Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global WarmingBloomsbury Publishing USA, 3. 6. 2010 - 368 strán (strany) The U.S. scientific community has long led the world in research on such areas as public health, environmental science, and issues affecting quality of life. Our scientists have produced landmark studies on the dangers of DDT, tobacco smoke, acid rain, and global warming. But at the same time, a small yet potent subset of this community leads the world in vehement denial of these dangers. Merchants of Doubt tells the story of how a loose-knit group of high-level scientists and scientific advisers, with deep connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge over four decades. Remarkably, the same individuals surface repeatedly-some of the same figures who have claimed that the science of global warming is "not settled" denied the truth of studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain, and CFCs to the ozone hole. "Doubt is our product," wrote one tobacco executive. These "experts" supplied it. Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, historians of science, roll back the rug on this dark corner of the American scientific community, showing how ideology and corporate interests, aided by a too-compliant media, have skewed public understanding of some of the most pressing issues of our era. |
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Výsledky 6 - 10 z 39.
Strana 16
... cigarette message would need science to back it up.29 At the end of the day, Hill concluded, “scientific doubts must remain.”30 It would be his job to ensure it. Over the next half century, the industry did what Hill and Knowlton ...
... cigarette message would need science to back it up.29 At the end of the day, Hill concluded, “scientific doubts must remain.”30 It would be his job to ensure it. Over the next half century, the industry did what Hill and Knowlton ...
Strana 17
... 35 U.S. News and World Report practically gushed, “Cigarettes are now gaining support from new studies at the National Cancer Institute.”36 Little's committee prepared a booklet, A Scientific Perspective on the Doubt Is Our Product 17.
... 35 U.S. News and World Report practically gushed, “Cigarettes are now gaining support from new studies at the National Cancer Institute.”36 Little's committee prepared a booklet, A Scientific Perspective on the Doubt Is Our Product 17.
Strana 18
... Cigarette Controversy, which was sent to 176,800 American doctors.37 Fifteen thousand additional copies were sent to editors, reporters, columnists, and members of Congress. A poll conducted two years later showed that “neither the ...
... Cigarette Controversy, which was sent to 176,800 American doctors.37 Fifteen thousand additional copies were sent to editors, reporters, columnists, and members of Congress. A poll conducted two years later showed that “neither the ...
Strana 19
... cigarette—and the tobacco industry exploited them both. Murrow's later death from lung cancer was both tragic and ironic, for during World War II Murrow had been an articulate opponent of meretricious balance in reporting. As David ...
... cigarette—and the tobacco industry exploited them both. Murrow's later death from lung cancer was both tragic and ironic, for during World War II Murrow had been an articulate opponent of meretricious balance in reporting. As David ...
Strana 21
... cigarette smoking is the major causative factor in lung cancer.”57 In 1962, the Royal College of Physicians of London had declared that “cigarette smoking is a cause of cancer and bronchitis and probably contributes to . . . coronary ...
... cigarette smoking is the major causative factor in lung cancer.”57 In 1962, the Royal College of Physicians of London had declared that “cigarette smoking is a cause of cancer and bronchitis and probably contributes to . . . coronary ...
Obsah
1 | |
36 | |
Acid Rain | 66 |
Whats Bad Science? Who Decides? | 136 |
The Denial of Global Warming | 169 |
The Revisionist | 216 |
Acknowledgments | 275 |
Index | 345 |
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acid rain American argued argument Assessment Atmospheric attack Bad Science Bill Nierenberg Carbon Dioxide cause CFCs chapter chlorine Cigarette claims Climate Change colleagues Committee debate defense Earth’s effects emissions Environment Environmental environmentalists experts Fred Singer Frederick Seitz free market George H. W. Bush Glantz global warming Health Heartland Institute human Ibid impact insisted IPCC issue Legacy Tobacco Documents letter Lomborg lung cancer Marshall Institute ment Naomi Oreskes National Academy nuclear winter ozone depletion ozone hole panel percent pesticides Philip Morris physicists Policy political pollution president President’s problem Protection published R. J. Reynolds Reagan regulation Revelle risk Robert Jastrow Santer scientists secondhand smoke Silent Spring SIO Archives skeptics Soviet stratosphere tion Tobacco Documents Library tobacco industry U.S. Government University Press Wall Street Journal WAN papers Washington White House William Nierenberg World York