Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global WarmingBloomsbury Publishing USA, 3. 6. 2010 - 368 strán (strany) The U.S. scientific community has long led the world in research on such areas as public health, environmental science, and issues affecting quality of life. Our scientists have produced landmark studies on the dangers of DDT, tobacco smoke, acid rain, and global warming. But at the same time, a small yet potent subset of this community leads the world in vehement denial of these dangers. Merchants of Doubt tells the story of how a loose-knit group of high-level scientists and scientific advisers, with deep connections in politics and industry, ran effective campaigns to mislead the public and deny well-established scientific knowledge over four decades. Remarkably, the same individuals surface repeatedly-some of the same figures who have claimed that the science of global warming is "not settled" denied the truth of studies linking smoking to lung cancer, coal smoke to acid rain, and CFCs to the ozone hole. "Doubt is our product," wrote one tobacco executive. These "experts" supplied it. Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, historians of science, roll back the rug on this dark corner of the American scientific community, showing how ideology and corporate interests, aided by a too-compliant media, have skewed public understanding of some of the most pressing issues of our era. |
Vyhľadávanie v obsahu knihy
Výsledky 6 - 10 z 93.
Strana 12
... causes of atherosclerosis, possible viral causes of cancer, and details of drug metabolism and interactions. Two ... cause mad cow disease—for which he later won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.8 All of the chosen studies ...
... causes of atherosclerosis, possible viral causes of cancer, and details of drug metabolism and interactions. Two ... cause mad cow disease—for which he later won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.8 All of the chosen studies ...
Strana 13
... causes or development mechanisms of chronic degenerative diseases imputed to cigarettes,” Stokes went on, “including lung cancer, emphysema, and cardiovascular disorders.” Many of the attacks against smoking were based on studies that ...
... causes or development mechanisms of chronic degenerative diseases imputed to cigarettes,” Stokes went on, “including lung cancer, emphysema, and cardiovascular disorders.” Many of the attacks against smoking were based on studies that ...
Strana 14
... causes of illness other than smoking. Prusiner's work, for example, suggested a disease mechanism that had nothing to do with external causes. A prion, Seitz explained, could “take over in such a way that it over-produces its own ...
... causes of illness other than smoking. Prusiner's work, for example, suggested a disease mechanism that had nothing to do with external causes. A prion, Seitz explained, could “take over in such a way that it over-produces its own ...
Strana 16
... cause for alarm. The industry's position was that there was “no proof” that tobacco was bad, and they fostered that position by manufacturing a “debate,” convincing the mass media that responsible journalists had an obligation to ...
... cause for alarm. The industry's position was that there was “no proof” that tobacco was bad, and they fostered that position by manufacturing a “debate,” convincing the mass media that responsible journalists had an obligation to ...
Strana 17
... cause of cancer was genetic weakness, not smoking. In 1954, the tobacco industry hired Little to head the Tobacco ... caused not by asbestos, but by smoking. Perhaps for this reason, Hueper prepared a talk questioning the tobacco-cancer ...
... cause of cancer was genetic weakness, not smoking. In 1954, the tobacco industry hired Little to head the Tobacco ... caused not by asbestos, but by smoking. Perhaps for this reason, Hueper prepared a talk questioning the tobacco-cancer ...
Obsah
1 | |
36 | |
Acid Rain | 66 |
Whats Bad Science? Who Decides? | 136 |
The Denial of Global Warming | 169 |
The Revisionist | 216 |
Acknowledgments | 275 |
Index | 345 |
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acid rain American argued argument Assessment Atmospheric attack Bad Science Bill Nierenberg Carbon Dioxide cause CFCs chapter chlorine Cigarette claims Climate Change colleagues Committee debate defense Earth’s effects emissions Environment Environmental environmentalists experts Fred Singer Frederick Seitz free market George H. W. Bush Glantz global warming Health Heartland Institute human Ibid impact insisted IPCC issue Legacy Tobacco Documents letter Lomborg lung cancer Marshall Institute ment Naomi Oreskes National Academy nuclear winter ozone depletion ozone hole panel percent pesticides Philip Morris physicists Policy political pollution president President’s problem Protection published R. J. Reynolds Reagan regulation Revelle risk Robert Jastrow Santer scientists secondhand smoke Silent Spring SIO Archives skeptics Soviet stratosphere tion Tobacco Documents Library tobacco industry U.S. Government University Press Wall Street Journal WAN papers Washington White House William Nierenberg World York