in russet
Bothe in greye and in greys. and in gylt harneis.
Piers Plouhman, p. 282.

And on that other side a gaie daggere,
Harneised wel, and sharpe as point of spere.
Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 114.

And rise on morow up erly
Out of thy bed, and harneis the

Or euer dawning thou maist see.-Id. Rom. of the Rose.

And on the morwe whan the day gan spring,
Of hors and harneies noise and clattering
Ther was in the hostelries all aboute.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2494. Cesar sent ouer the Rhine into Germanye, vnto those cities which thother yeres before he had pacified, and demaunded of them horsmen, and fotemen light harnessed (levis armatura) which were wont to feight amongest them Goldinge. Cæsar, fol. 220.

He [my father] was able, and did find the king a harres, with himselfe and his horse, while he came to the place that he should receive the king's wages. I can remember that I buckled his harnes, when he went to Blackheath fielde. Latimer. First Sermon preached before King Edward.

Where stand of old

Myriads between two brazen mountains lodg'd
Against a solemn day, harnest at hand,

Celestial equipage.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vii.

The citizens sent the king's grace one hundred tall men well harnessed, to furnishe his nauie, appoynted to kepe the narow seas.-Grafton. Hen. VIII. an. 13.

Thus when I plow my ground, my horse is harnessed and chained to my plough, and put in his track or furrow, and guided by my whip and my tongue.

Hale. Origin. of Mankind, p. 50. At least we'll dye with harnesse on our backe.

Shakespeare. Macbeth, Act v. sc. 5. Great men should drinke with harnesse on their throates. Id. Timon of Athens, Act i. sc. 2.

Thus he concludes, and euery hardy knight
His sample follow'd, and his breth'ren twaine,
The other princes put on harnesse light,
As footmen vse.

Fairefax. Godfrey of Bovlogne, b. xi. s. 25.

Venutius, a famous king of the Brigantes, and husband to Cartismandua, (a woman of an high and noble linage, but of a base and vnsatisfied lust,) finding his bed abused by Vellocatus his seruant and harnesse-bearer, raised his power Speed. Great Britane, b. v. c. 6. s. 12. As when Jove's harnesse-bearing bird from hye Stoupes at a flying heron with proud disdayne, The stone-dead quarrey falls so forciblye, That it rebownds against the lowly playne, A second fall redoubling backe againe.

against her, and her paramour.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 11. When he was come home, being forgetful of his promises, he had raised much strife and contention, and had caused all his servants to be secretly armed and harnessed.

Burnet. Hist. of the Reformation, an. 1548.

He spoke; and, at his word, the Trojan train
Their mules and oxen harness to the wain,
Pour thro' the gates, and, fell'd from Ida's crown,
Roll back the gather'd forests to the town.

Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xxiv. Wisely, therefore, did Plato advise us not to exercise the body without the soul, nor the soul without the body; but to let them draw together equally, like horses harnessed together in a carriage.-Knox. Winter Evenings, Even. 25.

And yet [you] will voluntary run
To that confinement you would shun,
Content to drudge along the track,
With bell and harness on your back.

Lloyd. A Dialogue between the Author and his Friend.

harp.

A. S. n. Hearpe, earpa; A. S. v. Hearpian; Ger. n. Harpfe; Dut. Harpe; Sw. Harpa; Fr. Harpe; It. Arpa; Sp. Harpa; Low Lat. Harpa.

To harp,-to play upon the

(Met.) to strike upon the same string, to touch repeatedly upon the same subject, to rest or dwell upon it, to touch or affect.

Menestral he was gode ynow, & harpare in eche poynte. To Athelston pauylon myd ys harpe he wende, And so wel wythoute harpede, that me after hym sende. R. Gloucester, p. 272. Mony hundrede of aungeles. harpeden tho and songen. Piers Plouhman, p. 363. For tho thingis that ben withouten the soule and ghyueth voicis, eithir pipe eithir harpe, but tho ghyuen distinccion of sowningis hou schal it be knowun that is sungun eithir that that is trumpid.-Wiclif. 1 Cor. c. 14.

Moreouer, when thynges wythout lyfe geue sounde: whether it be a pipe, or an harpe: except they make a distinccion in the soundes: howe shal it be knowen what is pyped or harped.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

And in his harping, whanne that he hadde songe,
His eyen twinkeled in his hed aright,
As donne the sterres in a frosty night.

And on this syde fast by Sat the harper Orion And Eacides Chirion

Chaucer. The Prologue, v. 268.

And other harpers many one.-Id. House of Fame, b. iii.

Lo, this is my sentence

Eke, whan men harpe-strings smite
Wheder it be much or lite

Lo, with the stroke the eyre it breketh.-Id. Ib. b. ii.

He taketh the harpe, and in his wise
He tempreth, and of such assise
Synginge he harpeth forth with all,
That as a voice celestiall

Hem thought it sowned in her ere,

As though that it an angell were.-Gower. Con. A. b. viii.

King Hery thereto would not condiscende, but still harped on thys stryng, that the virgyn, whych was lawfully combyned in matrymony with Maximilian, kynge of Romans, shoulde not be compelled agaynste her wil and promes. Hall. Hen. VII. an. 6.

A harpe well playde on shewyth swete melody A harper with his wrest may tune the harpe wrong Mystuning of an instrument shal hurte a true song. Skelton. Trouth & Information. This string you cannot upon every apt occasion, harp upon too much.-Bacon, to Essex, Oct. 4, 1576.

A mill sixpence of my mother's I loved as dearly, and a two-pence I had to spend over and above; besides, the harper that was gathered amongst us to pay the piper.

B. Jonson. The Gipsies Metamorphoord.

Many excellent harpers there were, and players of the lute.-Holland. Plutarch, p. 1037.

And can no lesse
Tame the fierce walkers of the wildernesse,
Than that Æagrian harpist, for whose lay
Tigers with hunger pinde and left their pray.

Browne. Britannia's Pastorals, b. i. a. 5.

Also over night before the Nones of Februarie, (i the fourth day of the same moneth) the harpe-starre Fidica goeth downe, and is no more seene.

Holland. Plinie, b. xviil. c. 2.

Such were his intentions, and such his judgment about this practice; and we find him in effect true and answerable to them, every song of his, every meditation, every exercise of devotion chiefly harping upon this string; (the goodness of God.)-Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 26.

I know, the party are perpetually karping upon it, that Christ and his apostles, and our first reformers, opposed establishments.-Waterland. Works, vol. vi. p. 293.

Amongst the Roman emperors (the lords of a great part of the world) we find Nero at his harp, Domitian killing ties, and Commodus playing the fencer; and all this only to busy themselves some way or other: nothing being so grievous and tedious to human nature, as perfect idleness. South, vol. iv. Ser. 12

But beauty gone, 'tis easier to be wise;
As harpers better by the loss of eyes.

Parnell. An Elegy to an Old Beauty. Their harpsichords set them so upon their round o's and minuits, that the form of their battle was broken, and three hundred thousand of them slain.

King. The Art of Cookery.

in yon deep bed of whispering reeds
His airy harp shall now be laid,
That he, whose heart in sorrow bleeds,
May love through life the soothing shade.
Collins. Ode on the Death of Mr. Thomas.
Muse, hang this harp upon yon aged beech,
Still murmuring with the solemn truths I teach,
And while at intervals a cold blast sings,
Through the dry leaves, and pants upon the strings,
My soul shall sigh in secret, and lament
A nation scourg'd, yet tardy to repent.

Cowper. Expostulation.
And you, ye host of saints, for ye have known
Each dreary path in life's perplexing maze,
Tho' now ye circle yon eternal throne

With harpings high of inexpressive praise, Will not your train descend in radiant state To break with mercy's beam this gathering cloud of m Mason, Br

If apostolic gravity be free

To play the fool on Sundays, why not we?
If he the tinkling harpsichord regards
As inoffensive, what offence in cards?
Strike up the fiddles, let us all be gay,
Laymen have leave to dance, if parsons play.

Cowper. The Progress of Error The quills of ravens sell for twelve shillings the bundet, being of great use in tuning the lower notes of a harpsichord when the wires are set at a considerable distance from the sticks.-Pennant. British Zoology. The Raven.

At last the enemies from out the Carthaginian ship began to cast out certain loggets, with yron hookes at for end (which the souldiers call harpagones) [grapples for take hold upon the Roman ships.-Holland. Livits, p The boat, which on the first assault did go, Strook with a harping-ir'n the younger foe. Waller. The Battle of the Summer Isissä. Some fish with harpoons, some with darts are struck, Some drawn with nets, some hang upon the hook. Dryden. Ovid. Art of Lore, b The women, who commonly know their husbands' de signs, prevent them from doing any injury to each other by hiding their lances, harpoons, bows and arrows, or any weapon that they have.-Dampier. Voyages, an. 1681.

Though he struck the fish with a kind of harping-iron, d wounded him, I am convinced, to death, yet he could t possess himself of his body.

Fielding. A Voyage to Lisbon. Each sail is set to catch the favouring gale, While on the yard-arm the harpooner sits.

Grainger. The Sugar Cane, b. ii. They [the basking shark] will permit a boat to follow them thout accelerating their motion till it comes almost within tact; when a harpooner strikes his weapon into them, near to the gills as possible; but they are often so insenle, as not to move till the united strength of two men forced in the harpoon deeper.

Pennant. British Zoology. The Basking Shark. HARPY. Gr. 'Aprviai; Lat. Harpura, so led from their rapaciousness; from the Gr. παζ-ειν, rapere.

or ilands in the salt sea great thei [Strophades] stand, wherein doth dwell,

eleno foule mishapen bird, and harpies more right fell: yke foules with maidens face thei ben, their paunches wyde defilde

ith garbage great, their hooked pawes thei sprede, and euer pale

ith hungry lookes. Phaer. Virgill. Æneidos, b. iii. What resteth then but this?

lucke downe those grating harpies that

Seduce our king amis,

worthles stil, set vp a king Worthier than he that is.

Warner. Albion', England, b. v. c. 28.
With that

oth table and provision vanisht quite
ith sound of harpies wings, and talons heard;
nly the importune tempter still remain'd.

Millon. Paradise Regained, b ii.

en pushed souldiers with their pikes,

And holbarders with handy strokes,

e hargabushe in fleshe it lightes,

And dims the ayre with misty smokes.

Vncertaine Auctors. The Assault of Cupid, &c. ter came 16,000 Janizaries, called the slaues of the Signior, all a foote, euery one hauing his harquebush, be his gard, all clothed in violet silke, and apparelled their heades with a straunge forme. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. ii. p. 112.

id when the Emperor's maiestie was setled where he d be, and where he might see all the ordinance disged and shot off, the harquebusiers began to shoot off at anke of ice.-Id. Ib. vol. i. p. 317.

uing discharged our harquebuz-shot, suche a flocke anes (the most part white) arose vnder vs, with such redoubled by many ecchoes, as if an armie of men showted all together.-Id. Ib. vol. iii. p. 246.

the third yeare of the reigne of James the sixt, this it as he was riding through Lithgou, was shot at with an uebus by one James Hamilton, and so wounded, that he of the hurt the next day following.

Holinshed. History of Scotland, an. 1570.

ere were certeine wings and troopes of men of armes, -lances, and light horssemen, and also of harquebusiers, attended vpon these three wards, garded with diuerse es of great artillerie.-Id. Ib. an. 1547.

is how much it served for the framing of men meet for ice, both for the harquebus and great ordnance, was perceived, in that a number of this corporation in a Il time became perfect masters in this military skill. Strype. Memorials. Edw. VI. an. 1548.

HARRAGE. Perhaps intended for harrassed, harried.

nd to me it is a double wonder; first, that this archop would give; secondly, that he could give, living in a raged land, (wherein so much misery and little money) ast a sum.-Fuller. Worthies. Kent.

O that a pot of siluer once would cracke
Beneath my harrow, by Alcides sent.

Beaumont. Persius, Sat. 2 That David made the people of the Ammonites to pass Christian souldiers; because it has so much cruelty.

But meanewhile, to harrasse and wearie the English, they did vpon all aduantages set vpon them with their lighthorse.-Bacon. Hen. VII. p. 63.

A popular government of sin, under a multitude of tyrants, which have, for so long a while, wasted and harrassed the soul.-Hammond. Works, vol. iv. p. 562.

Meanwhile the men of Judah to prevent
The harrass of their land beset me round.

Milton. Samson Agonistes. Being unwilling to refuse any public service, though my, men were already very much harrassed, I marched thither. Ludlow. Memoirs, vol. i. p. 102.

As if we did not suffer enough from the storm which beats upon us without, must we conspire also, in those societies where we assemble, in order to find a retreat from that storm, to harass one another.-Blair, vol. i. Ser. 6. Unnumbered harassers

Of the Fleet and Scots There to flee made were.

Ode on Athelstan's Victory, from the Saxon, Ellis, i. 23. Whilst they exercised their ministry under the harassings of frequent persecution, and in a state of almost continual alarm, it is not probable that, in this engaged, anxious, and unsettled condition of life they would think immediately of writing histories for the information of the public or of posterity. Paley. Evidences of Christianity, pt. i. c. 8.

HA'RRIDAN. Cotgrave says,-" Haridelle, a poor tit, or lean, ill-favoured jade." From the verb harrier, to harry.

One harried, and thus, toiled or worn out.

In a translated suit then tries the town,
With borrow'd pins, and patches not her own,
But just endur'd the winter she began,
And in four months a batter'd harridan.

Pope. Macer, a Character.

HARROW, v. HA'RROW, n. HA'RROWER. HA'RROWING, N. (to harry) verbatim, per eum qui vastavit (i. e.) devicit inferos. And Lye observes that harrow, in Chaucer, is the same as harry; and hence, (he adds,) perhaps, the name was transferred to the tool or instrument with Mr. which land is broken into smaller parts. Steevens says, " To harrow is to conquer, to subdue. The word is of Saxon origin." As the verb, to harry, it is—

Skinner,-" By him that harowed hell" (i. e.) Christ; from A. S. Herg-ian, vastare,

To waste or lay waste, to spoil, to plunder; to disquiet, to disturb, to toil out, weary, or wear out; and, consequentially, to over-power, to subdue; to vex, to disturb, to break or tear to pieces.

Othr shepe othr kyne kepe
Eggen othr harwen, othr swyne othr gees dryve.
Piers Plouhman, p. 76.

Say what thou wilt, I shal it neuer telle
To child ne wif, by him that harwed helle

Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3512.

And it may bee iustly suspected, by the proceedings following, that as the king did excell in good common-wealth lawes; so neuerthelesse hee had (in secret) a designe to make vse of them, as well for collecting of treasure, as for correcting of manners; and so meaning thereby to harrow his people, did accumulate them the rather.

Bacon. Hen. VII. 144.

p.

Most glorious Lord of life, that on this day,
Didst make thy triumph over death and sin:
And hauing harrow'd hell, didst bring away
Captiuitie thence captiue, vs to win.-Spenser, son. 68.
Barn. Lookes it not like the king? Marke it Horatio.
Hora. Most like: it harrowes me with fear and wonder.
Shakespeare. Hamlet, Act i. sc. 1.
Moreover, they are of opinion, that all manner of raking
and harrowing, is an enemie to vines when they be in flowre,
and putting forth young grapes.
Holland. Plinie, b. xvii. c. 22.

But O ere long
Too well I did perceive it was the voice
Of my most honour'd lady, your dear sister.
Amaz'd I stood, harrow'd with grief and fear.

969

Milton. Comus.

Bp. Taylor. Rule of Conscience, b. ii. c. 2. No raking or harrowing can alter the nature of a barren ground, though it may smooth and level it to the eye. South, vol. x. Ser. 11. Every harrower was allowed a brown loaf and two herrings a day. Blount. Ancient Tenures, p. 143.

While any dregs of this baneful system remain, you cannot justly boast of general freedom: it was a system of niggardly and partial freedom, enjoyed by the great barons only, and many-acred men, who were perpetually insulting and giving check to the king, while they racked and harrowed the people.-Sir W. Jones. On the Reformation of Parliament.

Thy weedy fallows let the plough pervade,
Till on the top th' inverted roots are laid,
There left to wither in the noon-tide ray,
Or by the spiky harrow clear'd away.

Scott. Amabean Eclogues.

Our version of this place would have been more accurate, and more strictly comformable to the original, if it had rendered the passage thus: he put them to saws and to harrows of iron, and to axes of iron, and made them pass by, or to the brick-kilns: that is, he put them to hard labour, with the tools, and in the places here specified.

HARRY, v.

Porteus, vol. ii. Ser. 5. Note*.

A. S. Hergian, (1. e. her-ig-an ;) Ger. Hæren; Sw. Haria; Fr. Harier. Ihre interprets, bello aliquem infestare, deriving it from har, an army. The A. S. Hergian (see Somner) is "vastare, spoliare, diripere, deprædari; to waste, or lay waste, to spoile, to plunder, to harry." See Herry in Jamieson; and HARRASS.

To lay waste, to plunder; and as the Fr. Harier, to tire or toil out, to weary or wear out; to vex, to disquiet

On the left side, mo Devils than any herte may thinke, for to hary and drawe the sinful soules to the pitte of helle. Chaucer. The Persones Tale.

King Richarde him-selfe [was] slain in the fielde, hacked and hewed of his enmies handes, haryed on a horsbacke dead, his here in dispite torne and togged lyke a cur dogge. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 69.

Char. A proper man.
Cleo. Indeed he is so I repent me much,
That I so harried him.

Shakespeare. Antony & Cleopatra, Act iii. sc. 3
They entred against the Prouince, and in battle slew Duke
Berthun, harrying the country miserably before him.
Speed. The West-Saxons, b. vii. c. 6. s. 4.

But hee wading thorow these troubles, harried the prouince of the South-Saxons with inuasions and calamities. Id. Ib. b. vii. c. 7. s. 5. an. 598.

Troublesome or distressing; rigorous, rough, grating, austere, morose. See the quotation from Hobbs.

Meates harryshe, lyke the taste of wylde fruites, do constipate and restrayne.-Sir T. Elyot. Castel of Helth, p. 18. But melancholy settled in thy spleen,

My rhymes seem harsh to thy unrelish'd taste, Thy wits that long replenish'd have not been, Wanting kind moisture, do unkindly waste. Drayton. Pastorals, Ecl. 2. His [Eumenes] speech was not harsh nor churlish, but very mild and pleasant, as appeareth by the letters he wrote. North. Plutarch, p. 503.

Confiding in the canon of the Council of Lyons, which forbad the clergy to pay any taxes to princes without the consent of the Pope, he [Robert Winchelsey] created much molestation to himself, King Edward the First using him very harshly, till at last he overcame all with his patience. Fuller. Worthies. Sussex

6 H

O, if thou die before,

My sout from other lands to thee shall soar;

Thy (else almighty) beauty cannot move

Rage from the seas, nor thy love teach them love,
Nor tame wild Boreas' harshness.

Donne. Funeral Elegy on his Wife.

Simple sounds please by equality, as the sound of a bell or lute insomuch as it seems, an equality continued by the percussion of the object upon the ear, is pleasure; the contrary is called harshness, such as is grating, and some other sounds, which do not always affect the body, but only sometimes, and that with a kind of horror beginning at the teeth. Hobbs. Human Nature, c. 8. With harsh-resounding trumpets' dreadfull bray. Shakespeare. Rich. II. Áct i. sc. 3.

Thou old Adam's likenesse, set to dresse this garden: How dares thy harsh-rude tongue sound this vnpleasing Id. Ib. Act iii. sc. 4.

newes.

To whom he sung in rude harsh-sounding rimes,
That ere the next Ascension day at noone,
Your highnes should deliuer vp your crowne.
Id. King John, Act iv. sc. 2.

He who wishes honestly, is no more an enemy to the offender than the physician to the patient, when he prescribes harsh remedies to an inveterate disease.

Dryden. Absalom & Achitophel. To the Reader.

But it is not, perhaps he will pretend, for to assuage a private passion, or to promote his particular concernment, that he makes so bold with his neighbour, or deals so harshly with him; but for the sake of orthodox doctrine, for advantage of the true church, for the advancement of publick good, he judgeth it expedient to asperse him.

Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 18. This [delight in beholding torments] has been the raging passion of many tyrants, and barbarous nations; and be

longs, in some degree. to such tempers as have thrown off that courteousness of behaviour which retains in us a just reverence of mankind, and prevents the growth of harshness

and brutality.

Shaftesbury. Inquiry concerning Virtue, b. ii. pt. ii. s. 3. But their peculiarity is not excellence; if they differ from the verses of others, they differ for the worse; for they are too often distinguished by repulsive harshness.

Johnson. Life of Milton.

We might place in contrast those songs of praise and thanksgiving, which were chaunted to the honour of the God of Israel, accompanied by the cymbol, the sacbut, and the harp, with the harsh and discordant notes, by which savage nations make their earlier attempts at harmony. Cogan. Theol. Dis. on the Jewish Dispensation. With a smile

Gentle, and affable, and full of grace.
As fearful of offending whom he wish'd
Much to persuade, he plied his ear with truths,
Not harshly thunder'd forth, or rudely press'd,
But, like his purpose, gracious, kind, and sweet.

Cowper. The Task.

In rapid floods the vernal torrents roll,
Harsh-sounding cataracts responsive roar ;

Thine angry billows overwhelm my soul,
And dash my shatter'd bark from shore to shore.
Lowth, Lect. 23. Paraph. on Psalm 42, by Gregory.
Fr. Hastilles, the inwards of a

HARSLETbeast; as an hog's-haslet, calf's

HA'SLET.

gather, sheep's pluck, &c. (Cotgrave.) Skinner is inclined to derive this Fr. Hastilles (Lye seems strangely to doubt the existence of the word) from the Fr. Haste, a spit; because these intestines were usually fastened together, and in that state dressed or cooked upon a spit. And see Hatille in Menage.

The Romans came to that excess, that the laws for bad the usage of hogs harslet, sweetbreads, cheeks, &c. at their publick suppers.-King. Art of Cookery, Let. 9.

HART.

R

Their haslels are equal to that of a hog, and the flesh of some of them eats little inferior to beef-steaks. Cook. Voyages, b. i. c. 4. A. S. Heort; Ger. Hirsch ; HART'S-HORN. Dut. Hart; Sw. Hjort. Junius derives from Heort, cor, and thinks it applied to the animal from the largeness and timorousness of its heart. Wachter, from Gr. Kepaos, horned, from the size of its horns; and Ihre from A. S. Heorod, a herd, because they feed or pasture in herds.

Hartshorn, see the quotation from Pennant.

Ther saw he hartes with hir hornes hie.
The gretest that were ever seen with eie.

Chaucer. The Frankeleines Tale, v. 11,503.

Centaurus badde, that he [Achilles] ne sholde
After no best make his chas,

The harts likewise, in troupes taking their flight,
Raysing the dust, the mountains fast forsake.
Surrey. Virgile. Æneis, b. iv.
Down from a hill the beast that reigns in woods,
First hunter then pursu'd a gentle brace,
Goodliest of all the forrest, hart and hinde.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. xi.

A strong solution of the volatile salt of harts-horn, or of blood, made with their own phlegm or spirit, after some time exhibits certain short flat prismes.

Grew. Cosmo. Sacra, b. i. c. 3. "And," as a great warrior said, "I had rather had an army of harts, their general being a lion, than an army of lions, their general being an hart."

Strype. Life of Smith, p. 192. App.

The Count Kinski, ambassador from the emperor to the treaty at Nimeguen, gave me a receipt of the salt of hartshorn, by which a famous Italian physician of the emperor's had performed mighty cures upon many others as well as himself.-Sir W. Temple. Of the Cure of the Gout.

They [the horns of the stag] abound in ammonia, which is the basis of the spirit of hartshorn; and the remains (after the salts are extracted) being calcined, become a valuable astringent in fluxes, which is known by the name of burnt hartshorn.-Pennant. British Zoology. Deer.

HARVEST, v. Į A. S. Harfest, which WachHARVEST, n. (ter derives from the Goth. Ar, annona, and A. S. Fon, capere. Dr. Th. H., in Skinner-from Hertha, whom the ancient Germans worshipped pro Vesta, and feast, q.d. Vestæ seu Terræ, festivitas, seu dies festi. Skinner himself is inclined to herba and festum, q.d. Festum seu festivitas herbarum. The A. S. Har-ian, canescere, to grow or become hoary, and wastmian, fructificare, to bear or produce fruit, (expressing by their composition, the whitening, and, consequentially, the ripening of the fruits of the earth,) seem to present a plain and satisfactory etymology. Harvest, then, will first be used to signify,

Ripened corn; and be, then, applied to the season for the ripening and reaping of corn; to the gathering of any produce, of any thing produced or gained; to the produce or gain itself. Harvest is much used-prefixed.

So that thys duc adde agen heruest al gare Ilys barons & hys knygtes, myd hym vorto fare. R. Gloucester, p. 358. Heruest trees without fruyt, twies deed, drawn up bi the roote.-Wiclif. Judas, v. 11.

And yet what parson or uicar is there that will forget to haue a pygin house to pecke vp somewhat both at sowing tyme, and at haruest whe corne is ripe. They will forget nothing.-Tyndall. Works, p. 136.

Next him September marched eeke on foote;
Yet was he heavy laden with the spoyle

Of harvests riches, which he made his boot,
And him enricht with bounty of the soyle;
In his one hand, as fit for harvests toyle,

He held a knife-hook.-Spenser. Faerie Queene, c. 7.
In harvest time, harvest folk, servants and all,
Should make altogether good cheer in the Hall;
And fill out the black bowl of blythe to their song,
And let them be merry all harvest time long,
Once ended thy harvest, let none be beguiled-
Please such as did help thee-man, woman, and child.

the

HASK. The Glossarist to Spenser says, "A haske, is a wicker ped (basket) wherein they e to carry fish." Mr. Todd, in his note upon passage, cites an instance of the usage of the word from Davison's Poems. Dr. Jamieson thinks may be from the Sw. Hwass, a rush. But nowe sadde winter welked hath the day, And Phoebus, wearie of his yearly taske, Ystabled hath his steedes in lowly lay, And taken up his ynne in fishes haske. Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. Notenbe A. S. Haps, a lock, a kape Hapsian, to locke, to haspe, (S Ger. Hespe; Sw. Haspe; Low Lat. Haste which Spelman calls. -retinaculum quod posti ostium annectit. Skinner and Junius-from the

HASP, v.
HASP, n.

ner.)

Gr. 'ATTEш, nectere. Wachter-from the Ger verb Heb-en, (Goth. Hab-an; A. S. Habben,) tenere, to hold or keep.

His knave was a strong carl for the nones,
And by the haspe he haf it at ones;
Into the flore the dore fell anon.

Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, 1. HiL
Besides these jewels, you must get
Cuff buckles, and an handsome set
Of tags for palatine, a curious hasp
The manteau 'bout her neck to clasp.

Evelyn. A Voyage to Marry-land Haspt in a tombril, awkward have you shin'd, With one fat slave before, and none behind.

Garth. The Dispensary, t. 5 Which may for some uses be a little more commoda the cover be joined (as it may easily be) to the rest of the frame, by two or three little hinges and a hasp, by w`s help the case may be readily opened and shut at peas

Boyle. Works, vol. iii pä

Came there a certaine lord, neat, trimly drest;
Fresh as a bride-groome, and his chin new reapt,
Shew'd like a stubble land at haruest-home.

Shakespeare. 1 Pt. Henry IV. Act i. sc. 3.

And thus of all my harvest-hope I have
Nought reaped but a weedie crop of care.

Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. December.
Think, oh, grateful think!
How good the God of harvest is to you;
Who pours abundance o'er your flowing fields;
While those unhappy partners of your kind
Wide hover round you like the fowls of heaven,
And ask their humble dole.
Thomson. Autumn

I have seen a stock of reeds harvested and stacked, worth two or three hundred pounds.-Pennant. Tour in Scotland.

Fancy, with prophetic glance,
Sees the teeming months advance;
The field, the forest, green and gay,
The dappled slope, the tedded hay;
Sees the reddening orchard blow,
The harvest wave, the vintage flow.

stack.)

Buy a mat for a bed, buy a mat,
A hassock for your feet.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Night-Walker, Act V

HASTE, v. HASTE, n. HA'STEN. HA'STENER. HA'STY. HA'STILY.

Ger. Hasten; Dut. Het Sw. Hasta; Fr. Haster. The A. S. verb is written E efstian, "accelerare, festirare contendere; to hasten, to make speed, to speed or make h to go, to strive, to endeare earnestly," (Somner.) The Ger. Dut. Sw. and Fr. appear to be the sa word, with the omission of ƒ and addition of the aspirate, and the change of e into a.

HA'STINESS.

HA'STINGS, n.

To move or act speedily or swiftly; to accelerat to add to, to increase the speed or swiftness, the velocity; to quicken.

Hasty, (met.)—having the feelings or passics quickly excited; passionate, precipitate, rash. Hastings,-Fr. Hastireau, hastivel, “an bene

applied to peas, as green-hastings